scholarly journals Application of a geographic information system in the study of spatial aspects of cervical cancer incidence in Belgrade

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
Nevenka Pavlovic ◽  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Katarina Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Information System ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Primary Health

Background/Aim. Cervical cancer is still an important public health problem in Belgrade. The aim of this study was to explore spatial patterns of cervical cancer, provision and accessibility of women?s health service on the primary health care level in Belgrade, as well as the needs for improving cancer surveillance and preventive programs. Methods. This study applied a descriptive epidemiological method and a geographic information system based on data on cervical cancer diagnosed among female residents of Belgrade in 2006 and 2011. A map of the density of cases, with precise and complete data on the address of residence at the time of diagnosis, and a map of the distribution of gynecological practices in the primary health care in Belgrade, were generated through the process of georeferencing. Results. A total of 569 cases of cervical cancer were registered in 2006 and 2011, without significant differences. Significant associations were noticed for municipality of residence and year of diagnosis (?2= 42.99, df = 16, p = 0.000), and year of diagnosis and age groups 30?34 (? = 0.038, f = 3.998, df = 11, ANOVA), 40?44 (? = 0.001, f = 7.545 df = 13, ANOVA) and 45?49 (? = 0.046, f = 2.679, df = 15, ANOVA). The process of georeferencing covered a total of 466 (81.8%) cases with 97.4% of all cases diagnosed in 2006 and 68.6% in 2011. The generated maps showed similar spatial patterns of cases for both years: a higher density of cases with addresses in central parts of urban and suburban municipalities, as well as in parts of densely populated areas of urban municipalities. There was no regularity of grouping found for the cases in relation to the provision of women?s health service, or of distance from the place of residence of cases to gynecological practices. Conclusion. Our results indicate possibilities for the perception of the spatial distribution of cervical cancer and needs for improving cancer surveillance and preventive programs on small geographical areas.

scholarly journals Retraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1238-1238
Author(s):  
E Editorial
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Duplicate Publication ◽  
Retracted Article ◽  
Font Color

Based on the decision of the Editorial Board of the journal "Vojnosanitetski pregled", made at the meeting of the members of the Editorial Board on November 09, 2021, the following article is retracted from the Journal because it was published earlier in almost identical form ("duplicate publication"): Nevenka Pavlovic, Ljiljana Markovic Denic, Katarina Vojvodic. Application of a geographic information system in the study of spatial aspects of cervical cancer incidence in Belgrade Vojnosanit Pregl 2020; 77(4):373-381 (DOI: 10.2298/VSP180412095P) Previously published article: Pavlovic Nevenka, Rakic U, Ristic J, Vojvodic K. Application of geographic information system in perceiving spatial distribution of incidence of cervical cancer in Belgrade. In: Pavlovic N, editor, Proccedings of the 25th Conference "Modern approach in the prevention of infectious and noninfectious diseases". Belgrade: Institute of Public Health of Belgrade; pp. 79-96. (ISBN 978-86- 83069-41-5) (Serbian). <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/VSP180412095P ">10.2298/VSP180412095P</a></b></u>

scholarly journals The Future of Health Care: Protocol for Measuring the Potential of Task Automation Grounded in the National Health Service Primary Care System (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Willis ◽  
Paul Duckworth ◽  
Angela Coulter ◽  
Eric T Meyer ◽  
Michael Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Future

BACKGROUND Recent advances in technology have reopened an old debate on which sectors will be most affected by automation. This debate is ill served by the current lack of detailed data on the exact capabilities of new machines and how they are influencing work. Although recent debates about the future of jobs have focused on whether they are at risk of automation, our research focuses on a more fine-grained and transparent method to model task automation and specifically focus on the domain of primary health care. OBJECTIVE This protocol describes a new wave of intelligent automation, focusing on the specific pressures faced by primary care within the National Health Service (NHS) in England. These pressures include staff shortages, increased service demand, and reduced budgets. A critical part of the problem we propose to address is a formal framework for measuring automation, which is lacking in the literature. The health care domain offers a further challenge in measuring automation because of a general lack of detailed, health care–specific occupation and task observational data to provide good insights on this misunderstood topic. METHODS This project utilizes a multimethod research design comprising two phases: a qualitative observational phase and a quantitative data analysis phase; each phase addresses one of the two project aims. Our first aim is to address the lack of task data by collecting high-quality, detailed task-specific data from UK primary health care practices. This phase employs ethnography, observation, interviews, document collection, and focus groups. The second aim is to propose a formal machine learning approach for probabilistic inference of task- and occupation-level automation to gain valuable insights. Sensitivity analysis is then used to present the occupational attributes that increase/decrease automatability most, which is vital for establishing effective training and staffing policy. RESULTS Our detailed fieldwork includes observing and documenting 16 unique occupations and performing over 130 tasks across six primary care centers. Preliminary results on the current state of automation and the potential for further automation in primary care are discussed. Our initial findings are that tasks are often shared amongst staff and can include convoluted workflows that often vary between practices. The single most used technology in primary health care is the desktop computer. In addition, we have conducted a large-scale survey of over 156 machine learning and robotics experts to assess what tasks are susceptible to automation, given the state-of-the-art technology available today. Further results and detailed analysis will be published toward the end of the project in early 2019. CONCLUSIONS We believe our analysis will identify many tasks currently performed manually within primary care that can be automated using currently available technology. Given the proper implementation of such automating technologies, we expect considerable staff resources to be saved, alleviating some pressures on the NHS primary care staff. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/11232

scholarly journals Service Level Factors Associated with Cervical Screening in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care Centres in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbey Diaz ◽  
Brenda Vo ◽  
Peter D. Baade ◽  
Veronica Matthews ◽  
Barbara Nattabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Screening Coverage ◽  
Torres Strait

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women have significantly higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality than other Australian women. In this study, we assessed the documented delivery of cervical screening for women attending Indigenous Primary Health Care (PHC) centres across Australia and identified service-level factors associated with between-centre variation in screening coverage. We analysed 3801 clinical audit records for PHC clients aged 20–64 years from 135 Indigenous PHC centres participating in the Audit for Best Practice in Chronic Disease (ABCD) continuous quality improvement (CQI) program across five Australian states/territories during 2005 to 2014. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify service-level factors associated with screening, while accounting for differences in client-level factors. There was substantial variation in the proportion of clients who had a documented cervical screen in the previous two years across the participating PHC centres (median 50%, interquartile range (IQR): 29–67%), persisting over years and audit cycle. Centre-level factors explained 40% of the variation; client-level factors did not reduce the between-centre variation. Screening coverage was associated with longer time enrolled in the CQI program and very remote location. Indigenous PHC centres play an important role in providing cervical screening to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. Thus, their leadership is essential to ensure that Australia’s public health commitment to the elimination of cervical cancer includes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. A sustained commitment to CQI may improve PHC centres delivery of cervical screening; however, factors that may impact on service delivery, such as organisational, geographical and environmental factors, warrant further investigation.

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