Developments in the Law and Institutions of International Economic Relations: American Foreign Trade and Investment Policy for the 1970's: The Williams Commission Report

1972 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-559
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
Trade And Investment

On May 21, 1970, President Nixon appointed a Commission on International Trade and Investment Policy to study the principal problems faced by the United States in this field, assess present U.S. policy, and produce a set of policy recommendations for the 1970s which would take account of the changes that have taken place on the world economic scene since the end of World War II. Twenty-seven members from business, labor, agriculture, and the universities (a substantial majority from business) were appointed, under the chairmanship of Albert L. Williams, Chairman of the Finance Committee of International Business Machines. The Williams Commission rendered its report in July, 1971: “United States International Economic Policy in an Interdependent World.”

The Fall of Silver in Mexico, 1870–1910, and Its Effect on American Investments

1958 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pletcher
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Wars ◽  
International Policies ◽  
International Economic Relations

Since the end of World War II Americans interested in international economic affairs have faced a painful dilemma. Almost every set of international policies advanced during this period has called for the widespread use of American capital to assist in the development of underdeveloped areas in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The United States government has furnished much of this capital during the last decade, but private capital has borne a share of the effort in the past and may well be called upon for a larger share in the future. Unfortunately, in a period of frequent small wars, revolutions, and expropriations, American investors naturally hesitate to send their capital abroad if they can invest it profitably at home. One of the most vexing problems in modern international economic relations is that of predicting or assuring regular returns from American investments abroad.

Developments in the Law and Institutions of International Economic Relations–The Kennedy Round of Trade Negotiations

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Kennedy Round ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Multilateral Agreements ◽  
The World ◽  
International Obligations

On June 30, 1967, in Geneva, Switzerland, Ambassador W. Michael Blumenthal, acting at the direction of the President, signed five multilateral agreements on behalf of the United States. He and the representatives of 45 other countries thereby concluded the Kennedy Round of trade negotiations and formalized an elaborate set of international obligations which, over a period of four years, would see the most extensive liberalization of trade ever achieved through co-operative action on the part of the trading countries of the world.

Political Factors in U. S. International Financial Cooperation, 1945–1950

1953 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack N. Behrman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Financial Cooperation

International cooperation through multilateral organizations sharply distinguishes the post-World War II economic policies of the United States from those it employed following World War I. After World War I, the United States eschewed any form of international economic organization, which some governments thought should be continued; early in the more recent conflict, United States officials pressed hard for the acceptance of world-wide institutional cooperation. The purpose of the present article is to review, through an examination of its policy toward multilateral financial arrangements, some of the important discussions and decisions which moved the United States towards internationalism in economic relations; to emphasize the role of political factors in the development of financial organizations, in the retreat from international “democracy,” and in the growth of regional cooperation; and to examine some of the difficulties of international financial cooperation.A primary objective of the United States government's postwar policy preparations was the re-creation of a method of conducting international economic transactions which would not result in economic warfare; the major technique was that of international agreement on accepted rules for conducting transactions. Government officials considered that this approach was not only desirable but also possible, in view of the success of wartime collaboration.

scholarly journals THE POSITION OF THE FINANCIAL COMPONENT IN THE PARADIGM OF MODERN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Kostyantyn Flissak ◽  
Darya Glukhova
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact

At the beginning of the 21st century, most subjects of international economic relations announced a course to liberalize the world economy both as a whole and as its individual components. At the same time, under the influence of geopolitical and geo-economic aspirations, state instruments of a protectionist nature were increasingly used. Global economic development has become a hostage to such processes. In such circumstances, the efficiency of individual business entities has begun to decline. Innovative tools were needed to prevent this. One of them was economic diplomacy, which has acquired a special role in providing the promotion of the interests of both national economies as a whole and their individual subjects. At the same time, economic diplomacy itself covers different areas of economic activity and not all of them are investigated to the same extent. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the financial component of economic diplomacy in modern conditions, the specifics of its formation and development, aimed at improving the national system of promoting national interests both within the state and abroad. To achieve this goal, the research is focused on the following tasks: to consider and analyze the theoretical basis of the financial component of economic diplomacy, to highlight its manifestations in various forms of international economic relations, to determine the main imperatives of state support for international investment partnership. Special attention is paid to the issues of external borrowing and the movement of public debt funds from the point of view of the influence of economic diplomacy on them. Based on the results of this review, a whole number of theoretical conclusions were made, which at the same time establish the basis for further research of the considered problem. Methodology. In the process of preparing the article, methods of scientific abstraction, observation, analysis and synthesis, generalization, as well as statistical and economic methods were used to assess a number of financial and economic indicators of state development in order to identify the weaknesses and prospects for the impact of economic diplomacy tools on them. The information and analytical base for the study are materials and analytical reports of international organizations dealing with the issues under consideration (UNCTAD, IMF, World Bank), regulatory and statistical data of state authorities of Ukraine and the United States, the results of scientific research of modern scientists from different countries. The results of the study show that providing the proper efficiency of foreign economic activity requires the use of a set of tools to promote and support its subjects. Economic diplomacy plays a significant role in this sphere. The development level of international economic relations actualizes the justification of the modern paradigm of the financial component, mechanisms for applying the tools of economic diplomacy in financial issues. All this requires a clear delineation and structuring of object-by-object areas and directions of efforts. Only on this basis, an effective mechanism for implementing the financial component of economic diplomacy can be formed. The practical implications of the scientific research are to find out the current state of economic diplomacy mechanisms in the financial sphere, trends in their development, and potential consequences for other states (including Ukraine). Value/originality. The studied mechanisms and practice of using economic diplomacy in the sphere of the financial component, in particular in issues of interstate investment partnership, external government borrowing, and work with public debt deserve attention from the relevant state structures of Ukraine on the implementation of tools and standards of economic diplomacy in this area. In addition, this study can serve as a basis for further research, since the considered problem contains the significant potential for further investigations in subsequent scientific publications.

US-China trade war: Russia's risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
O. V. Ignatova ◽  
O. A. Gorbunova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
China Trade ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of the world economy: the trade opposition of the United States and China. Due to the fact that these countries occur to be the largest economies in the world, their conflict cannot in one way or another be reflected in other subjects of international economic relations. The article analyzes the main stages of the trade war between the United States and China and formulates the causes of the crisis.On the basis of a regional approach and analysis of statistical data it became possible to make an assessment of the effects that the US-PRC rivalry has on mutual trade, investment and energy cooperation between Russia and China. It is noted that in connection with the trade conflict, Russian-Chinese relations are reaching a new level of development, the number of joint economic projects is growing. However, the confrontation between the United States and China brings not only opportunities, but also risks for Russia. The authors make a forecast about the impact of the trade war on the economy of the Russian Federation in the short and medium term.

СИЛЬНЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК И СИЛЬНЫЙ ПРЕЗИДЕНТ// Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Sciences Journal 4(15), 2019/ OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Flora Bertrand - Oxford, UK. 14.05.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - PP. 9-17.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Константин Георгиевич Деменин
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
World War ◽  
European Academy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Crisis

В статье рассматривается социально-политический портрет Ф. Рузвельта, который, несмотря на тяжёлую болезнь, в первой половине XX века не только стал 32 президентом США, но и умело управлял страной в период во время мирового экономического кризиса и Второй мировой войны. Статья особенно актуально сегодня, в век толерантности, инклюзии и высоких технологических возможностей.In article F.Roosevelt's sociopolitical portrait which, despite of heavy illness, in first half XX centuries not only became 32 president of the United States is considered, but also skilfully operated the country during during a world economic crisis and the World War II. Article especially actually today, in a century of tolerance, инклюзии and high technological possibilities.

THE INTEGRATIVE DEVELOPMENT: PROBLEMS AND THE WAY OF OVERCOMING

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Грядунова ◽  
Alina Gryadunova
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
World Economic

The essence and content of integration cooperation between the countries are revealed in the article, key directions of development of international economic relations in modern conditions are discussed, the main stages of formation of integration structures are described. Some obstacles to the development of integration processes are presented, and ways to remove them are identified. The position of Russia in the current economic situation and its participation in world economic relations are analyzed. The reasons for the emergence of anti-Russian sentiment, as well as its impact on the global environment are shown. The principles of Eurasian integration are studied, their comparison with the European Union´s actions I done to assess the positive and negative aspects in order to clarify the future prospects. The conditions for favorable development of economic integration between countries with regard of creation models of macroeconomic integrity are shown.

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