scholarly journals The efficiency of canal cleaning with reciprocating movements instruments - SEM study

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Zivkovic ◽  
Jelena Neskovic ◽  
Marijana Popovic-Bajic ◽  
Milica Medojevic-Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Single File ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Niti Instruments

Introduction/Objective. The application of nickel?titanium (NiTi) instruments in cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is a standard and a precondition for the success of endodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in order to examine the efficiency of cleaning the apical third of the root canal system using two different NiTi systems with reciprocating movements. Methods. The study included 20 single-rooted teeth (premolars) divided into two groups. In group 1, the canal preparation was realized with a single file UNICONE with reciprocating movements (MEDIN, Inc., Nove M?sto na Morav?, Czech Republic), and in group 2, with ? RECIPROC BLUE instrument with reciprocating movements (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany). The same quantities of 2% NaOCl solution and 17% EDTA solution were used as irrigation solutions. The samples prepared for SEM analysis of the smear layer in the apical third were evaluated on a scale of 1?5 and at a magnification of 1,000?. Results. SEM analysis pointed to mostly clean canal walls in the apical segment in both tested groups. Slightly cleaner walls were observed after the application of the UNICONE file (78%) compared to the samples of the second group, where the instrumentation was realized by the RECIPROC BLUE file (76%), but without statistically significant differences. Conclusion. Single-file reciprocating systems do not remove the smear layer completely, but provide efficient cleaning of the apical region of the canal.

scholarly journals Efficiency of root canal cleaning using a single instrument with reciprocating motion systems and full rotation systems: a SEM study

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Živković ◽  
Jelena Nešković ◽  
Milica Jovanović Medojević ◽  
Marijana Popović Bajić ◽  
Dejan Ostojić
Keyword(s):  
Apical Part ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Full Rotation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Single Instrument ◽  
Group 1

Summary Introduction Efficient cleaning and canal design present a basic precondition for successful endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using SEM analysis, the efficacy of cleaning the apical third of the canal with one instrument in both reciprocating motion and full rotation systems. Materials and methods Thirty (30) single-rooted teeth (upper incisors), extracted due to periodontal reasons, were used and selected in 2 groups. In the group 1, instrumentation was done with a single instrument UNICONE with reciprocal movements (MEDIN, Czech Republic), while in the group 2, a single instrument XPS endo SHAPER (XPS) (FKG, Dentaire, Swiss) with full rotation was used. 2% solution of NaOCl and 17% EDTA solution were used as irrigation agents in both groups. SEM analysis of smear layer in the apical third was done at standard magnification of 1000x and presented on a scale of 1-5. Results showed mostly clean canal walls and no smear layer in the apical region in both tested groups. Canal walls were somewhat cleaner after using UNICONE with reciprocal movements (80%) compared to the canals instrumented with XPS ENDO SHAPER (76%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Single-file NiTi systems did not remove smear layer completely, but provided efficient cleaning in the apical part of the canal. UNICONE file with reciprocal movements was somewhat more efficient in removing smear layer compared to the full rotation XPS ENDO SHAPER file.

scholarly journals Effect of QMix irrigant in removal of smear layer in root canal system: a systematic review of in vitro studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Soo Yee Chia ◽  
Abhishek Parolia ◽  
Benjamin Syek Hur Lim ◽  
Jayakumar Jayaraman ◽  
Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal System ◽  
System A ◽  
Root Canal System

scholarly journals Apical instrumentation in endodontic therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurniasri Darliana ◽  
Endang Sukartini
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Shaping Process ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Major Factors

Cleaning and shaping of the root canal as the foundation for successful endodontic therapy. Cleaning of the root canal as the removal of all the contents of the root canal systems before and during shaping. Mechanical cleaning as the most important part of the root canal therapy. Instrumentation of the apical region has long been considered to be an essential component in the cleaning and shaping process. The apical area as the critical zone for instrumentation. The apical portion of the root canal system can retain microorganisms that could potentially cause periradicular inflammation. The nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation system to facilitate the cleaning and shaping process. Larger instrumentation sizes not only allow proper irrigation but also significantly decrease remaining bacteria in the canal system. How the larger apical sizes preparation must be achieved to clinical success. This paper will describe the major factors impacting the selection of final apical size, the factors are the anatomy of the apical constriction, root canal diameter, apical instrumentation, and bacteria in dentin tubuli.

scholarly journals Endodontic Disinfection for Orthograde Root Canal Treatment in Veterinary Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Laura Sasser
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Necrotic Debris

Pulp debridement and disinfection in the pulp cavity is a critical step in achieving a successful root canal therapy. Microorganisms remaining in the root canal system after endodontic treatment are a main cause of root canal failure. The challenges faced in endodontic disinfection include the complex anatomy of the root canal system, the existence of a biofilm within the root canal, and the creation of a problematic smear layer during instrumentation of the canal. Historically, sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid have been utilized as irrigants and still remain as the most effective disinfectants due to their synergistic abilities to eradicate microorganisms, dissolve necrotic debris, and remove the smear layer and biofilm. This article addresses challenges in endodontic disinfection, objectives of endodontic irrigants, properties of an ideal irrigant, currently used irrigants, and irrigant delivery systems utilized in veterinary dentistry.

scholarly journals Sealer penetration and marginal permeability after apicoectomy varying retrocavity preparation and retrofilling material

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Winik ◽  
Ângela Toshie Araki ◽  
José Augusto Alves Negrão ◽  
Marina Stella Bello-Silva ◽  
José Luiz Lage-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Lower Permeability ◽  
Periapical Healing ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye ◽  
Negative Controls

Apicoectomy failure is generally related to inappropriate marginal sealing of the retrocavity, which allows percolation of microorganisms and their products from root canal system to periapex. This study evaluated tubular penetration of canal sealers and marginal permeability after retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser and retrofilling with MTA or cyanoacrylate. Twenty-two single-rooted teeth were decoronated and endodontically treated, their apical 3 mm were resected and the root ends were retroprepared with a low-speed bur. Twenty roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=5): GI and GII - retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively; GIII and GIV - retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 µm, 4 W, 20 Hz, 70.8 J/cm²) and retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively. The remaining 2 roots served as positive and negative controls. The analysis of rhodamine B dye infiltration (p=0.05) demonstrated that laser irradiation and MTA retrofilling presented significantly higher permeability rates (p<0.05). Retrofilling with cyanoacrylate showed significantly lower permeability, either when laser was used or not on retrocavity. SEM analysis depicted more cyanoacrylate penetration through dentinal tubules when compared to MTA, suggesting a more efficient marginal sealing. Based on these results, it may be concluded that cyanoacrylate provided a less permeable retrofilling regardless of the retropreparation method, suggesting a more favorable condition to the establishment of the periapical healing.

scholarly journals A Review Over Benefits and Drawbacks of Combining Sodium Hypochlorite with Other Endodontic Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahed Mohammadi ◽  
Sousan Shalavi ◽  
Amir Moeintaghavi ◽  
Hamid Jafarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Root Canal System

Introduction:As the root canal system considered to be complex and unpredictable, using root canal irrigants and medicaments are essential in order to enhance the disinfection of the canal. Sodium hypochlorite is the most common irrigant in endodontics. Despite its excellent antimicrobial activity and tissue solubility, sodium hypochlorite lacks some important properties such as substantivity and smear layer removing ability.Objective:The aim of this review was to address benefits and drawbacks of combining sodium hypochlorite with other root canal irrigants and medicaments.Discussion:According to the reviewed articles, NaOCl is the most common irrigation solution in endodontics. However, it has some drawbacks such as inability to remove smear layer. One of the drawbacks of NaOCl is its inability to remove the smear layer and lack of substantivity.Conclusion:The adjunctive use of other materials has been suggested to improve NaOCl efficacy. Nevertheless, further studies are required in this field.

scholarly journals Efficiency of XP Endo Shaper (XPS) and Irrigation Protocol on the Quality of Cleaning the Apical Third of Root Canal: SEM Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Živković ◽  
Milica Jovanović-Medojević ◽  
Jelena Nešković ◽  
Marijana Popović Bajić ◽  
Marija Živković Sandić
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Apical Segment ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Apical Area

SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of new rotary NiTi instrument XP- endo SHAPER (XPS) used with two irrigation protocols on the root canal cleaning in the apical area.Material and Methods: The research was conducted on 30 single-rooted teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons which were divided into the two groups. Instrumentation of the canals was conducted with XPS instrument and 2% solution of NaOCl was used as irrigant. Instrumentation in the first group was performed using a conventional continuous irrigation, in the second group, protocol of final irrigation was performed intermittently in 3 cycles. The SEM analysis of the apical third of the canal was performed on longitudinal root cross-section standardized photomicrography with a magnification of 2000X.Results: Results showed that a thicker smear layer was observed in the first group and with continuous irrigation protocol (2,10) in relation to the intermittent irrigation protocol in 3 cycles (1,96), but without significant differences.The walls of the root canal in the apical third of the samples of the second group were slightly cleaner (73.3%) in comparison with the teeth of the first group (64, 7%), but also without significant differences.Conclusions: The use of XPS and 2% solution of NaOCl in the root canal enables efficient cleaning of the apical third of tooth. The final irrigation protocol in three cycles improves the efficiency of the smear layer removal in the apical segment of the canal.

scholarly journals The efficacy of XP-endo SHAPER (XPS) in cleaning the apical third of the root canal

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Živković ◽  
Jelena Nešković ◽  
Milica Jovanović-Medojević ◽  
Marijana Popović-Bajić ◽  
Marija Živković-Sandić
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Niti Instruments ◽  
Niti Rotary Instruments ◽  
Apical Area

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of new rotary NiTi instrument XP endo SHAPER (XPS) used with conventional irrigation protocol on the root canal cleaning in the apical area. Material and methods The research was conducted in vitro on 40 extracted single-rooted teeth divided into the four groups. Instrumentation in the first group was performed using iRa Ce NiTi rotary instruments, in the second group the same instruments were used plus XP endo FINISHER (XPF) for smear layer removal. In the third group, canal instrumentation was done using new instrument XPS, and in the fourth XPS instruments plus XPF was used. During the instrumentation 2% NaOCl solution was used for rinsing canals. The SEM analysis of the cleaning quality in the apical third of the canal was performed on longitudinal root cross-sections and standardized microphotography with a 2000x magnification. Results The thickest smear layer in the apical third was recorded in the first group (iRa Ce) NiTi instruments (2.12), and somewhat less in the group with the new XPS instrument (1.95). An identical and somewhat smaller amount of smear layer was registered in the second and fourth groups where XPF was used with the final irrigant (1.64) (p<0.001). Conclusion The application of only one instrument (XPS) in the canal enabled efficient cleaning of a very complex apical third. Cleaning was more efficient when XPF was used with final irrigant after the canal instrumentation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of EDTA as the irrigation solution to remove smear layer in root canal

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurniasri Amas Achiar ◽  
Endang Sukartini
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Effective Seal ◽  
Apical Leakage

One of the objectives of successful endodontic treatment is the hermetic obturation of the root canal system. To achieve this, the root canal filling must seal the canal space both apically and coronally to prevent the ingress of microorganisms or tissue fluids into the canal space. Apical leakage is reported a common reason for the clinical failure of endodontic therapy. Leakage through an obturated root canal is expected to take place at interfaces between sealer and dentin or sealer and gutta-percha, or through voids within the sealer. Hence, the sealing quality of root canal filling depends much on the sealing ability of the sealer. Therefore, anything that may influence the adaptation of the root filling to the canal wall is can determine the degree and the extent of leakage, and ultimately the prognosis of the endodontic therapy. In endodontic therapy, the smear layer formation results from root canal preparation and may influence the effective seal of the root canal system. The smear layer formation is mainly composed of inorganic components (dentin debris) and organic materials, such as pulp tissue remnant, bacteria, and blood cells. Removal of the smear layer from the root canal walls before the obturation can reduce the leakage of root canal sealer. To remove the smear layer use 10 ml 17% EDTA followed by 10 ml of 5.25% NaOCl as irrigating solution. This paper discribe about how the effectivity of EDTA as irigating solution to remove the smear layer especially in the apical root canal with many lateral canal to reduce the apical leakage.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of a Root Canal System by Nd:YAG Laser and Rotary Instruments

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1240-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Samiei ◽  
Seyyed Mahdi Vahid Pakdel ◽  
Sahand Rikhtegaran ◽  
Sahar Shakoei ◽  
Delaram Ebrahimpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThis study evaluated the cleaning efficacy of a root canal system by Nd:YAG laser and rotary instruments. Sixty single-rooted human teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n=15). In the first group the teeth were prepared with a step-back technique using conventional K-files. In the second and third groups, tooth preparation was carried out using Nd:YAG laser and rotary NiTi instruments, respectively. Teeth in the fourth group were prepared by combined laser and rotary methods. The smear layer remaining on canal walls was then assessed by scanning electron microscopy in the coronal, middle, and apical portions. The comparison of smear layer removal efficacy between groups was carried out by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The mean grades of smear layer removal in rotary-laser, rotary, laser and step-back techniques were 1.34±0.18, 2.2±0.28, 1.91±0.25, and 2.42 ±0.19, respectively. On the whole, differences between rotary-laser and rotary groups, step-back, and the three other techniques (rotary, laser, and rotary-laser) were significant at p=0.034. Based on the findings of this study, the cleaning efficacy of rotary, laser, and rotary-laser techniques were better than the step-back technique and the combined laser and rotary technique was the most efficient method.

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