scholarly journals Accurate completion of medical report on diagnosing death

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 763-768
Author(s):  
Slobodan Savic ◽  
Djordje Alempijevic ◽  
Sladjana Andjelic
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Medical Report ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Apparent Death ◽  
Public Responsibility ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Do So

Diagnosing death and issuing a Death Diagnosing Form (DDF) represents an activity that carries a great deal of public responsibility for medical professionals of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and is perpetually exposed to the control of the general public. Diagnosing death is necessary so as to confirm true, to exclude apparent death and consequentially to avoid burying a person alive, i.e. apparently dead. These expert-methodological guidelines based on the most up-to-date and medically based evidence have the goal of helping the physicians of the EMS in accurately filling out a medical report on diagnosing death. If the outcome of applied cardiopulmonary resuscitation measures is negative or when the person is found dead, the physician is under obligation to diagnose death and correctly fill out the DDF. It is also recommended to perform electrocardiography (EKG) and record asystole in at least two leads. In the process of diagnostics and treatment, it is a moral obligation of each Belgrade EMS physician to apply all available achievements and knowledge of modern medicine acquired from extensive international studies, which have been indeed the major theoretical basis for the creation of these expert-methodological guidelines. Those acting differently do so in accordance with their conscience and risk professional, and even criminal sanctions.

IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS CRIME CRIMINAL ABORTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Ketut Hendra Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Business Crime ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
Do So

Abortion is misconduct when committed intentionally abort way without any obvious reason to do so. Regarding the crime of abortion is regulated in the Act Positive in Indonesia. Perform abortions should not be just anyone do it because they have to kill the fetus in the womb. In this case I raised the issue that is how the imposition of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of abortion and how the alleviation and prevention of criminal acts of abortion in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Moral hypocrisy and the hedonic shift: A goal-framing approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegwart Lindenberg ◽  
Linda Steg ◽  
Marko Milovanovic ◽  
Anita Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Situational Cues ◽  
Moral Hypocrisy ◽  
Goal Framing ◽  
Normative Consensus ◽  
Moral Stance ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

The most investigated form of moral hypocrisy is pragmatic hypocrisy in which people fake moral commitment for their own advantage. Yet there is also a different form of hypocrisy in which people take a moral stance with regard to norms they endorse without thereby also expressing a commitment to act morally. Rather they do it in order to feel good. We call this hedonic moral hypocrisy. In our research, we posit that this kind of hypocrisy comes about when people’s overarching goals are shifted in a hedonic direction, that is, in the direction of focusing on the way one feels, rather than on moral obligation. Hedonic shifts come about by cues in the environment. People are sometimes sincere when expressing a moral stance (i.e. they mean it and also act on it), and sometimes, when they are subject to a hedonic shift, they express a moral stance just to make them feel good. This also implies that they then decline to do things that make them feel bad, such as behaving morally when it takes unrewarded effort to do so. In two experimental studies, we find that there is such a thing as hedonic moral hypocrisy and that it is indeed brought about by hedonic shifts from cues in the environment. This seriously undermines the meaning of a normative consensus for norm conformity. Seemingly, for norm conformity without close social control, it is not enough that people endorse the same norms, they also have to be exposed to situational cues that counteract hedonic shifts. In the discussion, it is suggested that societal arrangements that foster the focus on the way one feels and nurture a chronic wish to make oneself feel better (for example, in the fun direction through advertisements and entertainment opportunities, or in the fear direction by populist politicians, social media, economic uncertainties, crises, or wars and displacements) are likely to increase hedonic hypocrisy in society.

Approaches and Models of Music Therapy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Therapy Training ◽  
Do So

This chapter presents eleven models and approaches in music therapy practice. The inclusion criteria is that each forms the basis, or is part, of an existing training, and at least one monograph exists. The distinction betweenmodelsand approaches is made such that models refer to developments which evolved from music therapy practice, andapproachesare music therapy techniques and methods overlaid on an existing model of therapy or theoretical principles. Music therapy training requires learning about theory within the parameters of at least one model or approach, and this engagement must be thorough and intensive. Trainees can struggle with having to do so much thinking and analyzing of their own reactions and integration of key theoretical concepts while concurrently focusing on improving their techniques and methods. Ultimately good enough training allows students to first comprehend and eventually internalize, the theoretical basis of their professional thinking in practice.

Ethics of vaccine refusal

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107026
Author(s):  
Michael Kowalik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Free Agent ◽  
Vaccine Refusal ◽  
Vaccine Mandates ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Ethical Basis ◽  
Do So

Proponents of vaccine mandates typically claim that everyone who can be vaccinated has a moral or ethical obligation to do so for the sake of those who cannot be vaccinated, or in the interest of public health. I evaluate several previously undertheorised premises implicit to the ‘obligation to vaccinate’ type of arguments and show that the general conclusion is false: there is neither a moral obligation to vaccinate nor a sound ethical basis to mandate vaccination under any circumstances, even for hypothetical vaccines that are medically risk-free. Agent autonomy with respect to self-constitution has absolute normative priority over reduction or elimination of the associated risks to life. In practical terms, mandatory vaccination amounts to discrimination against healthy, innate biological characteristics, which goes against the established ethical norms and is also defeasible a priori.

Epilogue

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-242
Author(s):  
Thaddeus Metz
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
African Country ◽  
Good Position ◽  
African Students ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Political Philosopher ◽  
Do So

At the end of the first chapter (1.5), I noted that, since having moved to an African country, I have considered myself to have had a moral obligation to engage with its intellectual traditions when teaching and researching. I would have rightly felt guilt had I taught merely Western ethics to African students and contributed only Euro-American-Australasian perspectives to journals published in the sub-Saharan region. Having been principally trained as an analytic moral and political philosopher, I have been in a good position to articulate normative-theoretic interpretations of African morality, to evaluate these moral theories by appealing to intuitions, and to apply them to a range of practical controversies. Now, it would be welcome if the relational moral theory I have defended in this book could explain why I had a duty to make such a contribution to the field. And indeed it does. I have had an obligation of some weight to teach and research African philosophical ideas as I am particularly able to do so for a reason that is by now familiar to the reader. In the way that a newly trained doctor has an obligation of some weight to give something back to his country before emigrating (...

scholarly journals Frequency and clinical spectrum of in-flight medical incidents during domestic and international flights

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R Epstein ◽  
James M Forbes ◽  
Christopher L Futter ◽  
Ian M Hosegood ◽  
Russell G Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Medical Event ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
Do So

Most medical practitioners are not specifically trained to diagnose or manage in-flight medical incidents, yet there may occur a moral obligation to do so when least expected. We felt that knowledge of the frequency of emergency versus non-serious medical incidents, in addition to the clinical spectrum of incidents most often encountered, would be of interest to medical practitioners and, in particular, critical care physicians, who happen to find themselves asked to assist with such events. To this end we collaborated with the Department of Medical Services of a major Australian airline to define the incidence, severity, and type of all in-flight medical events encountered over the course of a year’s flights. We audited in-flight medical data collected over a continuous 12-month period, which covered 131,890 international and domestic flight sectors transporting more than 27 million passengers. There was an average of 296 medical events per month (3555 in total) making the per-flight incidence of a medical event approximately 1:40 (2.7%). Of these in-flight incidents, 915 (26%) were graded as emergencies, with the commonest descriptors of such incidents being either loss of consciousness (37%) or a suspected cardiovascular event (12%). Six of these 915 emergencies proved fatal. Twenty-one flights were diverted due to medical incidents (<0.016% of all flights), with 52% of these attributed to suspected cardiac events. In this series, medical in-flight events were recorded in approximately one in 40 flights, whereas medical emergencies occurred in approximately one in 150 flights.

scholarly journals How ‘culture bound’ is ‘cultural psychiatry’?

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushrut Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
Cultural Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Specialty ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
The Uk

Cultural psychiatry as a clinical specialty sprung mainly from Europe and North America, in order to respond to growing concerns of ethnic minorities in high-income countries. Academic psychiatrists pursuing comparative international studies on mental health, together with medical anthropologists conducting clinical ethnographies, contributed to its theoretical basis (Kleinman, 1987; Littlewood, 1990). What at first appeared to be a marginal specialty is no longer so. For example, the UK alone has witnessed a steady growth of the field, as evidenced by its mandatory inclusion in mental health training curricula, and the existence of several taught masters courses, academic positions in universities and three dedicated journals, as well as, more recently, lead papers in mainstream publications that have debated the cultural position of ‘biology’ itself (Timimi & Taylor, 2004). Additionally, with a proliferation of clinical jobs for ‘ethnic minority’ services in hospital trusts across the country, there is ample scope for employment. The overall evidence indicates that ‘cultural psychiatry’ in the UK is now a specialty in its own right.

Research Participation: A Moral Obligation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Susan Doyle-Lindrud
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Do So ◽  
Research Studies

We as a society have all benefited from past research. These benefits include immunizations, antibiotics, antihypertensive, diabetic medication, and many more. Clinical research is ongoing, looking for better treatments, improved technologies, and cures for diseases. Unfortunately, enrollment into these research studies is often low and can become the barrier to completing the study. Why do so few people participate in trials and yet expect researchers to find cures? Should the public benefit from the latest treatments without ever having to participate in the process? Do we have a moral obligation to participate in research or should it be left to the altruistic members of society alone? Differing views of this argument are explored.

scholarly journals THE REVISED CANADIAN TEST FOR THE EXCLUSION OF UNCONSTITUTIONALLY OBTAINED EVIDENCE

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
BC Naudé
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The South ◽  
Exclusionary Rule ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
Canadian Law ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Sound Theoretical Basis ◽  
Do So

Although South African courts have relied on Canadian law to interpret section 35(5) of the Constitution, they have also been hesitant to do so, since the previous Canadian approach clearly had its shortcomings. The Canadian Supreme Court's decision in R v Grant has now addressed these problems by putting forward an approach that is less rigid and more simplistic to apply. The new test reflects properly the main motivation behind a constitutionally entrenched exclusionary rule and thereby provides a sound theoretical basis for the application of such a rule. Because their new approach has brought the South African and Canadian tests closer together, more stands to be gained from future Canadian decisions in this regard. Perhaps the most important aspect of the Grant decision is that it shows why it is unnecessary to treat the two legs of the South African rule as separate tests. There should in principle be only one test: namely whether the admission of unconstitutionally obtained evidence would be detrimental to the administration of justice. 

scholarly journals The state-regime-nexus: law and legal order

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Paola Stawski
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
State Regime ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Autocratic Regimes ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to illuminate the interdependent relation and connectivity between state and regime known as the state-regime-nexus. To conceptualize the reciprocal institutional relation between state and regime and to deepen the understanding of the state-regime-nexus, I focus on law and legal order as one mutual linkage between state and regime in both democratic and autocratic regimes. To do so, this conceptual paper addresses two points that are part of the same topic: the relation between state, regime and law and different variants of legal order in democratic and autocratic regimes. This creates a theoretical basis to gain more conceptual and analytical clarity in the complex realm of the state-regime-nexus.

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