scholarly journals Adaptive algorithm for mobile user positioning based on environment estimation

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476
Author(s):  
Darko Grujovic ◽  
Mirjana Simic
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Positioning Method

This paper analyzes the challenges to realize an infrastructure independent and a low-cost positioning method in cellular networks based on RSS (Received Signal Strength) parameter, auxiliary timing parameter and environment estimation. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated using field measurements collected from GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) network, but it is technology independent and can be applied in UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems) and LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks, also.

An Overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

2015 ◽  
pp. 6122-6131
Author(s):  
Elisavet Grigoriou ◽  
Periklis Chatzimisios
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
3Gpp Long Term Evolution

The purpose of the current chapter is the presentation of the basic characteristics of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. With the rapid dispatch of LTE deployments and the upgraded mobile user experience that it delivers, LTE is clearly emerging as a successful technology for mobile communications. LTE features a simplified network architecture, higher performance and lower cost per bit. This chapter indicates the main characteristics and developments of LTE and a part is devoted mainly to system architecture. Furthermore, a description of the standardization process within 3GPP is provided. We will also introduce Release 10 (LTE Advanced), one of the leading technologies for next-generation mobile broadband. Currently 3GPP is in the closing stage of LTE Release 11. Thus, we will also perform a comprehensive comparison between the two Releases. Finally, an important issue that will be mentioned is the interworking of LTE with other technologies. The presented information will help readers to understand how LTE has evolved and the functionality of 3GPP technologies.

scholarly journals Optimization of LTE Network Coverage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Yanbo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Lte Network ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
High Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Mobile Communication Technology ◽  
New Generation

The trend of mobile, broadband and IP is becoming more and more prominent. Mobile communication technology is now in acritical period in the evolution of network technology. As such, LTE (Long Term Evolution) comes to light. LTE serves as a unified standardfor the new generation of mobile communications, equipped with high spectral efficiency, high peak rate, high mobility, flat networkarchitecture and other advantages. Huawei has played a very important role in the commercialization of LTE. As a sponsor of NGMN,Huawei has been actively involved in the research of some key projects of NGMN, such as network self-optimization, system architectureand Network performance evaluation and so on. This paper mainly introduces the problems encountered in the optimization of LTEnetwork coverage, the practical problems encountered by the LTE project team in Qingdao and the analysis and solutions to the problems.At the same time, this paper discusses in detail on the LTE network optimization process.

scholarly journals High Speed Mobility Management Performance in a Real LTE Scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5175-5179
Author(s):  
A. A. M. K. Abuelgasim ◽  
K. M. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Seamless Connectivity ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Network Technologies

This paper discusses the mobility management for high-speed users, which is a crucial challenge for all mobile operators, especially when users are moving vertically across different network technologies. Mobility, also known as seamless connectivity, is directly influencing the quality of service (QoS). Mobility management-Handover (HO) performance was evaluated by field measurements of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network of a mobile operator in the Middle East. Drive test measurements were used to analyze the results of different high-speed scenarios. User Equipment (UE) with high speed of 80-140km/h causes a high risk of failure of seamless connectivity as the HO procedure timing is longer than for UE with smaller speed. HO failure and call drop may occur when UE is moving with high speed across two adjacent cells in highways. During measurements, HO failure occurred when UE speed was 140km/h, and HO preparation timing increased when UE speed increased.

Compact long‐term evolution antenna for automotive mobile communications

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 3564-3570
Author(s):  
Guifeng Liu ◽  
Biao Du ◽  
Yingran He ◽  
Yang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Term Evolution

scholarly journals Capillary transport in paper porous materials at low saturation levels: normal, fast or superfast?

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2244) ◽  
pp. 20200488
Author(s):  
Alex V. Lukyanov ◽  
Vladimir V. Mitkin ◽  
Tristan Pryer ◽  
Penpark Sirimark ◽  
Theo G. Theofanous
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Capillary Transport ◽  
Liquid Saturation ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Theoretical Results

The problem of capillary transport in fibrous porous materials at low levels of liquid saturation has been addressed. It has been demonstrated that the process of liquid spreading in this type of porous material at low saturation can be described macroscopically by a similar super-fast, nonlinear diffusion model to that which had been previously identified in experiments and simulations in particulate porous media. The macroscopic diffusion model has been underpinned by simulations using a microscopic network model. The theoretical results have been qualitatively compared with available experimental observations within the witness card technique using persistent liquids. The long-term evolution of the wetting spots was found to be truly universal and fully in line with the mathematical model developed. The result has important repercussions for the witness card technique used in field measurements of the dissemination of various low-volatility agents in imposing severe restrictions on collection and measurement times.

scholarly journals User Content Delivery Service for Efficient POMA based LTE Channel Spectrum Scheduling Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Keyword(s):  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Level ◽  
User Content

Currently Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technologies are developing with an advanced network content delivery infrastructure sharing capabilities for different users and operators. Therefore, an efficient open-infrastructure of Position-orthogonal multiple access (POMA) based LTE networks with the content delivery capability is crucial to design and implement at this stage of research in LTE area. In this paper, the main contribution is the design and implementation of such LTE networks users open-infrastructure to enable the content delivery and sharing capabilities to be performed in virtual iterative precoding architectures. The proposed user content delivery infrastructure enables this service and sharing to the components of LTE architecture. A channel spectrum scheduling algorithm has been implemented through validation with test level experiments conducted to estimate the compatibility of LTE infrastructure virtualization in proposed open-infrastructure. The impact and scope of the proposed algorithm service can make the operational cost of the LTE mobile user to reduce

scholarly journals Low costs of adaptation to dietary restriction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Z. Moger-Reischer ◽  
Elizabeth V. Snider ◽  
Kelsey L. McKenzie ◽  
Jay T. Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Low Costs

ABSTRACTDietary restriction (DR) is the most successful and widespread means of extending organismal lifespan. However, the evolutionary basis of life extension under DR remains uncertain. The traditional evolutionary explanation is that when organisms experience DR, they allocate endogenous resources to survival and postpone reproduction until conditions improve. However, this life-extension strategy should be maladaptive if DR continues for multiple generations due to tradeoffs between longevity and reproduction. To test this prediction, we subjected the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 1,800 generations of evolution on restricted (i.e., DR) vs. non-restricted diets. Adaptation to a non-restricted diet improved reproductive fitness by 57% on that diet, but provided a much smaller (14%) advantage on a restricted diet. In contrast, adaptation to DR resulted in an approximately 35% increase in reproductive fitness on both restricted and non-restricted diets. Importantly, the life-extending effect of DR did not decrease following long-term evolution on the restricted diet. Thus, contrary to theoretical expectations, we found no evidence that the life-extending DR response became maladaptive during multigenerational DR. Our results suggest the DR response may have a low cost and that this phenomenon may have evolved for reasons that extend beyond the benefits of postponing reproduction.

scholarly journals Low costs of adaptation to dietary restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 20200008
Author(s):  
Roy Z. Moger-Reischer ◽  
Elizabeth V. Snider ◽  
Kelsey L. McKenzie ◽  
Jay T. Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Low Costs

Dietary restriction (DR) is the most successful and widespread means of extending organismal lifespan. However, the evolutionary basis of life extension under DR remains uncertain. The traditional evolutionary explanation is that when organisms experience DR, they allocate endogenous resources to survival and postpone reproduction until conditions improve. However, this life-extension strategy should be maladaptive if DR continues for multiple generations due to trade-offs between longevity and reproduction. To test this prediction, we subjected the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 1800 generations of evolution on restricted versus non-restricted diets. Adaptation to a non-restricted diet improved reproductive fitness by 57%, but provided a much smaller (14%) advantage on a restricted diet. By contrast, adaptation to DR resulted in an approximately 35% increase in reproductive fitness on both restricted and non-restricted diets. Importantly, the life-extending effect of DR did not decrease following long-term evolution on the restricted diet. Thus, contrary to theoretical expectations, we found no evidence that the life-extending DR response became maladaptive during multigenerational DR. Together, our results suggest that the DR response has a low cost and that this phenomenon may have evolved as part of a generalist strategy that extends beyond the benefits of postponing reproduction.

scholarly journals In-flight calibration of double-probe electric field measurements on Cluster

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Khotyaintsev ◽  
P.-A. Lindqvist ◽  
C. M. Cully ◽  
A. I. Eriksson ◽  
M. André
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Double Probe ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Electric Field Measurements ◽  
Electric Field Instrument

Abstract. Double-probe electric field instrument with long wire booms is one of the most popular techniques for in situ measurement of electric fields in plasmas on spinning spacecraft platforms, which have been employed on a large number of space missions. Here we present an overview of the calibration procedure used for the Electric Field and Wave (EFW) instrument on Cluster, which involves spin fits of the data and correction of several offsets. We also describe the procedure for the offset determination and present results for the long-term evolution of the offsets.

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