Effects of Exposure Misclassification on Regression Analyses of Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study Data

Biometrics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Reade-Christopher ◽  
Lawrence L. Kupper
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Exposure Misclassification ◽  
Follow Up Study

Seven-Year Follow-Up of Screening for Hypertension and Diabetes at a Dental Clinic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Friman
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Medical Screening ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Dental Setting ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To describe the distribution of risk, diagnosis and pharmacological treatments for diabetes and hypertension after seven years among patients provided with opportunistic medical screening in a dental setting. Material and Methods: The initial screening’s 170 participants were asked to take part in a seven-year follow-up study. Data were collected through self-reported information in a written health declaration. Outcome measures: • Number of study participants who had passed away • Prescription of antidiabetics or antihypertensives • Changes in weight and height to calculate body mass index (BMI) Results: The follow-up study consisted of 151 participants. Twenty had passed away. The risk needs for medicating with antihypertensive drugs after seven years for those not receiving pharmacological treatment at the initial screening was 3.7 times greater (p=0.025 CI 1.2-11.3) for participants with a diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90 mm Hg (85 for diabetics) than for the others. The risk was 3.9 times greater (p=0.020 CI 1.2-12.6) for those with a systolic BP of 140-159 mm Hg and 54.2 times greater (p<0.0001 CI 9.8-300.3) for those with a systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg than for those with a systolic BP 140 mm Hg. There were no changes in BMI. Conclusion: At least one in ten cases of incorrect medication or undiagnosed hypertension may be identifiable through opportunistic medical screening

scholarly journals Factors associated with institutionalization among home-dwelling patients of Urgent Geriatric Outpatient Clinic: a 3-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-751
Author(s):  
Marika Salminen ◽  
Jonna Laine ◽  
Tero Vahlberg ◽  
Paula Viikari ◽  
Maarit Wuorela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Abstract Purpose To examine the effect of predictive factors on institutionalization among older patients. Methods The participants were older (aged 75 years or older) home-dwelling citizens evaluated at Urgent Geriatric Outpatient Clinic (UrGeriC) for the first time between the 1st of September 2013 and the 1st of September 2014 (n = 1300). They were followed up for institutionalization for 3 years. Death was used as a competing risk in Cox regression analyses. Results The mean age of the participants was 85.1 years (standard deviation [SD] 5.5, range 75–103 years), and 74% were female. The rates of institutionalization and mortality were 29.9% and 46.1%, respectively. The mean age for institutionalization was 86.1 (SD 5.6) years. According to multivariate Cox regression analyses, the use of home care (hazard ratio 2.43, 95% confidence interval 1.80–3.27, p < 0.001), dementia (2.38, 1.90–2.99, p < 0.001), higher age (≥ 95 vs. 75–84; 1.65, 1.03–2.62, p = 0.036), and falls during the previous 12 months (≥ 2 vs. no falls; 1.54, 1.10–2.16, p = 0.012) significantly predicted institutionalization during the 3-year follow-up. Conclusion Cognitive and/or functional impairment mainly predicted institutionalization among older patients of UrGeriC having health problems and acute difficulties in managing at home.

A 12-month follow-up study of “RedUSe”: a trial aimed at reducing antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use in nursing homes

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita Westbury ◽  
Lisette Tichelaar ◽  
Gregory Peterson ◽  
Peter Gee ◽  
Shane Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Dose Reductions

ABSTRACTBackground: To assess the long-term impact of the “Reducing Use of Sedatives” (RedUSe) trial on antipsychotic and benzodiazepine prevalence and dosage.Methods: RedUSe was a six-month controlled trial conducted in 25 Tasmanian nursing homes in 2008–9 which led to significant reductions in benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use and a doubling of dose reductions of these agents. In a follow-up study, data on psychotropic use was collected from all nursing homes a year after the final RedUSe measure. Mean daily doses for each home were calculated by converting antipsychotic and benzodiazepine doses to chlorpromazine and diazepam equivalents, respectively. To determine the long-term impact of the project, 6-month and initial baseline data were compared to the 18-month follow-up data.Results: 1578 residents were audited for the follow-up measure. In the 18 months since the RedUSe project was instigated, benzodiazepine prevalence fell by 25% in intervention nursing homes. Similarly, the mean daily diazepam equivalence in these homes had fallen by 24%. In contrast, after a significant reduction during the RedUSe trial, antipsychotic prevalence returned to baseline levels in intervention nursing homes, with mean chlorpromazine equivalence remaining relatively constant with time. There was a delayed reduction in benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use in the control homes.Conclusions: Both benzodiazepine usage and mean daily diazepam equivalence continued to decline in intervention nursing homes in the year following the RedUSe trial. However, the effect of the RedUSe intervention on antipsychotic prevalence and dosage was not sustained.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and activities of daily living in Alzheimer’s disease: ALSOVA 5-year follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Saari ◽  
Ilona Hallikainen ◽  
Taina Hintsa ◽  
Anne M. Koivisto
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Basic Adls

ABSTRACTBackground:Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are related to activities of daily living (ADLs), but longitudinal studies are sparse.Objectives:We investigated which NPSs were related to decline in instrumental ADLs (IADLs) and basic ADLs (BADLs) in a 5-year follow-up of individuals with AD.Methods:ALSOVA 5-year follow-up study data of 236 individuals with very mild or mild AD at baseline and their caregiver were analyzed. IADLs and BADLs were assessed with Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study ADL inventory, and NPSs with Neuropsychiatric Inventory at annual follow-up visits. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used for longitudinal data analysis, and NPS–ADL networks were estimated to demonstrate symptom interactions.Results:Apathy [rate ratio (RR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.44, p = 0.007], aberrant motor behavior (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07–1.44, p = 0.005), and appetite disturbances (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.41, p = 0.005) were related to impairment in BADLs, and the same symptoms (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.21, p < 0.001; RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.20, p < 0.001; RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.08–1.21, p < 0.001, for apathy, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite disturbances, respectively), in addition to delusions (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15, p = 0.004), were related to IADL impairment. Symptom networks varied at different time points.Conclusion:As AD progresses, common (apathy) and uncommon NPSs (aberrant motor behavior, appetite disturbances, delusions) seem to be related to ADLs through various symptom interactions. Previous literature suggests that frontal pathology could underlie these relationships.

The Prediction of Chronic Persistent Versus Intermittent Tardive Dyskinesia

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Glazer ◽  
Hal Morgenstern ◽  
John T. Doucette
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Neuroleptic Medication ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Persistent Pattern ◽  
To Receive

Relatively little is known about the course of TD in patients continuing to receive neuroleptic medication. In a retrospective follow-up study of 192 patients seen two or more times (average 7.7 visits) over 3–55 months in the Yale Tardive Dyskinesia Clinic, 112 (58%) demonstrated a ‘chronic persistent’ pattern, the remainder an ‘intermittent’ pattern. The most important predictors of chronic persistent TD, using multiple logistic-regression analyses, included increased age and the presence of non-orofacial TD at baseline.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Alcohol Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Molly Blendberg ◽  
Svanlaug Àrnadottir ◽  
Kristine Tarp ◽  
Randi Bilberg
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Treatment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Aims Alcohol consumption is a threat to health worldwide and leads to substantial expenses for society. Previous studies have found differences between women and men regarding drinking behaviour and concluded that women need a more multipart type of alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment. This study aims to examine the differences in outcome between women and men who have completed public outpatient alcohol treatment. Methods A total of 3452 patients, who completed AUD treatment from 2006 to 2018, were included in this follow-up study. Data were collected from the Odense Alcohol Treatment Database. Analyses were performed using a χ2 test and multiple logistic regression. Results The calculations showed that women in AUD treatment had a better outcome if they had children (AOR 0.46, P ≤ 0.001) or were living with a partner with AUD (AOR 0.25–0.33, P ≤ 0.001). Women had a worse outcome if they had a higher educational level (AOR 1.40–1.69, P ≤ 0.001) or were employed (AOR 1.66–1.78, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions This study found that women had more problems associated with alcohol consumption than men, both before and after completion of AUD treatment. Women with employment or education had a poorer outcome than their male counterparts, whereas childcare responsibilities or having a partner with AUD provided a better outcome.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

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