scholarly journals Women and men in Belgrade (through statistics)

2006 ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
Radmila Vicentijevic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Board Members ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
East European ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novi Sad

As in other East-European countries, in Serbia and Montenegro, the equality of sexes is built in a system as a part of ideology related to the progress in the position of women in a society. The field of education is specially emphasized. According to the census 1991 and 2002, in Serbia and Montenegro there lived 50, 39%, that is 51, 37% of women in the total number of population. In Belgrade that percentage was 51, 60%, that is 52, 55%. This data tells about a large participation of women in the population. In the field of working legislature, women are equal as men. But formal equality doesn?t give always a real equality. For active women population in Belgrade the characteristic is a really high economic activity. The percentage of maintained women in 2002 was 61, 80% in The Republic of Serbia, which is 58 55% in Belgrade. In a structure of maintained women, according to their contribution, the first place is occupied pupils and students (over 40%), then with one third housewives, 20% children and 1% persons unable to work. We can notice a reduction in the contribution of housewives in a number of maintained women population. According to the education level, the largest number of employed women is with secondary education 38, 05%. With high and higher education 34, 28%, women are employed which makes 72, 33% of the total number of employed women. This data tells as that there is an extremely high educational level of employed women in legal entities. Women participation in political life, in the work of political parties and diplomatic branches grows slowly. A number of women-board members at the latest elections 2004 in the city assembly of Belgrade was 31, 0%, in Nis 23,0% in Novi Sad 28,0% from the total number of board members. This percentage is still unsatisfactory but this shows a better involvement and participation of women in the political scene. According to marriages, the percentage of bridegrooms in Belgrade in 1997 was 62,4%, in 1981 it was 63,0%, in 1991 it was 60.3% and in 2002 it was 53,4%. The percentage of single women grew from 20,4% in 1971 to 24,36% in 2002. Higher educational structure, higher activity rate and women employment, caused their better economic status, but at the same time this reflected ?negatively? in family size, and through it in a total population in the Republic and the town.

scholarly journals Achievement motive and locus of control as motivation factors of European identity

Psihologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mihic ◽  
Jelena Sakotic-Kurbalija ◽  
Mirjana Francesko
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Achievement Motive ◽  
The People ◽  
National Attachment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novi Sad

The research presented in this paper is a part of the project "Condition, Factors and Development of European Identity in Serbia and Montenegro" which is financed by the Ministry for Science and Protection of Environment of the Republic of Serbia. The goal of this research is to determine the relation between the achievement motive and locus of control on the one hand, and European identity on the other. These motivational factors were selected as the indicators of the active orientation of persons, which is a psychological prerequisite for the development of consciousness of the people and the society as a whole. The research was carried out during 2003 with the sample of 2635 subjects from four regions of Serbia and Montenegro, of both sexes, different levels of education, 18 to 43 years old. The scale EUROID2002 was applied to measure the European and national identity. The achievement motive was measured with the MOP2002 scale, and locus of control with LOKKON2002. All these instruments were created at the Department of Psychology in Novi Sad. The canonical correlation analysis was used to process the data. The results point to the existence of two statistically significant regularities in the relation between the achievement motive and European identity. The achievement of the goal, which is experienced as a source of pleasure and followed by the need to compete with others, was related to two factors of social identity, namely with the need to preserve national identity and with the exclusive national attachment. Thus, the results indicate that the persons for whom competition with others is a significant goal also express a higher degree of nationalism. Furthermore, the results indicate that the degree of nationalism is higher with the higher degree of persistence in the competition with others. In the relation between the locus of control and European identity, three statistically significant regularities were obtained. If the faith in the power of destiny is more pronounced, the need to preserve national identity and exclusive national attachment is also more pronounced. Stronger internal locus of control is related to greater openness for technological progress. Furthermore, the results indicate that those who in achievement situations attach great importance to the activities of other people also have a more pronounced pro-European orientation.

Udział kobiet w działalności prawotwórczej Senatu II Rzeczypospolitej

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Fiktus
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Groups

At the end of World War I, in many European countries women won the active and passive right to vote. Poland was one of the first countries, where women were allowed to participate in political life. Already at the time of establishing the Legislative Sejm (1919) the first women-MPs took their seats in Parliament. Similarly, the situation presented itself in the case of the Senate. During its first session (1922) women participated in the works of the upper chamber. The purpose of this paper is to present the participation of women in the legislative work of the Senate in various terms of office. The participation of women in the legislative work of Parliament was characterized by their involvement in issues concerning education or social services, while avoiding participation in the legislative work or that dealing with political matters. The situation presented itself differently as regards women’s involvement in the work of the Senate. A good example here was the activity of Dorota Kałuszyńska, who – during the work on the so called April Constitution of 1935 – not only participated in it very actively, but also ruthlessly attacked the then ruling camp. Another very interesting episode related to activities of women in the Senate was an informal covenant during the work on the bill to limit the sale, administration and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Belonging to different political groups: the said D. Kłuszyńska as a representative of the Polish Socialist Party, Helena Kisielewska from the Bloc of National Minorities and Hanna Hubicka of BBWR [the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government] unanimously criticized the regulations in force, which – in their opinion – did not fulfill their role when it came to anti-alcohol protection. The participation of women as far as their number was concerned was indeed small, but the Senate (like Parliament) of the Second Republic functioned in the period when women had just begun their activity on the legislative forum. Undoubtedly, it was a very interesting period, in which women had the benefit in the form of gaining their parliamentary experience. For example, it gave rise to subsequent activities of Dorota Kłuszyńska, who actively participated in the legislative works of the Sejm in the years 1947–1952, dealing with social issues or family.

The Politics of Instability in Ecuador: The Overthrow of the President, 1961

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pyne
Keyword(s):  
Military Intervention ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Coups D'etat ◽  
Apparent Stability ◽  
Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra

On 7 November 1961, a crucial date in modern Ecuadorian political history, Dr José María Velasco Ibarra, constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador, was deposed from his high office and sought refuge in the Mexican Embassy. The apparent stability that had characterized the country's political life since 1948 was shattered. The pattern of politics since November 1961 is similar in many respects to that which occurred in the decades between the two World Wars. Coups d'état, dictatorships and military juntas are political phenomena common to both periods. The military intervention which to Velasco's dewnfall in 1961 re-established a convention which had been dormant since 1947.

The Democratic Spirit

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Anthony Appiah
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

There is a famous paradox about democracy: most forms of participation make no obvious difference to political outcomes and yet people act anyway. I argue that they are more likely to act politically if they have certain attitudes and commitments; and that productive attitudes of the right kind can be sustained by a culture in which two kinds of honor are central. One kind of honor is collective: it is the honor of nations, which is the concern of the patriot. Another is the honor of citizens, who are worthy of respect because they contribute to the practices that serve the republic. I suggest some practices we Americans might want to take up and honor for the sake of our own republic today, drawing attention to two discoveries in social psychology that could be productively brought to bear in our political life: namely, the Ben Franklin effect and the Contact Hypothesis.

Social workers, critical theory and the political sphere: addressing political misrecognition and marginalisation in the Republic of Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Critical Commentary ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Electoral Representation ◽  
Irish Politics

Despite the traditional social justice mandate of social work, and critical and radical theoretical traditions that pursue egalitarian and just societies, the engagement of the social work academy with Irish politics has been underwhelming at best. While there are abstract analyses that address sociopolitical theory and ideological wrongdoings related to neoliberalist rationality, attention in social work academia to the nuts and bolts of everyday political life in Ireland, such as democratic party politics and electoral representation, leaves much to the imagination. This article therefore pursues a more grounded reading of social justice in Irish politics for social workers. The supporting proposition is that to effectively interject in political misrecognition and marginalisation, social workers must understand the present political state of play. Towards achieving this, Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition aids thematic critical commentary on the literature.

scholarly journals The exports from the western Balkans countries to the EU: The main problems and recommendations

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (168) ◽  
pp. 49-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besim Culahovic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trade Measures ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) trade policy towards Western Balkan's countries (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia) is one of the important tools of EU's integration strategy. The exports from the Western Balkan?s countries to the European Union(15) are preferred within special autonomous trade measures for the Western Balkan?s countries which were introduced by the EU in September 2000 (the 2000TM). The 2000TM are a far-ranging set of preferences which provide the Western Balkan?s countries with unparalleled market access to the EU, and hence with the potential both to develop the existing exports and to generate new exports. However, the Western Balkan?s countries exports to the EU are far below the level which could reasonably be expected. In all Western Balkan?s countries a number of supply-side and domestic policy reasons are identified for this under-performance, which suggests that the 2000TM are likely in part to rectify the situation. The economic regeneration of the Western Balkan?s countries will depend on the success of internal economic reform and on the adoption of economic and trade policies which specifically identify and address some serious supply-side constraints.

scholarly journals Life and activity of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-367
Author(s):  
Maryam Seyidbeyli
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
North West ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Middle Ages

At the beginning of the VII century in the political life of the Near and Middle East, fundamental changes have taken place. The Arabs conquered a colossal territory, which included the lands of Iran, North Africa, North-West India, the Asian provinces of Byzantium, most of the former Roman Empire. In the conquered cities of the caliphate, observatories, madaris, libraries were built. At the end of VII century, the first scientific center, an academy, the House of Wisdom, was founded in Baghdad, in which scholars who spoke different languages were assembled. Here the translation and commentary activity were very developed, the main works of ancient thought, such as the writings of Aristotle, Ptolemy were published in the 9th century in the Arabic-speaking world. For two centuries from 750 to 950 years, the works of ancient authors on philosophy, mathematics, medicine, alchemy, and astronomy were translated into Arabic, which indicates the high scientific potential of that time in the East. At the same time, in the XII century, Ibn Rushd composed 38 commentaries on the works of Aristotle, the “Republic” of Plato, the treatise “On the Mind” of Alexander of Aphrodisias, which subsequently had an important influence on the work of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. Thus, this period in the history of Eastern scientific thought is marked by high intellectual potential. To this day, historians of medieval Arabic literature face a sufficient number of difficulties, since the vast majority of manuscripts remain inaccessible to them. The works of many renowned Arab authors of the middle Ages are more than 1000 years old, so it seems obvious that the manuscripts of the vast majority of authors have not survived to this day. The researchers of the history of Azerbaijan and neighboring countries in the middle Ages, with all the variety of available sources on which they rely, still attract little factual material related to the Arabic-language works of the historical and scientific genre. Undoubtedly, a comprehensive study of the entire complex of information of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi on the history of science in Azerbaijan is of great importance.

scholarly journals The space of Chisinau as a resource for the formation of urban identity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
East European ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The City ◽  
Core Features

This paper examines the case of Chisinau urban milieu in the context of the ongoing process of transition. The capital city of the Republic of Moldova represents the reflection of society as a whole, being not just a political, cultural and economic center of the country, but a migration hub for the rest of the Moldovan population as well. As a post-Soviet and East-European city, it combines features of both modernization and degradation, generating such phenomena as ruralisation, gated communities in the center of the city, semi-public spaces, chaotic parking, lack of city planning, lack of heterogeneity of the urban space, etc. The urban milieu of Chisinau represents a complicated formation of coexisting social strata with different cultures, memories, aesthetics and urban identities, which can be sometimes conflicting. More uniform representations about the city need the actualization of its symbolic capital, as well as the creation and maintenance of a brand, which should unite core features of different urban identities.

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