scholarly journals Reduction of carbon monoxide emission from a solid-fuel thermo-accumulation furnace

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Dragoljub Dakic ◽  
Srdjan Belosevic ◽  
Rastko Mladenovic ◽  
Milijana Paprika ◽  
Dejan Djurovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission

Many households in Serbia, using electric thermo-accumulation furnaces for heating, have been forced to find an alternative solution, due to a significant increase in electricity prices during the last decade. A possible solution is replacing electric heating appliances with the solid fuel-fired ones. A prototype of a new concept of thermo-accumulation solid fuel-fired furnace has been developed to meet these growing needs, providing electricity saving together with considerable environmental benefits. Two strategies for reduction of carbon monoxide emission are examined in the paper: application of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, in the form of 3 ? 0.3 mm spheres, providing further combustion of flue gases within the furnace, as well as an additional emission reduction by means of the air excess control. Experimental investigations of the catalyst influence on the conversion of carbon monoxide have been done for different operation regimes and positions of the catalyst. The paper presents selected results regarding carbon monoxide emission during wood and coal combustion. Investigations suggest a considerable effect of the catalyst and a strong influence of the catalyst position within the furnace to carbon monoxide emission reduction. In addition, experimental tests have been conducted to asses the effect of the air excess control in the furnace on carbon monoxide emission. The amount of combustion air, the flue gas flow rate, and the fuel feeding regime have been adjusted in order to keep the flue gas oxygen content in a relatively narrow range, thus obtaining controlled combustion conditions and lower carbon monoxide emission. In this way, the furnace has been made able to respond to the changes in heating needs, fuel quality and other parameters, which is advantageous in comparison with similar solid-fuel fired furnaces. .

Numerical Prediction of Erosion of Mild Steel Surfaces by Boiler Fly Ash Particles

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Mbabazi ◽  
Thomas J. Sheer
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Steel Surfaces

Fly ash particles entrained in the flue gas from boiler furnaces in coal-fired power stations can cause serious erosive wear on steel surfaces along the downstream flow path. This paper describes research into fly ash impingement erosion on such surfaces, with particular reference to the heat transfer plates in rotary regenerative air heaters. The effect of the ash particle impact velocity and impact angle on the erosive wear of mild steel surfaces was determined through experimental investigations, using three different power station ash types. The experimental data were used to calibrate a fundamentally-derived model for the prediction of erosion rates. This erosion model was incorporated into a particle-tracking CFD flow simulation of the ash-laden flue gas flow through the complex channels between corrugated air heater plates. The predicted erosion rates were compared with measured erosion rates obtained using a large accelerated-erosion test facility located at a power station. Good agreement was obtained, the predictions generally being within 20 percent of the measured values.

scholarly journals Converting Biomass and Waste Plastic to Solid Fuel Briquettes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zannikos ◽  
S. Kalligeros ◽  
G. Anastopoulos ◽  
E. Lois
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission ◽  
Different Sources

This work examines the production of briquettes for household use from biomass in combination with plastic materials from different sources. Additionally, the combustion characteristics of the briquettes in a common open fireplace were studied. It is clear that the geometry of the briquettes has no influence on the smoke emissions. When the briquettes have a small amount of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the behavior in the combustion is steadier because of the increase of oxygen supply. The smoke levels are between the 3rd and 4th grades of the smoke number scale. Measuring the carbon monoxide emission, it was observed that the burning of the plastic in the mixture with biomass increases the carbon monoxide emissions from 10% to 30% as compared to carbon monoxide emission from sawdust biomass emissions which was used as a reference.

AIR POLLUTION BURNING DIFFERENT KINDS OF WOOD IN SMALL POWER BOILERS/APLINKOS ORO TARŠA DEGINANT SKIRTINGAS MEDIENOS KURO RŪŠIS MAŽO GALINGUMO KATILUOSE/ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ВОЗДУХА ГАЗОВЫМИ ВЫБРОСАМИ ПРИ СЖИГАНИИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ДРЕВЕСНОГО ТОПЛИВА В КOТЛAX НEБOЛЬШOЙ МOЩНOCТИ

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Gimbutaitė ◽  
Zenonas Venckus
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
Measurement Spot

Experimental investigations have been performed, during which different kinds of wood have been burnt (firewood, wood granules, wood briquettes, sawdust) with the aim to determine the quantities of gases emitted in the air. For the investigation a water boiler burnt by solid fuel with a nominal capacity of 20 kW was applied. For testing gas analyser Testo‐350 was used to measure the quantity of gas dispersed into the air (in carbon monoxide ‐ CO and nitrogen oxides ‐NOx smoke, the quantity of oxygen ‐ O2, the smoke temperature of concentrations in the measurement spot). The quantities of harmful gaseous materials have been measured burning different kinds of wood. The smallest quantities of gaseous materials have been obtained in the process of burning wood granules. The possibility to regulate the combustion process diminishes the gas emission. Santrauka Eksperimentiniu tyrimu metu buvo deginamas ivairiu rūšiu medienos kuras ‐ malkos, granules, briketai ir pjuvenos, siekiant nustatyti degimo metu i aplinkos ora išsiskiriančiu duju kiekius. Tyrimams naudotas kietojo kuro vandens šildymo katilas, skirtas ivairioms patalpoms šildyti, kurio nominalusis galingumas 20 kW. Bandymo metu duju analizatoriumi Testo‐350 išmatuotos degimo metu i aplinkos ora išsiskiriančiu duju ‐ anglies monoksido (CO), azoto oksidu (NOx) koncentracijos dūmuose, deguonies (O2) kiekis, taip pat dūmu temperatūra koncentraciju matavimo vietoje. Išanalizuoti išsiskyrusiu degimo metu dujiniu teršalu kiekiai deginant skirtingas medienos kuro rūšis. Mažiausiai dujiniu medžiagu, palyginti su kitomis medienos kuro rūšimis, susidaro deginant granules. Galimybe reguliuoti granuliu degimo procesa sumažina išmetamu duju kieki. Резюме Проведены экспериментальные исследования сжигания различных видов древесного топлива – дров, гранул, брикетов, опилок – с целью установить количество попадающих в атмосферу газовых выбросов, образующихся во время сжигания. Для эксперимента использован водяной котел, подогреваемый твердым топливом. Мощность котла – 20 kW. Газовые выбросы, попадающие в атмосферу в процессе горения, измерялись газовым анализатором Testo-350. Установлены концентрации CO и NOx в дымовом потоке, количество O2 , температура дыма в местах измерения концентраций. Проанализированы количественные показатели газовых выбросов, образовавшихся при сжигании различных видов древесины. Наименьшее количество газовых выбросов по сравнению с другими видами древесного топлива образуется при сжигании древесных гранул. Возможность регулировать процесс сжигания гранул уменьшает эмисcию газов.

Smart control strategy for effective hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission reduction on a conventional diesel engine using the pooled impact of pre-and post-combustion techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 127310
Author(s):  
Nadana Kumar Vinayagam ◽  
Anh Tuan Hoang ◽  
Jenoris Muthiya Solomon ◽  
Mohankumar Subramaniam ◽  
Dhinesh Balasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission ◽  
Smart Control

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of a Carbon Monoxide Boiler

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwu Tang ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Chenn Q. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Simulation And Optimization

Carbon monoxide (CO) boilers play an important role in the petroleum refining industry, completing the combustion of CO in the flue gas generated by the regeneration of fluidized cracking catalyst. The heat released by the CO combustion is used to generate steam for use in the refinery. The flue gas flow path can have a significant effect on the thermal efficiency and operation safety of the boiler. In this paper, a CO boiler which had been experiencing low thermal efficiency and high operation risks was studied. A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed with detailed description on the combustion process, flow characteristics and heat transfer. The results obtained from the model have good agreement with the plant measurement data. The heat transfer between the tubes and the combustion flue gas was optimized by adding a checker wall.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers Performance Test Code 34 – ASME PTC 34, Waste Combustors With Energy Recovery: What Is PTC 34 and How Can It Help You?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Deduck ◽  
Lambert Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Acceptance Testing ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Normal Ranges

ASME PTC 34 is a test procedure for determining the thermal capacity and thermal efficiency of systems (typically boilers) combusting waste fuels (typically Municipal Solid Waste - MSW) and for determining the higher heating value (HHV) of those waste fuels. The basis of the procedure is more commonly known as the “boiler-as-a-calorimeter” method. The need for PTC 34 arose from the difficulties in obtaining representative samples and accurate fuel analyses using traditional laboratory methods such as a “bomb calorimeter”. Unsuccessful attempts were made to come up with a larger “bomb calorimeter”, so a committee was formed to create PTC 34 which was published in 2007. ASME PTC 34 is firmly based on the widely accepted boiler test code, ASME PTC 4 – “Fired Steam Generators”, but has several different challenges in having to measure the relatively difficult parameters of flue gas flow and moisture and fuel and ash quantities. As a result, the uncertainty of PTC 34 is higher. However, the philosophy of correcting results to standard, contract or reference fuel analysis is the same in PTC 4 and PTC 34. So, an industry approved Code for acceptance testing is available to the Energy-from-Waste industry. ASME PTC 34 can be used in several ways depending on the analysis time period. It can be used for typical short-term, i.e. 8-hour, performance or acceptance tests, again with the ability to correct to reference fuel analyses. Alternatively, multiple “samples” of fuel HHV can be obtained using PTC 34. With the test data and HHV results, accurate correlations can then be generated to be able to make adjustments for varying fuel conditions in longer term, i.e. 7-day, throughput capacity testing. The 8-hour HHV determinations can also be used to validate or even calibrate correlations used over the life of a waste combustor as operating parameters stray from their normal ranges. Taken to the extreme, PTC 34 can be used as a basis for near-real-time monitoring of fuel quality or possibly combustion control. Recent developments of laser-based flue gas moisture instruments and the economizer heat balance method for determining flue gas flow make this leap possible. The goals of this paper are to make the industry more aware of ASME PTC 34 and the guidance it contains on making the difficult measurements, to promote its use as a standard in the industry and to instill confidence in the time-tested and accepted process of making corrections to test results for off-design fuel characteristics.

FLUE GAS PURIFICATION FROM SULFUR OXIDES AND ASH DURING SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION IN LOW-POWER BOILERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-374
Author(s):  
S. V. Plashykhin ◽  
T. V. Bojko ◽  
D. N. Skladannyy ◽  
Ju. A. Zaporozhets ◽  
Artem S. Safiants
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Sulfur Oxides ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Solid Fuel Combustion ◽  
Flue Gas Purification
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