scholarly journals Efficiency of XP Endo Shaper (XPS) and Irrigation Protocol on the Quality of Cleaning the Apical Third of Root Canal: SEM Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Živković ◽  
Milica Jovanović-Medojević ◽  
Jelena Nešković ◽  
Marijana Popović Bajić ◽  
Marija Živković Sandić
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Apical Segment ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Apical Area

SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of new rotary NiTi instrument XP- endo SHAPER (XPS) used with two irrigation protocols on the root canal cleaning in the apical area.Material and Methods: The research was conducted on 30 single-rooted teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons which were divided into the two groups. Instrumentation of the canals was conducted with XPS instrument and 2% solution of NaOCl was used as irrigant. Instrumentation in the first group was performed using a conventional continuous irrigation, in the second group, protocol of final irrigation was performed intermittently in 3 cycles. The SEM analysis of the apical third of the canal was performed on longitudinal root cross-section standardized photomicrography with a magnification of 2000X.Results: Results showed that a thicker smear layer was observed in the first group and with continuous irrigation protocol (2,10) in relation to the intermittent irrigation protocol in 3 cycles (1,96), but without significant differences.The walls of the root canal in the apical third of the samples of the second group were slightly cleaner (73.3%) in comparison with the teeth of the first group (64, 7%), but also without significant differences.Conclusions: The use of XPS and 2% solution of NaOCl in the root canal enables efficient cleaning of the apical third of tooth. The final irrigation protocol in three cycles improves the efficiency of the smear layer removal in the apical segment of the canal.

scholarly journals The effect of pH of the sodium hypochlorite on smear layer removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Branislav Karadzic ◽  
Nina Dimitrijevic ◽  
Dragica Manojlovic ◽  
Tomislav Trisovic
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Ph Values

Introduction. Canal irrigation is an important segment of endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of 0.5% NaOCl solutions of different pH values on smear layer removal. Material and Methods. Thirty-two freshly extracted single rooted teeth with gangrenous pulp were used in the study. The samples were divided into four groups of eight teeth in each. Four solutions of 0.5% NaOCl having pH values 5, 7, 9 and 12 respectively, were used during chemomechanical instrumentation with hand instruments and using step back technique. SEM analysis was done to assess the quality of smear layer removal in apical, middle and coronal part of root canal. Presence and quantity of smear layer and detritus was quantified using the scale from 1 to 5. Results. SEM analysis results showed similar results for 0.5% NaOCl solutions of different pH values in root canal cleaning with no statistically significant differences. Conclusion. The most effective cleaning root canal was achieved with 0.5% NaOCl solution of pH 5.

scholarly journals The efficacy of XP-endo SHAPER (XPS) in cleaning the apical third of the root canal

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Živković ◽  
Jelena Nešković ◽  
Milica Jovanović-Medojević ◽  
Marijana Popović-Bajić ◽  
Marija Živković-Sandić
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Niti Instruments ◽  
Niti Rotary Instruments ◽  
Apical Area

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of new rotary NiTi instrument XP endo SHAPER (XPS) used with conventional irrigation protocol on the root canal cleaning in the apical area. Material and methods The research was conducted in vitro on 40 extracted single-rooted teeth divided into the four groups. Instrumentation in the first group was performed using iRa Ce NiTi rotary instruments, in the second group the same instruments were used plus XP endo FINISHER (XPF) for smear layer removal. In the third group, canal instrumentation was done using new instrument XPS, and in the fourth XPS instruments plus XPF was used. During the instrumentation 2% NaOCl solution was used for rinsing canals. The SEM analysis of the cleaning quality in the apical third of the canal was performed on longitudinal root cross-sections and standardized microphotography with a 2000x magnification. Results The thickest smear layer in the apical third was recorded in the first group (iRa Ce) NiTi instruments (2.12), and somewhat less in the group with the new XPS instrument (1.95). An identical and somewhat smaller amount of smear layer was registered in the second and fourth groups where XPF was used with the final irrigant (1.64) (p<0.001). Conclusion The application of only one instrument (XPS) in the canal enabled efficient cleaning of a very complex apical third. Cleaning was more efficient when XPF was used with final irrigant after the canal instrumentation.

scholarly journals The efficiency of canal cleaning with reciprocating movements instruments - SEM study

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Zivkovic ◽  
Jelena Neskovic ◽  
Marijana Popovic-Bajic ◽  
Milica Medojevic-Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Single File ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Niti Instruments

Introduction/Objective. The application of nickel?titanium (NiTi) instruments in cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is a standard and a precondition for the success of endodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in order to examine the efficiency of cleaning the apical third of the root canal system using two different NiTi systems with reciprocating movements. Methods. The study included 20 single-rooted teeth (premolars) divided into two groups. In group 1, the canal preparation was realized with a single file UNICONE with reciprocating movements (MEDIN, Inc., Nove M?sto na Morav?, Czech Republic), and in group 2, with ? RECIPROC BLUE instrument with reciprocating movements (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany). The same quantities of 2% NaOCl solution and 17% EDTA solution were used as irrigation solutions. The samples prepared for SEM analysis of the smear layer in the apical third were evaluated on a scale of 1?5 and at a magnification of 1,000?. Results. SEM analysis pointed to mostly clean canal walls in the apical segment in both tested groups. Slightly cleaner walls were observed after the application of the UNICONE file (78%) compared to the samples of the second group, where the instrumentation was realized by the RECIPROC BLUE file (76%), but without statistically significant differences. Conclusion. Single-file reciprocating systems do not remove the smear layer completely, but provide efficient cleaning of the apical region of the canal.

scholarly journals Efficiency of final irrigation of root canal in removal of smear layer

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 482-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Mitic ◽  
Nadica Mitic ◽  
Slavoljub Zivkovic ◽  
Goran Tosic ◽  
Vojin Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Irrigation Solution

Introduction A smear layer forms on the root canal walls as the consequence of root instrumentation. The smear layer formed in such a way considerably influences the quality of root obturation and endodontic treatment outcome. Objective The aim of this study was to ultrastructurally analyze the surface of intracanal dentine after removal of the smear layer by the solution of doxycycline, citric acid and detergent Tween-80 (MTAD). Methods The study involved 60 single-rooted, extracted, human teeth divided into four groups. All samples were instrumented by a step-back technique and manual K-files, and rinsed during instrumentation by 2% CHX and H2O2. The first group of samples was exclusively rinsed by CHX and H2O2; in the second group, besides using CHX and H2O2, MTAD solution was used for the final irrigation. The samples which were rinsed by distilled water (+ control) and the samples rinsed by 5.25% NaOCl and 17% Na EDTA (-control) served as control groups. All samples were observed under the scanning electronic microscope JEOL-JSM-5300. The coronary, middle and apex thirds of the radix region were analyzed. Results The obtained results of the SEM analysis showed that the application of 2% chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide did not give clear dentine walls, and the smear layer could not be removed completely. The application of the same combination (CHX and H2O2), added by the final MTAD irrigation solution, led to the efficient removal of the smear layer, while the morphological structure of dentine surface remained unchanged. Statistical analysis showed that canal walls in the experimental group with MTAD as the final irrigation were significantly clearer compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that MTAD is an efficient solution for the final irrigation of the canal system.

scholarly journals The effect of different irrigation techniques on the quality of cleaning of root canal walls

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Violeta Pavlovic ◽  
Slavoljub Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To evaluate the effect of irrigation techniques, i.e. different types of irrigation needles, on the quality of cleaning of root canal walls using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and Method: The study was conducted on 16 extracted, single-rooted, human teeth. The samples were allocated to two experimental groups depending on the type of the irrigation needle. Conventional needles were used for the irrigation of Group I and laterally perforated ones for Group II. All root canals were instrumented using K files and the Step-back technique. During instrumentation, all samples were irrigated with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution followed by final irrigation with 17 % EDTA for 1 min. After that, all samples were irrigated with 10 ml of distilled water. The roots were, then, sectioned longitudinally and middle one third of each root canal was analyzed using SEM. Quantitative analysis was based on criteria by H?lsmann et al. Results: The obtained results showed that the more efficient removal of debris and the smear layer was accomplished in the group of samples irrigated using laterally perforated needles than conventional needles. The difference between the investigated irrigation techniques were statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of laterally perforated needles for irrigation allows more efficient cleaning of root canal walls, i.e. the removal of debris and the smear layer.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ROOT CANAL PREPARATION WITH DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1148
Author(s):  
Maryna A. Goray ◽  
Nataliia G. Gadzhula ◽  
Olena V. Muntian ◽  
Olena L. Cherepakha ◽  
Larysa F. Kurdysh
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Universal Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Dentine Surface ◽  
Apical Area

The aim: To compare the quality of root canal system preparation with the use of manual K-files, machine Protaper Universal and Silk files by in vitro studies. Materials and methods: Root canals preparation in 45 extracted premolars was performed in three groups with 15 teeth in each with K-files, Protaper Universal and Silk files. Transverse sections of the dental root were prepared. Histologically were assessed: amount of sawdust and predentin remaining, the purity degree of root canal walls. Results: When calculating the sawdust amount at the distance of 3 mm from an apex, a high degree of contamination was observed in the manual K-file group: 53.3% versus 33.3% in the Protaper Universal group and against 20.0% in the Silk file group. The amount of predentin after root canal treatment with manual files reached 25-30%. At the distance of 5 mm from the apex the root canals with high and medium purity degree were detected in 86.7% with Silk files and 80.0% with Protaper Universal files used. All predentin was removed when working with Protaper Universal and Silk files. Conclusions: In the histological sections of the root canals treated with K-files, the larger amount of dentine particles and predentin has been revealed than when using machine tools. The largest amount of predentin and dentine were removed with Protaper Universal files. Silk endodontic system is better for treatment of the root canals dentine surface in the apical area compared to Protaper Universal and K-files.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1035
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Vallikanthan ◽  
K Balakoti Reddy ◽  
Shreemoy Dash ◽  
Sowmya Kallepalli ◽  
N Chakrapani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy

ABSTRACT Objectives The present study was conducted to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of hand and two NiTi rotary instrumentation systems (K3 and ProTaper). Materials and methods Sixty single rooted human maxillary anterior teeth decoronated at the cementoenamel junction were used. All the specimens were divided into four groups of 15 teeth each, group I—ProTaper rotary instrumentation done, group II—K3 rotary instrumentation done, group III—Stainless steel K-file instrumentation done, group IV—root canal irrigation without instrumentation. Root canal preparation was done in a crown down manner and 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigant after each file followed by final rinse with 5 ml of 17% EDTA solution, then specimens were scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination. Results Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's HSD test. Group I showed highly statistical significant difference compared to other groups. There was no statistically significant difference considering smear layer at any levels among the groups with no smear layer formation in group IV. Conclusion ProTaper rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by K3 rotary instrumentation in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canal. Clinical significance ProTaper rotary instruments are more efficient than hand and K3 rotary instruments during root canal treatment. How to cite this article Reddy KB, Dash S, Kallepalli S, Vallikanthan S, Chakrapani N, Kalepu V. A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1028-1035.

scholarly journals Smear layer removal capacity of disinfectant solutions used with and without EDTA for the irrigation of canals: a SEM study

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Silveira Cardoso de Menezes ◽  
Caio Gorgulho Zanet ◽  
Márcia Carneiro Valera
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Group 5

The purpose of this study was to carry out a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the cleaning qualities and smear layer removal from root canal walls, instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, 2.0% chlorhexidine and saline solutions. Fifty extracted teeth were used in this study. All teeth were radiographed to determine the existence of a single canal. The crowns were cut at the cervical limit and the root canals were instrumented with K-type files up to size 45. During root canal preparation, irrigations were made with the different solutions being evaluated: Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl (10 roots); Group 2: 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA for 2 minute (10 roots); Group 3: 2.0% chlorhexidine (10 roots); Group 4: 2.0% chlorhexidine and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes (10 roots); Group 5: saline solution (5 roots); Group 6: saline solution and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes (5 roots). After instrumentation, the canals were irrigated with each one of the solutions and the roots were cut in the buccolingual direction for SEM analysis, at the cervical, middle and apical thirds, to ascertain the presence or absence of smear layer and debris. SEM analysis was performed by three calibrated examiners and scores were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test at the significance level of p = 5%. Results showed that the use of 17% EDTA decreased the smear layer significantly (p < 0.05) for all evaluated solutions in all thirds. When EDTA was not used, a significantly higher quantity of smear layer on the apical third was observed only in the NaOCl groups. The use of 17% EDTA was significant for debris removal except for the chlorhexidine groups. The following conclusion could be drawn: the use of 17% EDTA was necessary to enhance cleanness of the root canals.

scholarly journals Comparison of Effectiveness of Endoxal and Endosal in Removal of Smear Layer from Root Canal Dentine Surface: A SEM Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kot ◽  
Alicja Nowicka ◽  
Przemysław Reszka ◽  
Agnieszka Droździk ◽  
Mariusz Lipski
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Comparison Of Effectiveness ◽  
Dentine Surface

scholarly journals The Effect of Root Canal Taper on the Removal of Smear Layer Using Different Irrigating Solutions: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Atul Jain ◽  
Sonal Sinha ◽  
Rachana Bahuguna ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Raju Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of taper and different irrigating agents on the cleanliness of root canal. Materials & Methods: 45 extracted mandibular premolars were divided into three groups, according to the taper produced, 2%, 4% and 6% with Hero Shaper files respectively, which were further divided into subgroups, according to the irrigation regime followed. The teeth were split and subjected to SEM analysis. Results: The results showed that the canals prepared to a taper of 6% and irrigated with 5.2% NaOCl and 25% Citric acid had less debris and smear layer, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that a taper of 6% facilitates irrigant delivery in the canal and 25% Citric acid is more potent demineralising agent than 17% EDTA.

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