State Constitutional Law in 1946–47

1947 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-732
Author(s):  
Foster H. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Time ◽  
State Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Revision

The oft-heard argument in behalf of federalism that the states furnish important laboratories for social and political experimentation is illustrated by a good many new constitutional provisions interpreted for the first time this year. Two states, Missouri and Georgia, adopted entirely new constitutions in 1945, important sections of which have come before the highest courts for interpretation. One of these, the Georgia constitution of 1945, provides specifically: “Legislative acts in violation of this constitution or the constitution of the United States, are void, and the judiciary shall so declare them.” Such a provision may very well raise more questions than it settles—for example, what effects can be accorded unconstitutional acts?; can the other agencies of government refuse to perform under statutes they consider unconstitutional?; can the judiciary declare acts of the governor and other officers unconstitutional?; etc. Such questions have not as yet been raised. But there is some evidence that we may be embarking on an era of constitutional revision similar to that which followed the Civil War. If so, the problems of constitutional law now being discussed may furnish a clue to the kind of new documents to be written. This year the emphasis has been on civil rights and methods of adjusting state finances to the rapidly fluctuating value of the dollar—problems which naturally arise out of the intense social and economic conflicts of the past decade.

scholarly journals Consumer Preferences for Oyster Attributes: Field Experiments on Brand, Locality, and Growing Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Kecinski ◽  
Kent D. Messer ◽  
Lauren Knapp ◽  
Yosef Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oyster Aquaculture ◽  
First Time

Oyster aquaculture has experienced tremendous growth in the United States over the past decade, but little is known about consumer preferences for oysters. This study analyzed preferences for oysters with varied combinations of brands, production locations, and production methods (aquaculture vs. wild-caught) using dichotomous choice, revealed preference economic field experiments. Results suggest significant and distinct differences in behavior between first-time and regular oyster consumers. While infrequent oyster consumers were drawn to oysters labeled as wild-caught, experienced oyster consumers preferred oysters raised via aquaculture. These findings will be valuable for growers and policymakers who invest in aquaculture to improve surrounding ecosystems.

“Putting Down Roots”

On the Move ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Garip
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Central South ◽  
Migrant Groups

This chapter discusses a particular group that continually increased its share among the first-time migrants between 1965 and 2010—from less than 10 percent to nearly 70 percent. This group, called urban migrants, included a large share of men, mostly from urban communities in the border, central-south, and southeastern regions of Mexico rather than the traditional migrant-sending rural communities in the central-west. Urban migrants were significantly more educated compared to the circular, crisis, and family migrants in the preceding chapters, and also relative to non-migrants at their time. The group worked mostly in manufacturing and construction in the United States, earned significantly higher wages than the other migrant groups, and made fewer return trips to Mexico.

State Constitutional Law in 1932–33

1933 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-596
Author(s):  
Charles G. Haines
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
State Constitutional Law ◽  
Unusual Stress ◽  
Emergency Measures

One of the best known members of the bench in the United States raised the query whether constitutional law was not becoming so textual and so formal in its applications that it was losing touch with the realities of life. For the operations of government to be “cabined and confined” under ordinary circumstances raises difficulties not readily surmounted; but in times of unusual stress, either constitutional limitations unduly restrict urgent and necessary action or they must be ignored to permit emergency measures. A resumé of the decisions of state and federal courts affecting state constitutions for the year 1932–33 indicates the tendency both toward undue formality in interpretation and toward the warping of the constitutional mold to sanction ways and means of dealing with extraordinary conditions. Law, like life, is a matter of growth, and, as Lord Bryce long since observed, under written constitutions ways of growth must be found either within or without the provisions of fundamental laws.

American Civil Wars

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Independence Movements

American Civil Wars takes readers away from battlefields and sectional divides to view the conflict from outside the national arena. Contributors to this volume position the conflict squarely in the context of a much wider transnational crisis across the Atlantic world, marked by a multitude of civil wars, European invasions and occupations, revolutionary independence movements, and slave uprisings—all taking place in the tumultuous decade of the 1860s. The multiple conflicts described in these essays illustrate America’s sectional strife, one caught up in a much larger, complex struggle in which nations and empires on both sides of the Atlantic vied for the control of the future. These struggles were all part of a vast web, connecting Washington and Richmond but also Mexico City, Havana, Santo Domingo, and Rio de Janeiro and—on the other side of the Atlantic—London, Paris, Madrid, and Rome. In doing so, this volume breaks new ground by charting a hemispheric upheaval borne of much wider forces. By expanding Civil War scholarships in the realms of transnational and imperial history, the work sheds new light on the interconnectedness of uprising and civil wars in and outside of American borders and places the United States within a global context of other nations, rather than a country acting as if in a vacuum.

scholarly journals American memory war of the protest movement «Black live matter»

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Andriy Martynov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Us History ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

Americans as a nation are more focused on the present and the future than on the past. Until recently, various «historical traumas» have not been the subject of current American political discourse. The American dream focuses on the needs of everyday life, not on the permanent experience of the past. The aim of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of symbolic conflicts over the sites of the Civil War in the United States in the context of the 2020 election campaign. Research methods are based on a combination of the principles of historicism and special historical methods, in particular, descriptive, comparative, method of actualization of historical memory. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is determined by the historical and political analysis of the “wars of memory” during the presidential election campaign in the United States in 2020. Radical political confrontation exacerbates the conflicts of collective memory. This process is not prevented by the postmodern state of collective consciousness, the virtualization of political processes, attempts to form a «theater society». The coronavirus pandemic has raised the issue of choosing a strategy for the development of the globalization process as harshly as possible. Current events break the link between the past and the present, which makes the future unpredictable. Developed liberal democracy is considered the «end of history». Multiculturalism has created different interpretations of US history. Conclusions. Trump’s victory deepened the rift between different visions of the history of the Civil War. The Democratic majority unites African Americans, Latinos, women with higher education, and left liberals. Attacks on the memorials of the heroes of the former Confederacy became symbols of the war of memory. The dominant trend is an increase in the democratic and electoral numbers of non-white Americans. The «classic» United States, dominated in all walks of life by white Americans with Anglo-Saxon Protestant identities and relevant historical ideas, is becoming history. The situation is becoming a political reality when white Americans become a minority. It is unlikely that such a «new minority» will abandon its own interpretation of any stage of US history, including the most acute. This means that wars of memory will become an organic element of political processes.

PUBLIC HEALTH

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1021
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
First Time

For the first time in 3 years it is gratifying to note that the infant mortality in the United States has not increased. The estimated rate for 1959, 26.4, was about 2% lower than the 1958 rate of 26.9 and is at the same level as the 1957 rate. Low point thus far for the United States was in 1956, when the rate was 26.0. There was relatively little change in the other important rates—births, deaths and marriages. The natural increase in the population, that is births (including an estimate for those unregistered) minus deaths, was 2,632,000, giving a rate of increase of 14.9 per 1,000 population, essentially the same as the 1958 rate of 15.0.

Obsessions, Compulsions, Clozapine, and Risperidone

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Baker ◽  
Paul D. Bermanzdhn ◽  
Donna Ames Wirshing ◽  
K. N. Roy Dhengappa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Time

In the past decade, clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine were marketed for the first time in the United States, and other new antipsychotic drugs are expected to follow soon. Also within the past decade, the efficacy of serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) has been demonstrated in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the serotonin hypothesis of OCD has been articulated clearly.

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