scholarly journals The investigation of the function of the central courtyard in moderating the harsh environmental conditions of a hot and dry climate (Case study: City of Yazd, Iran)

Spatium ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zarei ◽  
Seyyed Ashkezari ◽  
Mehrdad Yari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Residential Architecture ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Extreme Winds ◽  
The Impact

As one of the arid areas of Iran, Yazd is always exposed to extreme winds with dust and shifting sands. Therefore, the architectural principles in the residential architecture of the city need be adapted to such environmental conditions in order to minimize the influence of the severe winds on the interior spaces. This study investigates the influence of storms on the interior space of the central courtyards in Yazd, constructed during the Muzaffarid, Safavid and Qajar periods using CFD simulation. Three-dimensional models were prepared via Gambit software and studied in Fluent software. The wind speed entering the computing field was equal to 26.4m/s and the Dutch wind nuisance standard NEN 8100 was applied as the comfort criterion. The results showed a relationship between the extent of the central courtyard and the impact of severe storms on it, since an increase in the area of the courtyard provides enough space for the wind flow and move around it. This feature reaches its climax if the length to height proportion increases, as the wind brings the shifting sands into large courtyards, therefore, the architects tried to provide better conditions by creating microclimates.

scholarly journals A synthetic cervix model and the impact of softness on cerclage integrity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Baumer ◽  
Alexis C. Gimovsky ◽  
Michael Gallagher ◽  
Megan C. Leftwich
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Short Cervix ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Second Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Typical Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Impact

Cervical insufficiency is a medical condition of pregnancy which causes the cervix to soften, shorten and dilate before full term, typically between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation, such that a preterm birth occurs. It is a common cause of second trimester pregnancy loss. Before meeting the diagnostic criteria, a patient that experiences early cervical remodelling or the development of a short cervix may receive surgical intervention. Once detected, the typical treatment is a cerclage procedure (a purse string suture to close the cervix) and progesterone medication. There are conflicting studies on the efficacy of the cerclage procedure, with conclusions drawn from clinical evidence as opposed to mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to understand the mechanical limitations of the cerclage procedure. Working with physicians at George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, we created generalized three dimensional models of the cervix from ultrasound images. To fabricate the synthetic cervices, we used a silicone rubber to mimic the qualitative feel of the cervix according to collaborating physicians. Using this qualitative information, we performed material testing for quantitative analysis. The synthetic cervices were then sutured using clinical techniques. The maximum force required for the synthetic tissue to rupture due to the cerclage stitch was recorded. The impact of material softness on the integrity of the cerclage is investigated.

scholarly journals Person-centred mental health care: the challenge of implementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gask ◽  
P. Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Within mental health care, ‘person-centredness’ has been generally interpreted to convey a holistic approach with an attitude of respect for the individual and his/her unique experience and needs. Although it has been possible to demonstrate that professionals can acquire such skills through training, the impact on clinical outcomes has been more difficult to demonstrate in randomized controlled trials. Indeed what is becoming increasingly apparent in the literature is the need to acknowledge and address the degree of complexity that exists within the health care system that militates against achieving satisfactory implementation and outcomes from person-centred mental health care. In addressing this, we must develop and work with more sophisticated and three-dimensional models of ‘patient-centredness’ that engage with not only what happens in the consulting room (the relationship between individual service users and healthcare professionals), but also addresses the problems involved in achieving person-centredness through modifying the way that services and organizations work, and finally by engaging families and communities in the delivery of health care. A truly meaningful concept of ‘people-centredness’ encompasses how the views of the population are taken into consideration not only in healthcare but also in health and social care policy, and wider society too.

The Numerical Simulation Study of the Cone Hindered Settling Hydro-Sizer Based on CFD

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2340-2344
Author(s):  
Fei Yue Wang ◽  
Yi Shun Zhang ◽  
Chang Liang Shi ◽  
Yuan Yang Liu ◽  
Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Hindered Settling ◽  
Flow Field Characteristics ◽  
Fluent Software

This paper use CFD software for geometric modeling and structural mesh for the Cone Hindered Settling Hydro-sizer and then apply the Fluent software for three-dimensional CFD simulation. Using RNG K-ε two-equation turbulence model and Swirl Dominated Flow model respectively, and the top speed of different feeding liquid two-phase flow of water under medium CFD numerical simulation results grader internal flow field characteristics.

scholarly journals Features of modeling the system of turbine unit with a variable contact zone of its stator parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Krasnikov
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Vibration Displacement ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Impact

AbstractModeling of stator parts of power units of thermal and nuclear power plants is carried out according to several standard schemes. Common methods of modeling systems with non-uniform and non-stationary contact of stator elements lead to significant errors in calculating the amplitudes of forced vibration displacement at a given external load. The object of this paper is to analyze errors in calculating the displacement amplitudes of forced oscillations in different modeling schemes according to the standard approach and developing a method for constructing a quasi-dynamic model taking into account the time-varying contact of the system’s stator parts as well as other factors. To do this, the author has developed a series of models with different degrees of sampling and considering different system factors. Particular attention is paid to the impact of factors arising from the long operation of the power plant (subsidence of foundation). The modeling was carried out taking into account the calculation method. The finite element method was used to perform calculations. The results of the calculation of forced oscillation displacement amplitudes are available to show the areas of application of different types of three-dimensional models of the steam power unit. The results of research conducted on the developed models show the impossibility of using standard simulation schemes for systems with a variable contact between its stator elements, as shown by the example of a power unit with steam turbine. The efficiency of using the models taking into account the variable contact between the stator parts and other factors to calculate the displacement amplitudes of the forced oscillations with high accuracy is likewise presented. Every specialist should be aware of the factors that influence the research results. This paper is concerned with assessment of the influence of a number of factors on the results of calculating the vibrations of a complex mechanical system.

3D CFD Simulation of Water Hammer Through a 90° Bend: Applicability of URANS, 3D Effects and Unsteady Friction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Riedelmeier ◽  
Stefan Becker ◽  
Eberhard Schlücker
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Velocity Gradients ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
The Impact

In most cases, the method of characteristics is used to calculate the propagation of water hammer in hydraulic systems due to the size of those pipings, although three-dimensional effects are known to occur. In order to investigate and quantify these effects, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation of water hammer through a bend geometry was performed. For the resolution of the developing high spatial and temporal gradients an adequate mesh and suitable physical model was generated using a commercial code. The applicability of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation was evaluated considering the turbulent properties of the flow using results from the literature. Furthermore velocity, pressure, wall shear stress and vorticity distributions are presented. The effect of the 90° bend as three-dimensional element was identified and the impact on the flow field is presented. In the end, the annular effect is discussed. Due to the high forces of inertia in the boundary layer and the dominating viscous forces close to the wall, high velocity gradients are developing resulting in high wall shear stresses. It is shown that the viscous and turbulent transport of momentum in the radial direction reduces these velocity gradients and limits the maximum occurring wall shear stress.

Global Structural Response of an SMR Reactor Subjected to an Aircraft Impact

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Lo Frano ◽  
Giuseppe Forasassi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Reactor Building ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Impact

Although a 11 September 2001-style vicious attack on a nuclear power plant is considered as ‘beyond design basis’ event, an appropriate design of the nuclear facilities, with features and functional capabilities, is of meaningful importance to demonstrate that the reactor containment could safely withstand the impact of a large commercial aircraft without any radioactive release. This paper deals with the evaluation of the global structural response and of the vulnerability of a reactor building subjected to a deliberate commercial aircraft impact in the assumption of an attack from multiple entry directions. In this framework, separately from penetration and fire, the ‘shock’ loadings due to the progressive aircraft crashing on the power plant buildings were evaluated, taking into account that even if such penetration occurred, together with some concrete crushing and bent steel rebars, it very probably would not reach the reactor vessel. To the purpose a rather refined numerical methodology was employed and three-dimensional models (FEM approach) of a SMR reactor building and possible realistic, even if simplified, aircraft structures were set up and used in the performed analyses, taking also into account a suitable materials behaviour and constitutive laws. The analysis was performed increasing the severity of the crash scenario, assuming that the during the impact the aircraft transfers the full impact energy of the crash to the structure being struck. The obtained results were analysed to check the additional safety margin of the reactor containment and the fuel pool.

Effects of interior wood finishes on the lighting ambiance and materiality of architectural spaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Jafarian ◽  
Claude M.H. Demers ◽  
Pierre Blanchet ◽  
Veronic Laundry
Keyword(s):  
Cape Cod ◽  
Colour Space ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Scaled Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neutral Colour ◽  
Selection Of

Wood is a material often used by architects to enhance the overall ambience of a space, but few researches have been reported to discuss its actual impact on visual impression and luminous effects. This research studies the influence of wood materiality in relation to creating specific lighting ambiances in architecture. In particular, it focuses on the impact of decorative wood indoor panels on the creation of daylighting diversity in interior space and the potential to improve daylighting quality and energy efficiency. The research uses scaled models for their accuracy in rendering complex daylighting ambiances. The photo-luminance meter enables the comparison between different settings of interior spaces created by a selection of wood type materiality: ratio (percentage), colour (Oak, Cape Cod Grey and Dark Walnut coatings) and gloss concerning illuminance patterns obtained from Ecotect software. The CIE L*a*b* colour space is used to classify luminous ambiances. Results indicate that bright colour Oak favours a deeper daylighting penetration and increases the colour temperature of the space by about 300% when applied on the floor. Cape Cod Grey coating provided a neutral colour balance even under sunlighting. High gloss Dark Walnut located on the ceiling produces the highest luminance values, enlarging the window-lighting pattern. The research underlines the role of wood materiality in achieving luminous diversity and creating visually comfortable interior ambiances.

scholarly journals INFOGRAPHIC MODELING BASED ON 3D LASER SURVEYING FOR INFORMED <i>UNIVERSAL DESIGN</i> IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS: THE CASE OF OPPIDUM OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF TUSCULUM

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W2 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
L. Cemoli ◽  
S. D’Auria ◽  
F. De Silla ◽  
S. Pucci ◽  
R. M. Strollo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Archaeological Areas ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
The Impact

The valorisation of archaeological sites represents a fundamental action for the social and economic development of a country. An archaeological park is often a territory characterized by significant testimonies of antiquity of great landscape value. For this reason, it should be configured as an authentic outdoor museum, enriched by natural, environmental, architectural and urban components. In order to fulfill these requirements, it is fundamental the elaboration of a coherent scientific project of preservation, fruition and valorisation of the area, which merge the different components necessary for the establishment of an archaeological museum-park.<br><br> One of the most critical aspects related to the fruition of archaeological sites is the accessibility to areas and routes, not always – if ever – designed for people with reduced mobility, also temporary (for example elderly, obese, visually impaired, etc.). In general, an established principle used in the new design is to pay attention to the so-called wide users, in accordance with the international guidelines summarized in the concept of Universal Design. In particular, this paper presents the use of three-dimensional models obtained from laser scanning surveys for the design of walking trails for people with reduced mobility in the Tusculum Archaeological-Cultural Park.<br><br> The work was based on the fundamental implementation of the three-dimensional survey with terrestrial laser scanning for the construction and the control of the complex morphology of the site, and on the subsequent integration of models of the intervention in the three-dimensional reality "as-built" of the site. The obtained infographic model allowed to study and simulate the impact of the routes for people with reduced mobility, and to verify its efficiency in the historical and landscape context. Moreover, it was possible to verify the construction of other facilities in the real conditions of the site.

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