Parameters of anaerobic physiological profile of elite athletes

Introduction. Anaerobic capacity is much less evaluated in literature compared to aerobic component. Anaerobic performance of athletes can be measured using different motoric tests, lasting 20 to 30 seconds, one of them being the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the work performed and power generated by athletes and non-athletes during a 30-second high intensity exercise, as well as to compare explosive characteristics of subjects using a new parameter of WAnT, named explosive power, or slope of power. Methods. All parameters of anaerobic power were investigated in 152 subjects classed into different groups depending on their physical fitness and sport specialties as follows: non-athletes (n=31), rowers (n=26), volleyball players (n=37), handball players (n=34) and judo players (n=24). The WAnT, as well as basic anthropometric measurements, was administrated to all participants. Results. Values of anaerobic parameters were higher in the group of athletes compared to physically inactive subjects. The highest values of the WAnT parameters were registered in the group of volleyball players (AP=1006 W; relative AP=11.4 W/ kg, AC=19.8 kJ), compared to athletes of other sport disciplines (volleyball, rowing and judo). The new parameter of the WAnT, explosive power, also showed highest values in volleyball players (EP=154 W/s; relative EP=1.74 W/s/kg). These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion. The results of laboratory tests can provide useful information on improvements in training processes. The new parameter of the WAnT could be implemented in further analyses of explosive characteristics of muscle contraction.

Download Full-text

EXPLOSIVE MUSCLE POWER ASSESSMENT IN ELITE ATHLETES USING WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-869220182402183151 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 107-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dea Karaba Jakovljević ◽

Mirela Eric ◽

Gordana Jovanovic ◽

Goran Dimitric ◽

Maja Buljcik Cupic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Power ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

High Energy ◽

Soccer Players ◽

High Energy Phosphates ◽

Explosive Power ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physiological Tests

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maximal effort physiological tests provide information about the current functional capacity of athletes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anaerobic performance parameters in elite athletes and to compare them in terms of the specific demands of each sport. We also created and applied the new software which enables us to quantify a new parameter -explosive muscle power (EP), a major component in sports requiring explosive bursts of movement lasting from a few seconds to 1 or 2 minutes. This new parameter reflects the velocity of energy transformation from intramuscular ATP and high-energy phosphates into mechanical power. Methods: All Wingate test parameters (standard parameters) - anaerobic power (AP), anaerobic capacity (AC), and explosive power (EP) as the new parameter were recorded in 104 subjects: 30 non-athletes and 74 athletes divided into different groups depending on their sport specialty (20 rowers, 28 wrestlers and 26 soccer players). Results: Anaerobic power (AP), anaerobic capacity (AC) and explosive power (EP) were significantly higher in the group of athletes compared to non-athletes. Among athletes, significant differences were observed in some parameters according to the type of activities they are involved in. The highest values were recorded in the group of wrestlers (AP=836W; AC=16.6kJ; EP=139W/s). The values of AP (absolute values) and EP (absolute and relative values) were significantly higher in wrestlers than in soccer players and rowers, but there was no significant difference in AC among these groups. The EP variable had a distribution similar to AP. Conclusions: Alongside anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity, the assessment of explosive power may complement the anaerobic profile of athletes. Experts in the field of sports medicine and exercise physiology could find these results useful in improving test variables, which are more important for specific sports, and for evaluating and monitoring training progress. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

Download Full-text

Relationship between Anaerobic Power and Jumping of Selected Male Volleyball Players of Different Ages

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.100.3.607-614 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 607-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Athanasios Kasabalis ◽

Helen Douda ◽

Savvas P. Tokmakidis

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Age Groups ◽

Specific Training ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Maximal Anaerobic Power ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anaerobic Test

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anaerobic power of elite male volleyball players, using the Wingate Anaerobic Test to examine the relationship between anaerobic power and jumping performance. Athletes ( n = 56) and Nonathletes ( n = 53) were divided into three age groups: Adults (18–25 yr.), Juniors (15–16 yr.), and Youth (10–11 yr.). Measurements of height, body mass, vertical jump and Wingate scores indicated higher values for athletes. The specific training effects of anaerobic power were more pronounced at the age of 10–11 years than for Nonathletes. A significant correlation coefficient between peak power and vertical jump was found for Athletes ( r = .86) and for the total group ( r = .82). These results indicated that vertical jump may predict the maximal anaerobic power and could be used by coaches as a practical and easy-to-apply field screening test for evaluation in volleyball training.

Download Full-text

Application of modified Wingate anaerobic test in maximal power measurement

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0906207p ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 (5-6) ◽

pp. 207-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jelena Popadic-Gacesa ◽

Dea Karaba-Jakovljevic ◽

Otto Barak ◽

Miodrag Drapsin

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Power Measurement ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Explosive Power ◽

Measurement Protocol ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Anaerobic Test

INTRODUCTION Wingate anaerobic test is an all-out test, which gives information about maximal anaerobic power. The aim of the study was to show characteristics of standard and modified versions of Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), and to determine and explain the differences in observed parameters due to the measurement protocol applied. MATHERIAL AND METHODS The testing was conducted on 30 male non sportsmen, who performed usual everyday activities. The following parameters were measured: peak power or anaerobic power, mean power as a mean value of power during the whole test and explosive power or acceleration. Modified versions were performed with 5 s or 10 s delay of maximal cycling activity, during which the person was slowly pedaling. RESULTS The average values of parameters Peak power and Explosive power in our participants were 622.20?134.57 W and 89.26 ?28.57 W/s, respectively. In modification 1 Peak Power and Explosive Power were 680.25?133.43 W and 100.60?12.77 W/s, and in modification 2 they were 685.95?135.68 W and 100.30?10.09 W/s. Significant differences were found in both parameters between the standard and modified versions, but there was no significant difference between two modified versions. The mean power parameter was not considered in the discussion, because of the fact that modified versions were shortened, and it was not a valid measurement for this parameter. DISCUSION AND CONCLUSION The difference between standard and modified versions can be explained by the difference between test and retest probes, and also because of modification of protocol which can partially influence the results of testing.

Download Full-text

The effect of motivational music on wingate anaerobic test performance

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3254 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 513 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Özkan Işık ◽

Yasin Ersöz ◽

Murat Pazan ◽

Yücel Ocak

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Rank Test ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Anaerobic Test

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the motivational music on the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) performance. 16 male students who studied at School of Physical Education and Sports, Kocatepe University participated in the study voluntarily. After demographic characteristics of the voluntaries [age, height, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI)] were measured without music (pre-test) and with motivational music [>120 bpm (beats per minute)] conditions (post-test). For the analyses of the data; Wilcoxon Rank Test was used in order to detect the difference among the variables. As a result of the measurements taken in with and without music conditions; it was found out that there was a statistically significant difference on behalf of condition with music in terms of maximum anaerobic power (MaxAP), maximum anaerobic capacity (MAC), relative anaerobic power (RAP), relative anaerobic capacity (RAC) and fatigue index (FI) values (p<0,05), while there was no statistically significant difference in terms of minimum anaerobic power (MinAP) values (p>0,05). It was determined that the motivational music has positive effects on the WAnT performance. However; although it was seen that motivational music increased the WAnT performance, we were of the opinion that this effect emerged thanks to the increased psycho-physiological factors caused by music.

Download Full-text

Motivation and motoric tests in sports

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0706231k ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 60 (5-6) ◽

pp. 231-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dea Karaba-Jakovljevic ◽

Jelena Popadic-Gacesa ◽

Nikola Grujic ◽

Otto Barak ◽

Miodrag Drapsin

Keyword(s):

Achievement Motivation ◽

Sport Activity ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Sport Activities ◽

Novi Sad ◽

Verbal Encouragement ◽

Anaerobic Test

Motivation in sport performance has been an interesting topic for many investigators during the past decade. This area can be considered from different viewpoints: motivation for participation in sport activity, achievement motivation, competitiveness etc. Motivation plays an important role in all out tests, as well as in sport activities and at all levels of competition. Motivation climate, or positive social environment may influence and modulate motivation of individuals involved in sports. Experience has shown that conventional encouragement and feedback during the test may affect its outcome. According to Wingate research team recommendations, verbal encouragement, as a motivation factor, was given to all examined subjects during Wingate anaerobic test, which is considered the most reliable test for assessing anaerobic capacity. The investigated group consisted of 30 young men - medical students, who were not actively involved in any programmed sport activity. The investigated group included second-year students of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad chosen by random sampling. The Wingate anaerobic test was performed in all subjects, and changes of parameters when test was performed with verbal encouragement, were recorded. The results show statistically significant increase of Wingate test parameters when conducted with verbal encouragement: anaerobic power (622/669 W); relative anaerobic power (7.70/8.27 W/kg); slope of the power (95.5/114 W/s); relative slope of the power (1.18/1.40 W/s/kg); anaerobic capacity (12.7/13.2 kJ) and relative anaerobic capacity (158/164 J/kg).

Download Full-text

Anthropometric characteristics and functional capacity of elite rowers and handball players

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1610267k ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (9-10) ◽

pp. 267-273

Author(s):

Dea Karaba-Jakovljevic ◽

Gordana Jovanovic ◽

Mirela Eric ◽

Aleksandar Klasnja ◽

Danijel Slavic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Body ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

National Level ◽

Body Height ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Explosive Power ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics

Introduction. Anthropometric and anaerobic profile of elite athletes are fundamental for the assessment of their respective performance. The present study was designed to evaluate the anthropometric parameters, body composition and anaerobic characteristics of elite male handball players and rowers, and to compare them in relation to specific sport demands. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 41 elite national level athletes: 20 handball players (aged 23.7?3.72) and 21 rowers (aged 19.7?2.84). Anthropometric characteristics (body mass, body height, skinfold thickness, body circumferences), and body fat mass were evaluated, and Wingate anaerobic test for anaerobic power assessment was applied. Results. The significant differences were noted in chest, upper arm, waist and hip circumferences, and supraspinal and calf skinfolds between the two investigated groups. Rowers showed higher values of fat body mass (13.2?3.76 vs. 10.7?3.76%), but lower body mass index (22.0?1,92 vs. 25.7?2.31 kg/m2) compared to handball players. When analyzing the Wingate test parameters, significantly higher values of absolute anaerobic power (786?127 vs. 691?140 W), absolute explosive power in the handball players compared to the rowers were recorded (118?26.3 vs. 105?27.8 W/s), while rowers achieved higher relative anaerobic capacity (192?31.2 vs. 177?20.8 J/kg). Conclusion. Specific body composition and anthropometrical assessment as a part of morphological analysis should complement physiological profile of elite athletes. The analysis of the anaerobic performance shows that the handball players have greater alactic anaerobic and explosive power component, compared to the rowers in whom the anaerobic endurance and specific training have the greatest effect on the consumption of dominant metabolic substrate during the race.

Download Full-text

Anaerobic fitness assessment in taekwondo athletes. A new perspective

Motricidade ◽

10.6063/motricidade.8954 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fernando Rocha ◽

Hugo Louro ◽

Ricardo Matias ◽

Aldo Costa

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Standard Test ◽

Maximum Height ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Constant Bias ◽

New Perspective ◽

Anaerobic Test

We intended to determine the concurrent validity of a taekwondo specific anaerobic test (TSAT) to assess anaerobic fitness in taekwondo athletes. Seventeen elite male subjects (17.59 ± 4.34 years of age; 1.72 m ± .07 m in height; 61.3 kg ± 8.7 kg in weight and 15.6% ± 8.5% in body fat) performed a TSAT, which consisted of kicking a punching bag for 30 seconds. The standard test was the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two trials were made for both tests and the agreement between both was tested. The variables analysed and compared were: peak power; relative peak power; mean anaerobic power; relative mean anaerobic power; fatigue index and anaerobic capacity. The number of kicks performed in the TSAT protocol and the maximum height of the counter movement jump (CMJ) were also registered. Trial I and II had significant ICC results in all variables (P = .000) ranged between 0.56 and 0.97. Both protocols were significantly correlated (r = 0.55 to 0.88; P = .000 to .05). CMJ strongly correlated with the number of techniques (r=0.59; P = .013) and the mean power (r = 0.56; P = .019) of the TSAT. The variables between the two methods correlate and are consistent, except for the anaerobic capacity that although correlated, is not consistent with constant bias, P = 0.001; CI]-705.1;-370.2[. TSAT has a level of agreement with the Wingate, and assigns specificity in the evaluation of these variables.

Download Full-text

Anaerobic Strength and Power in Master Athletes

Sports Medicine International Open ◽

10.1055/s-0042-123695 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. E30-E36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jelena Gacesa

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Master Athletes ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Group Iii ◽

Contraction Velocity ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

AbstractThe study compared anaerobic capacity and power in master athletes of different ages, and correlated 2 different anaerobic tests. The study was conducted on 60 male athletes: group I 30–35 years (n1=35, age 32.23±1.53 y), group II 35–45 years (n2=15, age 39.17±3.60 y), group III above 46 years (n3=10, age 52.13±4.50 y). The Wingate anaerobic test and ergometry of elbow flexors, elbow extensors, and knee extensors were performed. Average peak anaerobic power (PP) in group I was 692.94±216.53 W, in group II 593.40±185.91 W, non-significantly lower by 14.4% (p>0.05). In group III, PP was 381.50±117.62 W, significantly lower by 44.9% when compared with group I (p≤0.001). Ergometry parameter of muscle strength and power showed greater decline with age (up to 32.3%) in comparison with contraction velocity (up to 14.1%). Significant correlation was registered between PP and ergometric parameter power for knee extensors (KE) (PP/KE power: r was 0.59 in group I, 0.85 in group II, and 0.90 in group III, p≤0.05). Master athletes represent an interesting population for studying the chronic effects of physical activity on functional capacity changes during ageing. Strength parameters “age” in different fashion, because the contraction velocity parameter is less influenced than strength by the muscle alterations with increasing age.

Download Full-text