Race and Social Stratification: A Comparison of Working-Class Spaniards, Indians, and Castas in Guadalajara, Mexico in 1821

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stratification

The Meaning of the Working Class in Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Cautious Approach

The purpose of this article is largely methodological, in that it aims to sketch an analytical approach to the question of differentiation rather than to provide an empirical analysis. There are clear reasons for approaching the issue in this way. We need to know what the term ‘working class’ means, whether there are divisions within it which significantly influence the behaviour of those affected by them, and the forms which these divisions take. In other words we want to know whether it is stratified. To assume that it is so is to take as given the answers to questions which should be asked. We need to know whether social relationships in any situation are arranged into strata and, if they are, whether they have consistent relationships and are ranked in terms of superiority according to some pre-selected criterion. It is because these questions are not usually asked that studies of social stratification largely consist of fitting empirical data into a predetermined mould. To start by questioning the existence of differentiation is a very modest, cautious approach.

The Deferential Dialectic

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Newby
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
British Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Widespread Belief

For more than a decade, the most decisive influence on the empirical study of the British class structure has been the three consecutive electoral victories of the Conservative Party during the 1950s. The widespread belief that these events reflected some underlying change in the stratification of British society stimulated a new examination of the political attitudes and behaviour of the working class. In sociology this led to the exploration of the ‘embourgeoisement’ thesis culminating in the ‘affluent worker’ study by Goldthorpe and his colleagues and it is, perhaps, a comment on the state of sociological research into the British class structure that this study, together with its associated papers, remains the centre around which much of the debate on social stratification in contemporary Britain continues to revolve. In political science, however, the investigation took a different track. Instead of seeking an explanation of the Conservative electoral successes in terms of the working class becoming more middle class, political scientists sought an explanation in terms of increased working-class ‘deference’. Bagehot was enthusiastically resurrected (a new edition of The English Constitution appeared in 1963), and a spate of studies attempted to assess the ‘deferential’ component of English political culture.

scholarly journals A Patchwork of Femininities: Working-Class Women’s Fluctuating Gender Performances in a Pakistani Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Kamran
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Hegemonic Femininity ◽  
Class Distinction

Scholars have studied multiple femininities across different spaces by attributing variation to cultural/spatial contexts or in the same space by attributing variation to class/race positions. However, we do not yet know how women from the same cultural, class, and race locations may enact multiple femininities in the same context. Drawing on observations and interviews in a women-only bazaar in Pakistan, I show that multiple femininities can exist within the same space and individual. Working-class women workers in Meena Bazaar switched between performances of “pariah femininity” and “hegemonic femininity,” patching together contradictory femininities to secure different types of capitals at the organizational and personal levels. Pariah femininities enabled access to economic capital but typically decreased women’s symbolic capital, whereas hegemonic femininities generated symbolic capital but could block or enable access to economic capital. The concept of a patchwork performance of femininity explains how and why working-class women simultaneously embody idealized and stigmatized forms of femininity. Further, it captures how managerial regimes and personal struggles for class distinction interact to produce contradictory gender performances. By examining gender performances in the context of social stratification, this article explains the structural underpinnings of working-class women’s gendered struggles for respectability and work.

SEVERAL ISSUES OF STRATIFICATION IN THE WORKING CLASS IN VIETNAM TODAY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Van Giang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Social stratification is the division of society into different strata of economic, political, cultural and social status. In a class society, within each class there is also stratification. Vietnamese working class right from its inception until now, that stratification has been and is still taking place, due to the impact of domestic socio-economic development and external influences. The paper analyzes the stratified status of the working class, thereby proposing some solutions to develop Vietnam’s working class, the current period.

Ethnography and the Fate of Informal Culture: Rereading Paul Willis’ Learning to Labour

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Yiyang Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Uncertainty ◽  
Cultural Cognition ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Anthropology And Education ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Counter Culture

Abstract As the increasing discussion over social stratification and mobility indicates, the idea of “education changes destiny” has progressively been brought into question. In his classic study of British working-class boys from 1975, which is widely read in the fields of sociology, anthropology, and education, Paul Willis uncompromisingly revealed that liberal ideology about equal opportunity was only an empty promise and, more importantly, how the counter-cultural cognition and expression adopted the constraints of the structural conditions and at the same time leads to the reproduction of them. Despite the tragic mechanism behind the contradictory counter-culture, Willis remained optimistic about the radical potential in the symbolic works against dominant discourse. His in-depth ethnographic description didn’t only contribute to the endless theoretical debate about Structure and Process, but also provided a methodological approach encouraging extensive fieldwork, in which he believed the “theoretical uncertainty” lies. Ethnography can really “become the intellectual education of those who are governed,” if the scholars are willing to understand and communicate with the informal cultural groups and believe that their fate can be changed.

An approach to a study of small shopkeepers and the class structure

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Bechhofer ◽  
Brian Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Relational Patterns ◽  
Post War ◽  
Industrial Societies

For a good many years now the distribution of effort in the field of social stratification has been noticeably biased in the direction of analysis and description of the position of the working class. Much theoretical discussion has revolved around the possible changes that may have taken place in advanced industrial societies as a result of the relative prosperity of the post-war years. Investigators have examined political sympathies and ideologies, consumption patterns, aspirations, and relational patterns of groups within these societies and attempted to relate these to broad structural changes. But, influenced by Marxian writers and their opponents, both theoretical and empirical work has been directed very largely to change as it affects the working class. In consequence we now have a good deal of data on and discussion of sociological problems concerned with the working class, but no comparable corpus of data obtains for other classes nor, in this country at least, has very much attention been given to the identification of theoretical problems relating primarily to these other classes (1).

scholarly journals Class, Gender, and Rhoticity: The Social Stratification of Non-Prevocalic /r/ in Edinburgh Speech

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Dickson ◽  
Lauren Hall-Lew
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis Of Variation ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the prominence of socioeconomic status as a factor in models of English variation, few studies have explicitly considered speakers whose social class status changed over their lifetime. This paper presents an auditory and acoustic analysis of variation in non-prevocalic /r/ among middle-aged adults from Edinburgh, Scotland. The speakers represent three groups: the Established Middle Class (EMC) and the Working Class (WC), both of which are characterized as socioeconomically non-mobile, and a third group we call the New Middle Class (NMC), comprising individuals born to working-class families and living middle-class lives at the time of data collection. The results demonstrate that realizations of /r/ have a significant correlation with socioeconomic status, and that the effect of class further interacts with gender. NMC speakers demonstrate the highest level of rhoticity of all three groups. In contrast, WC men show extensive derhoticization and deletion, while WC women show patterns of rhoticity that are more comparable to the NMC women. The EMC speakers show more non-rhoticity than either the NMC speakers or the WC women. A consideration of the indexical value of weak rhoticity highlights the need for more robust phonetic measures distinguishing non-rhoticity from derhoticization, and to that end we consider the cue of post-vocalic frication. Overall, the results point to the need to conceptualize socioeconomic status as potentially fluid and changeable across the lifespan, thereby improving models of the relationship between social class and linguistic variation.

scholarly journals “Resource Portfolio” and Total Capital of Different Social Classes in the Modern Society of Latvia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Komarova ◽  
Iveta Mietule ◽  
Iluta Arbidāne ◽  
Vladas Tumalavičius
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Total Capital

The aim of this study is to investigate “resource portfolios” and total capital, as well as the degree of those resources capitalization, which representatives of different social classes in the modern Latvia have at their disposal. The amount and structure of “resource portfolio” and total capital of different social classes studied using the resource-asset-capital approach. The article presents results of the sociological survey of social stratification in modern Latvia on the example of its one region – Latgale (2019, n = 798, representative sample of the adult population), identifying social classes based on two objective (income and education) and one subjective (self-identification of respondents) criteria. Based on the example of the lower working class and the middle class, the authors proved that representatives of these polar social classes have a total capital of different amount, which is determined by two main reasons: 1) the lower working class has statistically significantly smaller “resource portfolio” than the middle class; 2) the lower working class is not so successful as the middle class in activating the resources at their disposal, turning them into their capital. These statistically significant two-level differences have to be considered when pursuing social policies on reducing differences between social classes.

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