scholarly journals The assessment of electromagnetic field radiation exposure for mobile phone users

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1138-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Buckus ◽  
Birute Strukcinskiene ◽  
Juozas Raistenskis
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Field Radiation ◽  
Made In

Background/Aim. During recent years, the widespread use of mobile phones has resulted in increased human exposure to electromagnetic field radiation and to health risks. Increased usage of mobile phones at the close proximity raises questions and doubts in safety of mobile phone users. The aim of the study was to assess an electromagnetic field radiation exposure for mobile phone users by measuring electromagnetic field strength in different settings at the distance of 1 to 30 cm from the mobile user. Methods. In this paper, the measurements of electric field strength exposure were conducted on different brand of mobile phones by the call-related factors: urban/rural area, indoor/outdoor setting and moving/stationary mode during calls. The different types of mobile phone were placed facing the field probe at 1 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm distance. Results. The highest electric field strength was recorded for calls made in rural area (indoors) while the lowest electric field strength was recorded for calls made in urban area (outdoors). Calls made from a phone in a moving car gave a similar result like for indoor calls; however, calls made from a phone in a moving car exposed electric field strength two times more than that of calls in a standing (motionless) position. Conclusion. Electromagnetic field radiation depends on mobile phone power class and factors, like urban or rural area, outdoor or indoor, moving or motionless position, and the distance of the mobile phone from the phone user. It is recommended to keep a mobile phone in the safe distance of 10, 20 or 30 cm from the body (especially head) during the calls.

scholarly journals Modelling and assessment of the electric field strength caused by mobile phone to the human head

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Buckus ◽  
Birute Strukcinskiene ◽  
Juozas Raistenskis ◽  
Rimantas Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Head Surface

Background/Aim. Electromagnetic field exposure is the one of the most important physical agents that actively affects live organisms and environment. Active use of mobile phones influences the increase of electromagnetic field radiation. The aim of the study was to measure and assess the electric field strength caused by mobile phones to the human head. Methods. In this paper the software ?COMSOL Multiphysics? was used to establish the electric field strength created by mobile phones around the head. Results. The second generation (2G) Global System for Mobile (GSM) phones that operate in the frequency band of 900 MHz and reach the power of 2 W have a stronger electric field than (2G) GSM mobile phones that operate in the higher frequency band of 1,800 MHz and reach the power up to 1 W during conversation. The third generation of (3G) UMTS smart phones that effectively use high (2,100 MHz) radio frequency band emit the smallest electric field strength values during conversation. The highest electric field strength created by mobile phones is around the ear, i.e. the mobile phone location. The strength of mobile phone electric field on the phantom head decreases exponentially while moving sidewards from the center of the effect zone (the ear), and constitutes 1-12% of the artificial head?s surface. Conclusion. The highest electric field strength values of mobile phones are associated with their higher power, bigger specific energy absorption rate (SAR) and lower frequency of mobile phone. The stronger electric field emitted by the more powerful mobile phones takes a higher percentage of the head surface. The highest electric field strength created by mobile phones is distributed over the user ear.

Study on Distribution Model of Electric Field for 220 kV Transmission Lines and Implement

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 2315-2319
Author(s):  
Guang Zhou Zhang ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Gong Da Zhang ◽  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Shu Bo Fang
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Charge Simulation Method ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Made In

For studying the environment of power frequency electric field near the transmission line, the electric field model of 220kV transmission line was made in charge simulation method. Using the model, the electric field strength nearby the ground that under the lines was calculated and the distribute curves were drew in MATLAB language. The results showed that increasing the height of the conductors to ground, the electric field strength at the same point becomes lower.

scholarly journals Microtubular structure impairment after GSM-modulated RF radiation exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak ◽  
Krunoslav Ilić ◽  
Ivan Pavičić
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Microtubule Structure

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate whether low-level 915 MHz GSM-modulated radiofrequency (RF) radiation impairs microtubular structure and affects normal cell growth. V79 cells were exposed to a GSM-modulated field in a Gigahertz Transversal Electromagnetic Mode cell (GTEM cell) for 1, 2, and 3 h. Signal generator combined with power and chip modulator generated the electromagnetic field (EMF). The electric field strength was adjusted to 10, 20, and 30 V/m, and the average specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated to be 0.23, 0.8, and 1.6 W/kg. The structure of microtubule proteins was assessed by indirect immunocytochemistry, and cell growth was determined based on cell counts taken every day over six post-exposure days. Three-hour radiation exposure significantly altered microtubule structure regardless of the electric field strength. Moreover, on the third post-exposure day, three-hour radiation significantly reduced cell growth, regardless of field strength. The same was observed with two-hour exposure at 20 and 30 V/m. In conclusion, 915 MHz GSM-modulated RF radiation affects microtubular proteins in a time-dependent manner, which, in turn, affects cell proliferation. Our future research will focus on microtubule structure throughout the cell cycle and RF radiation effects on mitotic spindle.

HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD: PREDICTIONS AND MEDICAL STATISTICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.А. ГРИГОРЬЕВ ◽  
Ю.Б. ЗУБАРЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Made In

Первые научные прогнозы о возможном влиянии электромагнитного поля (ЭМП) мобильных телефонов на здоровье человека были сделаны в 1996-2008 гг. Тогда прогнозировался рост числа случаев злокачественных новообразований и нераковых заболеваний нервной системы. В настоящее время национальная медицинская статистика показывает тенденции роста заболеваемости по отдельным классам болезней, которые ранее были включены в прогнозы. Данные о росте заболеваемости наиболее заметны в группе детей 15-17 лет. The first scientific predictions about the possible impact of the electromagnetic field of mobile phones on human health were made in 1996-2008. Then an increase in the number of cases of malignant neoplasms and non-cancerous diseases of the nervous system was predicted. Now the national medical statistics show trends in the growth of morbidity for certain classes of diseases that were included in the forecasts. Data on the increase in morbidity are most noticeable in the group of children aged 15-17 years.

scholarly journals Assessment of Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure Levels from Mobile Phones and Wireless Hotspots in Some Parts of Makurdi-Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3b) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
NB Akaagerger ◽  
DK Kaki ◽  
AI Philip ◽  
BA Ikyo
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Exposure Levels

Radio waves and Microwaves also known as Radio Frequency Radiations (RFR) have been associated with health hazards. This research was carried out to assess the safety level of these radiations in Makurdi, Benue State. Measurement of RFR power density and electric field strength were carried out for mobile phones. A Cornet 15SA Electrosmog meter was used for assessing RFR exposure levels. Measurements of RFR power density (mWm-2) and electric field strength (Vm-1) for wireless hotspots were carried out within 10m radius to offices and open areas with high occupancy. Radiation levels from mobile phones were measured on the surface with mobile phones in contact with the meter in a normal direction such that maximum readings are obtained. A survey questionnaire was also designed to assess the level of knowledge of the residents concerning the effects of exposure to RF radiations. The field strength and Power density from mobile phones were found to range from 0.1946 Vm-1 to 26.2446 Vm-1 and 0.1004 mWm-2 to 1.827 Wm-2 respectively. These are within ICNIRP recommended value of 10 Wm-2 for members of the public. Environmental levels of RFR in areas with RFR generating devices showed that RFR levels ranged from 5.0595Vm-1 (0.0679 Wm-1) to 7.3961Vm-1 (0.145 Wm1). Also, assessment of areas with Wi-Fi hotspots showed that the presence of hotspots significantly increased background levels of RFR. These values were compared with measurements carried out in areas without RF devices which ranged from 0.10212Vm-1 (0.02766 mWm-2) to 1.7334 Vm-1 (0.0079 Wm-2). The presence of devices was seen to increase the amount of radiation in the environment. The questionnaire results indicated that there was need to further educate the public on the effects of these radiations and precautionary to be adopted for safety.

scholarly journals GRANULATION OF RAW MATERIALS DURING THE DIELECTRIC HEATING PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Юрий Крайнов ◽  
Yuriy Kraynov ◽  
Алексей Коробков ◽  
Aleksey Korobkov ◽  
Марьяна Белова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Electrodynamic System ◽  
Dielectric Heating ◽  
Gear Ring

The aim of the work is to develop and justify the parameters of the installation for the granulation of non-food waste of animal and vegetable origin in the process of dielectric heating. Objectives of the study: to develop microwave installations with volumetric resonators of different configurations, providing high electric field strength and continuity of the process of granulating raw materials; calculate the parameters of the electrodynamic system of the generator (electric field strength, the intrinsic Q factor of the resonator) and visualize the distribution pattern of the electromagnetic field in the resonators of different configurations. The studies were based on the dielectric heating theory and the theory of forming granules from multicomponent raw materials. The parameters of the electrodynamic system of the microwave generator were studied in the CST Microwave Studio program. The structural performance of volume resonators is analyzed from the point of view of the implementation of the requirements imposed by microwave devices and granulators intended for use in farms. Analyzed devices with a toroidal resonator and a disk matrix and with ellipsoid resonators and gear ring matrices are analyzed. The electromagnetic field distributions are visualized in the developed design versions of resonators combined with the working chamber of granulators. The values of the self-quality of the resonators and the electric field strength in them are calculated.

Optical Measurement of the Electric Field Strength in a Gel Insulator

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1420-1421
Author(s):  
Yusuke Tanaka ◽  
Yuji Nagaoka ◽  
Hyeon-Gu Jeon ◽  
Masaharu Fujii ◽  
Haruo Ihori
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Optical Measurement

MOBILE PHONES ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD RADIATION RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF ITS DISPERSION BY APPLYING MATLAB7 SOFTWARE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184
Author(s):  
Raimondas Buckus ◽  
Pranas Baltrenas ◽  
Jonas Skeivalas ◽  
Raimondas Grubliauskas ◽  
Igor Cretescu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Field Radiation ◽  
Radiation Research

Effect of external magnetic field on lane formation in driven pair-ion plasmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Baruah ◽  
U. Sarma ◽  
R. Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Coupling Parameter ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Coulomb Coupling ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Parameter Values

Lane formation dynamics in externally driven pair-ion plasma (PIP) particles is studied in the presence of external magnetic field using Langevin dynamics (LD) simulation. The phase diagram obtained distinguishing the no-lane and lane states is systematically determined from a study of various Coulomb coupling parameter values. A peculiar lane formation-disintegration parameter space is identified; lane formation area extended to a wide range of Coulomb coupling parameter values is observed before disappearing to a mixed phase. The different phases are identified by calculating the order parameter. This and the critical parameters are calculated directly from LD simulation. The critical electric field strength value above which the lanes are formed distinctly is obtained, and it is observed that in the presence of the external magnetic field, the PIP system requires a higher value of the electric field strength to enter into the lane formation state than that in the absence of the magnetic field. We further find out the critical value of electric field frequency beyond which the system exhibits a transition back to the disordered state and this critical frequency is found as an increasing function of the electric field strength in the presence of an external magnetic field. The movement of the lanes is also observed in a direction perpendicular to that of the applied electric and magnetic field directions, which reveals the existence of the electric field drift in the system under study. We also use an oblique force field as the external driving force, both in the presence and absence of the external magnetic field. The application of this oblique force changes the orientation of the lane structures for different applied oblique angle values.

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