Studies of Contamination of Three Broiler Breeder Houses with Salmonella enteritidis before and after Cleansing and Disinfection

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Davies ◽  
C. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CHEMICALLY INACTIVATED SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS VACCINE IN CHICKENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Mounir M El-safty ◽  
Hala Mahmoud ◽  
Eman Sa Zaki ◽  
Howaida I Abd-alla
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cell Envelopes

  Objective: Salmonella enteritidis ghosts (SEGs) is a non-living empty bacterial cell envelopes which were generated using a different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 6.4 mg/mL and evaluated as a vaccine candidate in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken. SEGs have been produced by chemical-mediated lysis and evaluated the potential efficacy of chemically induced SEG vaccine and its ability to induce protective immune responses against virulent S. enteritidis challenge in SPF chickens.Methods: SPF chickens were divided into three groups: Group A (non-vaccinated control), Group B (vaccinated with prepared vaccine), and Group C (vaccinated with commercial vaccine).Results: Vaccination of SPF chicken with SEGs induced higher immune responses before and after virulent challenge. SPF chicken vaccinated with SEGs showed increasing in serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies. During the vaccination period, Groups B and C showed higher serum antibody titer compared to Group A. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NaOH was capable of inducing non-living SEGs, and it has successfully generated non-living SEGs by MIC of NaOH.Conclusion: It is a one-step process which means easy manufacturing and low production cost compared to protein E-mediated lysis method. Chemically induced SEG vaccine is a highly effective method for inducing protective immunity. This study strongly suggests that SEGs will be a permissive vaccine, as the method of inhibition of S. enteritidis was safe and cheaper than other methods, and it gave a good protection.

Increased myocardial contractility during endotoxin shock in dogs

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (4) ◽  
pp. H715-H722 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kober ◽  
J. X. Thomas ◽  
R. M. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Contractility ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Endotoxin Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

The slope of the left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure-diameter relationship (Ees) was analyzed in open-chest, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs before and after endotoxin administration. A lead II electrocardiogram, systemic arterial pressure, LV pressure, LV dP/dt, and LV minor axis diameter were measured. After control measurements were taken, dogs were given either 1 mg/kg Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (n = 5) or an equivalent volume of saline (n = 4). Control dogs were followed for 240 min. Endotoxic dogs were monitored until death (246 +/- 44 min). There were no significant changes in Ees in control dogs (17 +/- 3 mmHg/mm), which were hemodynamically stable for 4 h. Ees was significantly increased in endotoxic dogs even into the late stages of shock (41 +/- 11 mmHg/mm, P less than 0.01). Only during the terminal phase did Ees fall significantly below control (11 +/- 2 mmHg/mm, P less than 0.05). End-diastolic diameter decreased following endotoxin administration (P less than 0.05) but returned toward control by the terminal stage. Peak + LV dP/dt was depressed following endotoxin injection. Myocardial contractility was not depressed except as a terminal event. Early depression of cardiovascular performance in endotoxic dogs was therefore due to decreased preload and not cardiac dysfunction.

Control, prevention and eradication of Salmonella enteritidis infection in broiler and broiler breeder flocks

1989 ◽  
Vol 125 (22) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. McIlroy ◽  
R. McCracken ◽  
S. Neill ◽  
J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Broiler Breeder

Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on Laboratory-Inoculated Mung Bean Seed by Chlorine Treatment†

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM F. FETT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Before And After

Three U.S. outbreaks of foodborne illness due to consumption of contaminated raw mung bean sprouts occurred in the past 2 years and were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis. The original source of the pathogens is thought to have been the seed. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with aqueous chlorine would eliminate the pathogens from mung bean seed inoculated in the laboratory with four-strain cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Treatments (for 5, 10, or 15 min) with buffered (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or unbuffered solutions containing 0.3 or 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 were tested. In order to mimic common commercial practice, seed was rinsed before and after treatment with sterile tap water. Treatment for 15 min with buffer (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or sterile water in combination with the seed rinses resulted in maximum reductions of approximately 3 log10 CFU/g. The largest reductions (4 to 5 log10 CFU/g) for the chlorine treatments in combination with the rinses were obtained after treatment with buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 for 15 min. Treatment of mung bean seed for 15 min with unbuffered or buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 did not adversely affect germination. Even though treatments with 3% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 in combination with the water rinses were effective in greatly reducing the populations of both bacterial pathogens, these treatments did not result in the elimination of the pathogens from laboratory-inoculated seed.

scholarly journals Humoral and cellular immune response generated by different vaccine programs before and after Salmonella Enteritidis challenge in chickens

Vaccine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (52) ◽  
pp. 7637-7643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Antonio Casarin Penha Filho ◽  
Bruna Silva Moura ◽  
Adriana Maria de Almeida ◽  
Hélio José Montassier ◽  
Paul A. Barrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cellular Immune

Effect of Vaccinating Breeder Chickens with a Killed Salmonella Vaccine on Salmonella Prevalences and Loads in Breeder and Broiler Chicken Flocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. BERGHAUS ◽  
S. G. THAYER ◽  
J. J. MAURER ◽  
C. L. HOFACRE
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Matched Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaccination of breeder chickens on Salmonella prevalences and loads in breeder and broiler chicken flocks. Chickens housed on six commercial breeder farms were vaccinated with a killed Salmonella vaccine containing Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Kentucky. Unvaccinated breeders placed on six additional farms served as controls. Eggs from vaccinated and unvaccinated breeder flocks were kept separately in the hatchery, and the resulting chicks were used to populate 58 commercial broiler flock houses by using a pair-matched design. Vaccinated breeder flocks had significantly higher Salmonella-specific antibody titers than did the unvaccinated breeder flocks, although they did not differ significantly with respect to environmental Salmonella prevalences or loads. Broiler flocks that were the progeny of vaccinated breeders had significantly lower Salmonella prevalences and loads than broiler flocks that were the progeny of unvaccinated breeders. After adjusting for sample type and clustering at the farm level, the odds of detecting Salmonella in samples collected from broiler flocks originating from vaccinated breeders were 62% lower (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.38 [0.21, 0.68]) than in flocks from unvaccinated breeders. In addition, the mean load of culture-positive samples was lower in broilers from vaccinated breeders by 0.30 log most probable number per sample (95% confidence interval of −0.51, −0.09; P = 0.004), corresponding to a 50% decrease in Salmonella loads. In summary, vaccination of broiler breeder pullets increased humoral immunity in the breeders and reduced Salmonella prevalences and loads in their broiler progeny, but did not significantly decrease Salmonella in the breeder farm environment.

Mechanism of action of physical antipyresis in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Banet
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Tepid Water ◽  
Before And After

To study the mechanism of action of physical antipyresis, core temperature was measured in two groups of rats in which heat loss was increased by cold exposure and by cooling an inferior cava heat exchanger, respectively, both before and after infection with Salmonella enteritidis. Cold exposure did not influence core temperature. On the other hand, cooling the heat exchanger caused a fall in core temperature of approximately 0.7 degree C, to 37 degrees C in normothermia and to 38.5 degrees C 24 h after the infection. These lower core temperatures were then regulated against any further increase in heat loss until the thermoregulatory metabolic capacity of the animals was exhausted and a hypothermia developed. It is concluded that in infectious fever the threshold temperature of shivering increases as much as core temperature. Furthermore it is suggested that physical antipyresis, such as sponging with tepid water, induces a moderate but regulated fall in temperature to about the threshold of shivering and that its efficacy may increase with ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Genotypic correlation between Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from broiler breeders and hatchery flocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
İnci Başak Müştak ◽  
Hamit Kaan Müştak ◽  
Seyyide Sarıçam İnce
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Farm Worker ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Group I ◽  
Environmental Materials ◽  
Single Genotype ◽  
Cross Transmission

Abstract In this study, Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from dust and environmental materials from different flocks located in Turkey’s Western Black Sea region were examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 59 S. Enteritidis strains isolated from broiler breeder and hatchery flocks, and one S. Enteritidis strain isolated from a stool sample of a farm worker were examined. PFGE analysis revealed two major PFGE groups and nine different macro restriction profiles. It was determined that 85% (51/60) of the strains were close to each other and comprised Group I. All S. Enteritidis strains had the same sequence type (ST): ST11. Isolation of strains with a single genotype suggests that there may be a cross transmission between the flocks.

Salmonella enteritidis PT4: broiler breeder flock breakdowns

1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (19) ◽  
pp. 431-432
Author(s):  
N. Fowler ◽  
G. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Broiler Breeder
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