scholarly journals The Transition to Export-led Growth in South Korea: 1954–1966

1991 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Haggard ◽  
Byung-Kook Kim ◽  
Chung-in Moon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Laissez Faire

Two basic positions have framed recent debates about South Korea's remarkable economic growth. The neoclassical position traces South Korea's take-off to a set of policy reforms in 1964 and 1965 that launched the country on the path toward export-led growth (Frank, Kim, and Westphal 1975; Kuznets 1977; Krueger 1979). Policy was far from laissez-faire, but on the whole, the reforms moved Korea in a more market-oriented direction that sought to exploit Korea's comparative advantage. The “statists,” by contrast, detail the pervasive intervention of the Korean government in the economy, even after the shift toward an outward-oriented strategy. Moreover, they argue that such intervention promoted rapid economic growth (Leudde-Neurath 1985; Jones and Sakong 1980; Amsden 1989).

The management of structural adjustment and macroeconomic reform in Vietnam

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Keith Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
Official Data ◽  
Low Rate

Vietnam has been remarkably successful in managing structural adjustment and macroeconomic reform. As a result, it has achieved very rapid economic growth during the present decade without, apparently, a substantial increase in inequality. All sectors of the economy have grown rapidly and yet there has been dramatic structural change. This growth and structural change, according to official data, have occurred despite a relatively low rate of investment. Our analysis suggests, however, that savings and investment have been understated, that actual output is higher than the national accounts data indicate and that growth is even faster than the official figures suggest. These results are a consequence of the nature and sequencing of the policy reforms that were introduced from the 1980s onwards.

Reform, corruption, and growth: Why corruption is more devastating in Russia than in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intervening Factors

This article explains why massive political corruption appears to be incompatible with economic growth in Russia but compatible with very rapid economic growth in China. The common assumption is that corruption is bad for economic performance. So how can we explain the puzzling contrast between Russia and China? Is Russia being more severely “punished” for its corruption than China? If so, why? This article demonstrates that three intervening factors—comparative advantage, the organization of corruption, and the nature of rents—determines the impact of corruption on economic performance, and that these factors can explain the divergent outcomes. The article thereby offers an alternative to statist explanations of the Russia-China paradox.

scholarly journals Post-Industrial Challenges In Modern South Korea: Educational Pressures And Their Impact On Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Evelyn Henao Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Industrial

This paper examines the role of the educational system in modern South Korea and its effects on young students. It takes a threefold approach: Starting off with a historical background about education as the backbone for South Korea’s rapid economic growth during the 70s and 80s, followed by an in-detail approach to the current educational system and its high-pressure context. Afterwards, the effects on youth deriving from this particular background are 24 MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO | Vol. 10, No. 18 explored from a social, cultural, and demographic standpoint, closing up with the actions taken by the government to tackle this national issue. Last, but not least, based on the quantitative and qualitative work of previous authors, this paper concludes with an insight of recommendations and the importance of addressing limitations and acknowledging gaps, as a step to effective measures that offer social welfare for future generations.

scholarly journals The impact of rapid economic growth and globalization on zinc nutrition in South Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1234-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Sook Kwun ◽  
Mi-Sook Do ◽  
Hae-Rang Chung ◽  
Yang ha Kim ◽  
John H Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Zn Nutrition ◽  
Zn Bioavailability ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveZn deficiency may be widespread in Asian countries such as South Korea. However, dietary habits have changed in response to rapid economic growth and globalization. Zn nutrition in South Koreans has therefore been assessed during a period (1969–1998) of unprecedented economic growth.Design and methodsCross-sectional food consumption data from the Korean National Nutrition Survey Reports (KNNSR) of South Korea at four separate time points (1969, 1978, 1988 and 1998) were used to calculate Zn, Ca and phytate intakes using various food composition tables, databases and literature values. Nutrient values in local foods were cited from their analysed values.ResultsAverage Zn intake was 5·8, 4·8 and 5·3 mg/d for 1969, 1978 and 1988 respectively, increasing to 7·3 mg/d in 1998 (73 % of the Korean Dietary Reference Intake). The phytate:Zn molar ratio decreased from 21 to 8 during the study period. Dietary Zn depletion due to marked decreases in cereal consumption, particularly barley which has a low Zn bioavailability, was counterbalanced by marked increases in the consumption of meat and fish, which are also Zn-rich foods. Reduced phytate consumption coincident with increased Zn intake suggests that Zn bioavailability also improved, particularly by 1998.ConclusionsAlthough total Zn intake was not greatly affected over the initial period of economic growth in South Korea (1969–1988), Zn contributions from different food sources changed markedly and both Zn intake and potential bioavailability were improved by 1998. The study may have implications for Zn nutrition in other Asian countries currently experiencing rapid economic growth.

scholarly journals Inequality in China – Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (127) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Jain-Chandra ◽  
Niny Khor ◽  
Rui Mano ◽  
Johanna Schauer ◽  
Philippe Wingender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

China has experienced rapid economic growth over the past two decades and is on the brink of eradicating poverty. However, income inequality increased sharply from the early 1980s and rendered China among the most unequal countries in the world. This trend has started to reverse as China has experienced a modest decline in inequality since 2008. This paper identifies various drivers behind these trends – including structural changes such as urbanization and aging and, more recently, policy initiatives to combat it. It finds that policies will need to play an important role in curbing inequality in the future, as projected structural trends will put further strain on equity considerations. In particular, fiscal policy reforms have the potential to enhance inclusiveness and equity, both on the tax and expenditure side.

scholarly journals Rural children’s work and school education in the context of rapid economic growth in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae-Young Kim ◽  
Heather Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Schooling Experience ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Times ◽  
Children’S Work

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how children’s work, defined in a broad sense, and the related values and attitudes concerning childhood have evolved in the context of rapid economic growth in South Korea. It discusses how ideas about children’s activities and their status and relationships within the family have changed and how children’s roles and responsibilities are seen by members of different generations. It interrogates the changing ideas of work in contemporary children’s lives and presents data from a relatively under-researched part of the world. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on semi-structured interviews with a mixed age group of people, including children, in a rural community in South Korea. Findings In decisions over their work and schooling during their childhoods, most adults did not appear to have shown any apparent agency with this passivity reflecting the cultural norms of the times. Conversely, rural children today often choose not to work but may not be able to exercise similar agency over their schooling. The research suggests a distinct generational change in the schooling experience with this going from being relatively unimportant, and sometimes unaffordable, to becoming universal and essential. Research limitations/implications Interviewing adults and children about what they do now or did in the past poses methodological problems. As the researchers found “child- friendly” or “child-centred” methods impractical in the particular research context, relaxed and semi-structured interviews were used with the children. The adult interviews presented different challenges: a lack of other sources of data meant that primary sources of evidence had to be recollections of past events. This means such recollections of childhoods may be mediated by an “adult” perspective and susceptible to bias. Current life circumstances may also determine the interpretive contexts through which they tell their stories and influence how they view the past. Originality/value Internationally published research on South Korean childhoods is limited, with most focusing on the education system and the associated issues. Research of this type also rarely examines children's own views, their lives outside of school and the choices they make in their family contexts. This paper examines these under-researched areas.

Chile

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

During the 2000s Chile achieved rapid economic growth and improved most labour market indicators: the unemployment rate fell; the mix of employment by occupational position and sector improved; the educational level of the employed population, the percentage of registered workers, and labour earnings increased; and all poverty and inequality indicators decreased. The economy suffered a recession during the international crisis of 2008, but recovered quickly. The chapter shows that some labour market indicators were negatively affected by the crisis. The unemployment rate was the only indicator that did not return to its pre-crisis level by the end of the period studied.

scholarly journals Multi-faceted insights of entrepreneurship facing a fast-growing economy: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Hoang Vuong ◽  
Viet Phuong La ◽  
Thu Trang Vuong ◽  
Phuong Hanh Hoang ◽  
Manh Toan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Growing Economy

AbstractThis study explores entrepreneurship research in Vietnam, a lower-middle-income country in Southeast Asia that has witnessed rapid economic growth since the 1990s but has nonetheless been absent in the relevant Western-centric literature. Using an exclusively developed software, the study presents a structured dataset on entrepreneurship research in Vietnam from 2008 to 2018, highlighting: low research output, low creativity level, inattention to entrepreneurship theories, and instead, a focus on practical business matters. The scholarship remains limited due to the detachment between the academic and entrepreneur communities. More important are the findings that Vietnamese research on entrepreneurship, still in its infancy, diverges significantly from those in developed and emerging economies in terms of their content and methods. These studies are contextualized to a large extent to reflect the concerns of a developing economy still burdened by the high financial and nonfinancial costs.

Japan's Role in Asia-Pacific Cooperation

1991 ◽  
Vol 513 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABURO OKITA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
International Trading

The Asia-Pacific countries achieved rapid economic growth with the flying-goose model in the 1980s, growth buttressed by export-oriented development strategies and the policy culture in these countries. While Japan and the other Asia-Pacific countries still have strong growth potential, many problems remain, including trade imbalances with the United States and the rise of protectionism there, the Asia-Pacific economies' vulnerability, and the need to consolidate the infrastructure for growth. It is imperative that Japan contribute to the development of the region by responding effectively to these issues and that it strengthen the international trading arrangements by promoting Asia-Pacific cooperation premised on openness. Given the region's great internal diversity, Asia-Pacific economic cooperation can well serve as a model for international economic coordination.

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