Tall Requirements and “Small” Reality

Slavic Review ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris N. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Human Height ◽  
Height Data

In my view, the skeptical comments of Steven L. Hoch, whether intentionally or not, undeservedly discredit human height data as an indicator of the physiological status and well-being of populations, and possibly represent the historiographical appearance of a postmodern intellectual ideology, whose representatives look with distrust on historical sources. Hoch repeats some traditional objections connected with data on height: 1) terminal height—that is, the height a person attains by the age of 20 to 25–is not a true indicator of the physiological status and well-being of a population; 2) the precision of height data falls below the standard scientific requirements for reliable indicators; 3) periodization of the dynamics of physiological status of the population and of basic data on height is impossible in principle; 4) the reasons for changes in physiological status cannot be subjected to rigorous analysis.

Before the floras—Monographs

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Applied Biology ◽  
Major Consideration

The proposal is made that writing of national or regional floras is premature, and that systematic resources should be directed toward the preparation of monographs with cladistic analyses. This proposal results from one major consideration: that the preparation of floras does not require rigorous analysis of species definition and delimitation, and therefore the basic data (i.e. the species circumscriptions) are more unreliable than that in monographs. Furthermore, contrary to some published arguments, the data in floras are not presented and summarised in a format compatible with other areas of comparative and applied biology, whereas it is otherwise in a monograph with cladistic analysis. This proposition is based on the author’s experience in preparing both monographs and floristic treatments.

scholarly journals SCALES FOR MEASURING AGEISM AS EXPERIENCED BY OLDER ADULTS: LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGICAL CRITIQUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S245-S245
Author(s):  
Hyun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
People’S Attitudes

Abstract A growing body of research shows that ageism negatively affects older adults’ psychological well-being and even physical functioning. However, the tools to measure ageism as experienced by older adults are not well developed. This study reviewed the literature on ageism scale with an emphasis on the methodological issues. Most standardized ageism scales have focused on younger people’s attitudes and beliefs toward older adults. We found only one standardized scale that examined how older adults felt and thought about their experiences being treated as a stereotype. However, the scale is incomplete because it does not fully measure ageism and it has received far less rigorous analysis. Many studies have adopted and revised ageism scales that were developed specifically to measure younger people’s attitudes toward older adults, meaning that the scales’ validity has been problematic when administered to older adults. Furthermore, many studies that discussed older adults’ experience of ageism used uni-dimensional or simple measures. Although significant efforts have been made to outline ageism’s various dimensions and constructs, these efforts have not led to a common consensus on ageism and its characteristics. Lack of consensus, in turn, makes it harder to develop a standardized scale. Finally, existing scales are more suitable for Western societies. Socio-cultural uniqueness has not been considered when developing scales, nor has the scales’ cross-cultural reliability and validity been tested. Our findings suggest that a new scale that applies only to measuring ageism as perceived by older adults and corresponds to the significant dimensions of ageism must be developed.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Fertility Transition in Rural Aragón (Spain) Using Height Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8338
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Marco-Gracia ◽  
Margarita López-Antón
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Resource Dilution ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Investment In Children ◽  
Average Family Size ◽  
Family Resource ◽  
Height Data

Based on an analysis of the life trajectories of 2510 conscripts and their families from a Spanish rural area in the period 1835–1977, this paper studies the development of the fertility transition in relation to height using bivariate analyses. The use of heights is an innovative perspective of delving into the fertility transition and social transformation entailed. The results confirm that the men with a low level of biological well-being (related to low socio-economic groups) were those who started to control their fertility, perhaps due to the effect that increased average family size had on their budget. The children of individuals who controlled their fertility were taller than the children of other families. Therefore, the children of parents who controlled their fertility experienced the largest intergenerational increase in height (approximately 50% higher). This increase could be due to the consequence of a greater investment in children (Becker’s hypothesis) or a greater availability of resources for the whole family (resource dilution hypothesis).

scholarly journals The Influence of the Professional Orientation of Students of Different Gender on Their Ideas of Happiness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Olena STROYANOVSKA ◽  
◽  
Liubov DOLYNSKA ◽  
Nataliia SHEVCHENKO ◽  
Nataliia ANDRIIASHYNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Political Economic

In the conditions of unstable political, economic and social development of society the problem of quality of life, well-being, satisfaction of each citizen of the country acquires special importance. Research has shown that happiness is determined by various factors (age, marital, social and financial status, physiological status, social relations, personal characteristics), its level changes throughout life and can be corrected by certain psychological methods of influence. The purpose of our study was to study the state of development of the problem of happiness and study the content of the ideas of young people about happiness, their characteristics depending on gender and professional orientation. In order to study the peculiarities of the young generation's ideas about happiness, we studied 250 third-year students aged 20 to 22 years of various specialties. The researched questionnaire was asked to answer the questions, the analysis of which helped to make generalized conclusions about their ideas about happiness. The most of students rate their level of happiness as high or medium. But their level of happiness is much higher than their level of success, which can lead to a contradiction between the desire for success and happiness. This state of affairs requires correction of the content of ideas about happiness in adolescence by providing educational information about awareness of success as a process of self-realization and a component of happiness, the desire for integrated satisfaction of both material and spiritual needs for full personal development.

Income Inequality and Subjective Well-Being: Toward an Understanding of the Relationship and Its Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Katic ◽  
Paul Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Country Characteristics ◽  
Nested Structure ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship

Income inequality is emerging as the socioeconomic topic of our era. Yet there is no clear conclusion as to how income inequality affects the most comprehensive human outcome measure, subjective well-being (SWB). This study provides an explanation for the relationship between income inequality and SWB, by delving into its mechanisms, including egalitarian preferences, perceived fairness, social comparison concerns, as well as perceived social mobility. In a rigorous analysis using a large cross-country dataset, and accounting for the nested structure of the data, as well as controlling for a variety of individual and country characteristics, we find that SWB is higher where income inequality is higher. Importantly, we also find support for this relationship being moderated by perceptions of poverty being caused by unfairness, an individual’s relative socioeconomic standing, as well as beliefs about hard work leading to success. Our study highlights the dire need for further scholarly attention to income inequality and its complex effects on SWB.

Growing Taller, Living Longer? Anthropometric History and the Future of Old Age

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNARD HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Compression Of Morbidity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Height ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

In recent years, economic and social historians have made increasing use of anthropometric records (principally, records of human height and weight) to investigate changes in human health and well-being. This paper summarises some of the main findings of this research and demonstrates the remarkable increases in human height which have occurred during the course of the present century. The paper also examines the relationship between changes in average height and changes in life expectancy. Although most of the evidence assembled by anthropometric historians has been derived from records relating to schoolchildren and young adults, their work has profound implications for the study of health in old age. The concluding section examines the relevance of this work to current debates on the decline of mortality, the ‘compression of morbidity’ and the future of social policy.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal helminths of intensively managed poultry in Kwara Central, Kwara State, Nigeria: Its diversity, prevalence, intensity, and risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shola David Ola-Fadunsin ◽  
Patricia Isioma Uwabujo ◽  
Idiat Modupe Sanda ◽  
Isau Aremu Ganiyu ◽  
Karimat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Farm Type

Aim: Helminth infections inflict negatively on the production and well-being of animals including poultry. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, species diversity, intensity, and risk factors associated with the gastrointestinal helminths of intensively raised poultry in Kwara Central senatorial district of Kwara State. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 502 poultry species from 15 farms. The samples were subjected to floatation and the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques of examination. The intensity of infections was determined using McMaster counting technique. Results: Seven helminth species were detected with Heterakis gallinarum (10.2%) and Ascaridia galli (6.0%) been the most prevalent, while Capillaria species was the least prevalent (0.8%). Physiological status, bird type, production purpose, farm age (years), presence of other animals in the farm, flock size (birds), farm size (acres), housing type, farm type, frequency of anthelmintic use, distance to waste area (meters), level of biosecurity, and frequency of cleaning the pen were the risk factors significantly (p<0.05) associated with the presence of helminth infections. Conclusion: This study shows that helminth infections are endemic in the study area, as 66.7% of the sampled farms were infected with one or more helminth species. Findings from this study provide information that will assist in improving the poultry sector in Kwara State, Nigeria in general, for better production and profitability.

The Short and the Tall: Comparing Stature and Socioeconomic Status for Male Prison and Military Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-483
Author(s):  
Kris Inwood ◽  
Rebecca Kippen ◽  
Hamish Maxwell-Stewart ◽  
Richard Steckel
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Height Data

ABSTRACTOver the last four decades, historians and social scientists have become increasingly interested in the way in which information about stature might be used to explore the impact of environmental factors on the physical growth and well-being of past populations. A particular problem encountered by many researchers is that height data is only available for selected populations, typically military recruits or those admitted to correctional institutions. Evidence from Australian military and prison records demonstrate how the two social groups, soldiers and prisoners, differed from each other and from the wider population in terms of age, birthplace, occupation, and stature. Different patterns of observable characteristics conceal additional differences in intergenerational experience. We trace male prisoners and soldiers born between 1870 and 1899 in Tasmania to their birth records and thence to the marriages of their parents. This allows us to contrast social and occupational change from father to son for both prisoners and soldiers. We conclude that evidence arising from these institutionalized populations can be used to estimate wider societal trends, although caution needs to be exercised.

scholarly journals HEIGHT AND INEQUALITY IN SPAIN: A LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio D. Cámara ◽  
José Miguel Martínez-Carrión ◽  
Javier Puche ◽  
Josep-Maria Ramon-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Nutritional Improvement ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
Height Data ◽  
Sustained Increase

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the evolution of nutritional inequality in Spain among cohorts born between 1840 and 1964. With male height data (N = 358,253), the secular trend of biological well-being and intergenerational anthropometric inequalities are studied based on the coefficient of variation, height percentiles and socioeconomic categories (students, literate non-students and illiterate). The results reveal that the nutritional inequalities were very large in the mid-19th century. Anthropometric inequalities diminished among those born between 1880 and 1919 and increased again, although only moderately, from the cohorts of the 1920s. From the 1930s there was a cycle of sustained increase in height. Despite nutritional improvement, the data suggest that nutritional inequalities increased during the Franco regime, affecting the low-income population segments particularly.

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