scholarly journals Ovarian surface epithelium of hypothyroid newborn and neonatal rats: From proliferating cell nuclear antigen and caspase-3 perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Anita Radovanovic ◽  
Milica Kovacevic-Filipovic ◽  
Ivan Milosevic ◽  
Tijana Luzajic ◽  
Stefan Velickovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Ovarian Surface ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Proliferating Cell

Introduction. The ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) undergoes intensive regeneration and remodeling after each ovulation during the whole reproductive period. This process increases the risk of one of the most common ovarian tumors in women and the female dog. Considering the fact that maternal hypothyroidism highly impacts cell proliferation and cell death during folliculogenesis in the early neonatal period, we aimed to analyze its effect on OSE morphology and dynamics. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on newborn (24-h-old) and neonatal (4-day-old) female rats, a randomized trial between the control and hypothyroid groups, born under controlled circumstances and hypothyroid mothers, respectively. Their ovaries were analyzed histologically and processed to determine the OSE cell height as an average value of four measurement points. Also, the immunopositivity of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 were assessed semiquantitatively. Results and Conclusions. No major structural differences of OSE were found between groups within the given ages except for a slight increment of OSE cell height and incompleteness of apical cell membrane with cytoplasmic projections in hypothyroid animals. PCNA immunopositivity of the OSE cells was higher in ovaries of hypothyroid animals of both ages in comparison to the controls. Moreover, only scarce OSE cells were caspase-3 positive in both groups and ages, with no difference in immunopositivity. Our study confirms the impact of hypothyroidism in the early postnatal period on morphology and proliferation rate of OSE cells, with no effect on caspase-3 dependent cell removal, which may serve as a premise for future investigation of potential carcinogenesis, in terms of prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer.

The Impact of 5-Azacytidine on Placental Weight, Glycoprotein Pattern and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression in Rat Placenta

Placenta ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Šerman ◽  
M. Vlahović ◽  
M. Šijan ◽  
F. Bulić-Jakuš ◽  
A. Šerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Proliferating Cell

scholarly journals Cryopreserved Rat Thyroid Autotransplantation in the Treatment of Postoperative Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Vasconcellos ◽  
Amabile Maran Carra ◽  
Olavo Borges Franco ◽  
Wagner Baetas-da-Cruz ◽  
Manoel Luiz Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Tsh Levels

To verify the viability and functionality of cryopreserved thyroid autotransplantation in rats who underwent total thyroidectomy in the treatment of postoperative hypothyroidism. Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly assigned into groups (G) with eight animals each: control (CG); simulation (SG); hypothyroidism (HTG) and transplanted (TG). At the beginning and in the 13th week of the experiment, serum levels of total T3, free T4, TSH and calcium were determined. In both the first and 14th weeks, scintigraphic examinations, 99m-Tc pertechnetate radioisotope biodistribution and histopathology were performed. In the 14th week, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cellular apoptosis (caspase-3) were also evaluated. In the 13th week, the transplanted animals had normal serum levels of total T3 and free T4. TSH levels showed a tendency towards normality. In the 14th week, scintigraphic exams displayed graft isotopic uptake in all animals in the TG group. Histological examinations 13 weeks after transplantation showed the viability and functionality of thyroid follicles. PCNA revealed significant immunoreactivity of the graft (p < 0.001) when the TG was compared to the CG. There was no difference between CG and TG considering the expression of activated caspase-3. The experimental study confirmed the viability and functionality of thyroid autotransplantation implanted in skeletal muscle with evidence of cell proliferation without cellular apoptosis. This surgical strategy was effective in the treatment of postoperative hypothyroidism.

Bone marrow cell transplantation is associated with fibrogenic cells apoptosis during hepatic regeneration in cholestatic rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Nunes de Carvalho ◽  
Dalvaci da Cunha Lira ◽  
Erika Afonso Costa Cortez ◽  
Daniela Caldas de Andrade ◽  
Alessandra Alves Thole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Proliferating Cell

Liver fibrosis is accompanied by hepatocyte death and proliferation of α-SMA+ fibrogenic cells (activated hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts), which synthesize extracellular matrix components that contribute to disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma and loss of liver function. Therefore, apoptosis of these fibrogenic cells is important to hepatic regeneration. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cell therapy using bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) transplantation on α-SMA expression and on apoptosis of hepatic cells during liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Livers were collected from normal rats, fibrotic rats after 14 and 21 days of BDL, and rats that received BMMNC at 14 days of BDL and were analyzed after 7 days. Apoptosis in fibrogenic cells was analyzed by immunoperoxidase, confocal microscopy, and Western blotting, and liver regeneration was assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining. Results showed that caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression were significantly increased in the BMMNC-treated group. Additionally, confocal microscopy analysis showed cells coexpressing α-SMA and caspase-3 in these animals, suggesting fibrogenic cell death. These results suggest a novel role for BMMNC in liver regeneration during fibrotic disease by stimulating fibrogenic cells apoptosis and hepatocyte proliferation, probably through secretion of specific cytokines that modulate the hepatic microenvironment toward an antifibrogenic balance.

scholarly journals miR-199a-5p inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in hemangioma cells through targeting HIF1A

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 039463201774935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yu-Xin Dai ◽  
Shu-Qing Wang ◽  
Ming-Ke Qiu ◽  
Zhi-Wei Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
High Expression Level

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor progression, of which miR-199a-5p (miR-199a) has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in multiple malignancies. However, the precise mechanisms underlying miR-199a in hemangiomas (HAs) remain elusive. In this study, we found that miR-199a had low expression level, while proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) had high expression level in proliferating-phase HAs compared with the involuting-phase HAs and normal tissues. Spearman correlation analysis revealed the negative correlation of miR-199a with PCNA expression in proliferating-phase HAs. In vitro experiments showed that restoration of miR-199a suppressed cell proliferation capability and induced cell apoptosis in HA-derived endothelial cells (HDEC) and CRL-2586 EOMA cells, followed with decreased PCNA expression and increased cleaved caspase-3 expression, but miR-199a inhibitor reversed these effects. Furthermore, HIF1A was identified as a target of miR-199a and had negative correlation with miR-199a expression in proliferating-phase HAs. Overexpression of HIF1A attenuated the anti-proliferation effect of miR-199a mimic in HAs cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that miR-199a may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HAs cells via targeting HIF1A and provide a potential therapeutic target for HAs.

scholarly journals Trigonella foenum(Fenugreek) Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line, HepG2, Mediated by Upregulation of p53 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud I. M. Khalil ◽  
Mohamed M. Ibrahim ◽  
Gehan A. El-Gaaly ◽  
Ahmed S. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Proliferating Cell

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and most current therapies are of limited efficacy.Trigonella foenum(Fenugreek) is a traditional herbal plant with antitumor activity, although the mechanisms of its activity remain unclear. Herein, a crude methanol extract was prepared from Fenugreek seeds (FCE) and its anticancer mechanism was evaluated, using HepG2 cell line. Growth-inhibitory effect and apoptosis induction of HepG2 cells were evidenced by MTT assay, cell morphology alteration, apoptosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometric analysis, caspase-3 activity, and expression of p53, proapoptotic protein, Bax, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) after (100∼500 μg/mL) FCE treatment for 48 h. Furthermore, FCE was analyzed by Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Our results revealed that FCE treatment for 48 h showed a cytotoxic effect and apoptosis induction in a dose-dependent manner that was mediated by upregulation of p53, Bax, PCNA, and caspase-3 activation in HepG2 cells. GC-MS analysis of FCE showed the presence of fourteen bioactive compounds such as Terpenoids and Flavonoids, including two main constituents with anticancer activity, Squalene and Naringenin (27.71% and 24.05%), respectively. Our data introduced FCE as a promising nontoxic herbal with therapeutic potential to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through p53, Bax, and PCNA upregulation in caspase-3 dependent manner.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural evaluation of oocytes during fluorosis in rat ovarian follicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-010
Author(s):  
Shashi A ◽  
Pragati Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Normal Surface ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Ovarian Surface

Fluoride is a well-known environmental pollutant and its effect on human health has long been of interest to biomedical researchers. Various studies have shown that fluoride causes adverse effects on the fertility. Wistar albino female rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into six rats in each group. The rats in experimental groups treated with 300 and 600 mg NaF/kg bw/day by oral gavage for 40 days. The present investigation focuses on the ovary of rat treated with sodium fluoride and its amelioration by curcumin. The results revealed that the sodium fluoride exposure to female rats treated with 300 mg NaF/kg bw/day, the surface epithelium had less number of ruffles and blebs of the plasma membrane. There was abrasion of ovarian surface epithelium. In rats treated with 600 mg/kg bw/day NaF, the cuboidal shape of the surface epithelium were changed into elongated appearance. The cells were devoid of microvilli, blebs and ruffles. After administration of curcumin, many follicles in different stages of development were visible. The ovarian surface epithelium showed normal surface epithelium with improvement in the shape of cuboidal cells.

Testicular localization of activating transcription factor 1 and its potential function during spermatogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Tabara ◽  
Koji Shiraishi ◽  
Ryosuke Takii ◽  
Mitsuaki Fujimoto ◽  
Akira Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transcription Factor 1 ◽  
Proliferating Cell

Abstract Activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), belonging to the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors, is highly expressed in the testes. However, its role in spermatogenesis has not yet been established. Here, we aimed to elucidate the impact of ATF1 in spermatogenesis by examining the expression pattern of ATF1 in mice and the effect of ATF1 knockdown in the mouse testes. We found that ATF1 is expressed in various organs, with very high levels in the testes. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ATF1 was localized in the nuclei of spermatogonia and co-localized with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In ATF1-deficient mice, the seminiferous tubules of the testis contained cells at all developmental stages; however, the number of spermatocytes was decreased. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was decreased and apoptotic cells were rare in the seminiferous tubules. These results indicate that ATF1 plays a role in male germ cell proliferation and sperm production.

scholarly journals Polo-like kinase 1 as a promising diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma

Tumor Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 101042832091447
Author(s):  
Eman H. Yousef ◽  
Mohamed E El-Mesery ◽  
Maha R Habeeb ◽  
Laila A Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Proliferating Cell

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma depends mainly on its early diagnosis. To date, the performance of traditional biomarkers is unsatisfactory. Polo-like kinase 1 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays essential roles in cell cycle progression and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Moreover, polo-like kinase 1 knockdown decreases the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cells; therefore, polo-like kinase 1 is an attractive target for anticancer treatments. Nobiletin, a natural polymethoxy flavonoid, exhibits a potential antiproliferative effect against a wide variety of cancers. This study targets to identify a reliable diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma and provide a potential therapeutic target for its treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 levels were analyzed in 44 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 33 non-hepatocellular carcinoma liver cirrhosis patients and 15 healthy controls using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to establish a predictive model for polo-like kinase 1 relative to α-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Furthermore, in the in vitro study, gene expressions were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines after treatment with doxorubicin and polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor volasertib (Vola) either alone or in combination with nobiletin. Cell viability was also determined using the crystal violet assay.: Serum polo-like kinase 1 levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients were significantly higher than liver cirrhosis and control groups (p < 0.0001). Polo-like kinase 1 showed a reasonable sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Moreover, nobiletin improved inhibition of cell growth induced by Vola and doxorubicin. Regarding reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results, nobiletin suppressed expressions of polo-like kinase 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and elevated expressions of P53, poly (ADPribose) polymerase 1, and caspase-3. Nobiletin/doxorubicin and nobiletin/Vola showed a significant increase in caspase-3 activity indicating cell apoptosis. Polo-like kinase 1 may be a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and follow-up during treatment with chemotherapies. In addition, nobiletin synergistically potentiates the doxorubicin and Vola-mediated anticancer effect that may be attributed partly to suppression of polo-like kinase 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and enhancement of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.

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