scholarly journals Rethinking the Fertility Transition in Rural Aragón (Spain) Using Height Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8338
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Marco-Gracia ◽  
Margarita López-Antón
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Resource Dilution ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Investment In Children ◽  
Average Family Size ◽  
Family Resource ◽  
Height Data

Based on an analysis of the life trajectories of 2510 conscripts and their families from a Spanish rural area in the period 1835–1977, this paper studies the development of the fertility transition in relation to height using bivariate analyses. The use of heights is an innovative perspective of delving into the fertility transition and social transformation entailed. The results confirm that the men with a low level of biological well-being (related to low socio-economic groups) were those who started to control their fertility, perhaps due to the effect that increased average family size had on their budget. The children of individuals who controlled their fertility were taller than the children of other families. Therefore, the children of parents who controlled their fertility experienced the largest intergenerational increase in height (approximately 50% higher). This increase could be due to the consequence of a greater investment in children (Becker’s hypothesis) or a greater availability of resources for the whole family (resource dilution hypothesis).

scholarly journals Family Resource Dilution in Expanded Families and the Empowerment of Married Only Daughters: Evidence From the Educational Investment in Children in Urban China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Wang ◽  
Xiaotian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Educational Investment ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Resource Dilution ◽  
Investment In Children ◽  
Family Resource

The One-Child Policy dramatically changed the Chinese family structure, and the literature indicates that only children may have an advantage in terms of family resource dilution. Moreover, as Chinese families traditionally prioritize investing in sons, only daughters are found to have been empowered by the policy because they did not need to compete with their brothers for parental investment. However, the literature is limited to only teenage children when they were still living in their parents' homes. It is unclear whether—when the generation of only children grew up and married—their family structure differed from that of children with siblings and whether married only daughters retained more family resources from their parents. Based on the data analysis of a 2016 survey, “Study of Youths in 12 Cities of Mainland China,” including a sample of 1,007 fathers and 2,168 mothers born between 1975 and 1985, this study explores the empowerment of married only daughters, employing the theory of family resource dilution in expanded Chinese families. Using educational investment in children as an example, and with random intercept models, this study presents empirical evidence that the dilution of family resources in Chinese expanded families still benefits males and patrilineal practices. Thus, this study demonstrates that Chinese families still tend to sacrifice the interests of married daughters to ensure support for their adult sons. However, it also illustrates that married only daughters could still connect to their parents' resources, giving them a relatively dominant position for decision-making regarding the family's educational expenditure on her own children. Thus, this study extends our understanding of the family resource dilution theory to Chinese expanded families, underscoring the need for further research on Chinese only children after they marry and form families of their own.

Tall Requirements and “Small” Reality

Slavic Review ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris N. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Human Height ◽  
Height Data

In my view, the skeptical comments of Steven L. Hoch, whether intentionally or not, undeservedly discredit human height data as an indicator of the physiological status and well-being of populations, and possibly represent the historiographical appearance of a postmodern intellectual ideology, whose representatives look with distrust on historical sources. Hoch repeats some traditional objections connected with data on height: 1) terminal height—that is, the height a person attains by the age of 20 to 25–is not a true indicator of the physiological status and well-being of a population; 2) the precision of height data falls below the standard scientific requirements for reliable indicators; 3) periodization of the dynamics of physiological status of the population and of basic data on height is impossible in principle; 4) the reasons for changes in physiological status cannot be subjected to rigorous analysis.

scholarly journals Does sustainable consumption matter? Consumer grocery shopping behaviour andthe pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing Grace Phang ◽  
Bamini K.P.D. Balakrishnan ◽  
Hiram Ting
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic took the world by surprise in early 2020. The preventive measures imposed by many countries limited human movement, causing uncertainty and disrupting consumption patterns and consumer decision-making. This study aims to explore consumers’ panic buying (PB) and compulsive buying (CB) as outcomes of the intolerance of uncertainty (IU). The moderating role of sustainable consumption behaviours (SCBs) (e.g. quality of life [QOL], concern for future generation and concern for environmental well-being) were also tested to raise awareness of responsible and mindful consumption amongst the society and business stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach To empirically examine the grocery shopping behaviours of Malaysian consumers during COVID-19, a total of 286 valid grocery consumer survey responses based on a purposive sampling were collected and analysed during the movement control order period between March and July 2020. Findings The findings confirmed the statistically significant impact of IU on both PB and CB and the impact of PB on CB behaviour. Amongst the three SCBs tested, only QOL significantly moderated the relationship between the IU and PB. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to construct a framework of consumers’ PB and CB during the pandemic, building upon the stimulus-organism-response model and the concepts of IU and SCB. This study further serves as the pioneering study on the moderating role of SCB in consumer behaviour research in the pandemic context, whereby consumers’ QOL significantly moderates the relationship between their IU and PB. This study has also drawn specific implications for grocery retailers and government agencies for retail and policy planning to promote positive social transformation in consumer buying behaviours during a pandemic or crisis.

scholarly journals A neglected family resource for saving newborn lives - grandmothers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judi Aubel
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Systems ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Family Resource ◽  
Systems Framework

Abstract Across the globe, the well-being of newborns is greatly influenced by the knowledge and practices of family members, yet global policies and interventions primarily focus on strengthening health services to save newborn lives. Predominant approaches to promote newborn survival in non-western cultures across the Global South, based on a western, nuclear family model, ignore the role of family caregivers, whose attitudes and practices are influenced by culturally prescribed strategies embedded in family systems. This paper is an argumentative review of the literature which provides evidence of a neglected facet of newborn care, the role and influence of grandmothers. Based on a family systems frame, over the past ten years I identified research conducted in Africa, Asia and Latin America that examines family roles related to newborn care, specifically that of grandmothers. I identified numerous studies, from published and grey literatures, in English, French and Spanish, which provide evidence of grandmothers’ role as culturally-designated and influential newborn advisors and caregivers. Research from all three continents reveals that grandmothers play similar core roles in newborn care while their culturally-specific practices vary. Review findings support two conclusions. First, the conceptual basis for future newborn research should manifest a family systems framework, grounded in the structure and dynamics of non-western collectivist cultures. Second, newborn interventions should aim not only to strengthen health services but also influential family caregivers, namely grandmothers, and the indigenous social support networks of which they are a part, in order to improve family-level newborn practices and save newborn lives.

scholarly journals Migration decisions of parents and the nutrition intakes of children left at home in rural China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ning ◽  
H.-H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
At Home

Using an individual-level dataset drawn from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2009, this paper investigated whether the parental labour migration is associated with deficiencies in the nutrition intakes of children left at home in the rural area. The results show that the parental migration increases the probability of deficiency in the energy and protein intake of children left at home. Although several studies have pointed out that the parental remittances can increase the economic well-being of their children at home, this study points to an undesired cost of the parental migration. Governments should establish effective policies to promote the benefits of migration while minimizing the potential costs. In particular, specific social welfare programs targeting on children in the rural area can be designed to insecure the nutritional health of children left at home in the rural area.  

Factors Having an Effect on Well-being of Youth Living in Rural Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Jeong Choi ◽  
◽  
Hyeong Kwan Kim ◽  
Jin Hee Kim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Well Being

Gender and age implications of extended working life policies in the US and Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine Ní léime ◽  
Debra Street
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pension Costs ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Diverse Groups

Policies designed to extend working life and reduce pension costs have been the dominant policy response to population ageing. Such policies include increasing state pension age, flexible working and privatisation of pensions. Despite men’s and women’s typically different work-life trajectories, policymakers have paid little attention to either the differential effects of such policies on the economic well-being of older women and men, or to the implications for diverse groups of women. This article on policy, employment and pension outcomes in the US and Ireland analyses these issues, using a feminist political economy of ageing framework to assess the likely gender implications of these policy trends. It finds that existing and proposed reforms are likely to take what are already poor pension and employment outcomes for many contemporary older women and make them even worse in future. It concludes with suggested policy modifications and future avenues for research.

scholarly journals Impact of MGNREGA on Rural Development in Mobiripatty Panchayati in Dharmapuri District

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
V Chinnasamy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
The Village ◽  
Economic Well Being

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) indicates that the programme can have an impact positivelyon the social and economic well-being of rural labourers and their families in particular. It holds the great prospect of bringing significant changes in the rural area. MGNREGA has strengthened the social auditing through various mechanisms adopted by the scheme which is mandated to be implemented by the village panchayats. One of the prime requirements of the project is that it is to be performed by the village panchayat not through the contractors either appointed by the panchayats.

scholarly journals The Impact of Spousal Chronic Health Shock on Subjective Well-Being Among Elderly in China: An Urban-Rural Dimension

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Dan Cao ◽  
Yaxin Zhao ◽  
Dantong Zhao ◽  
Yangling Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Health Shock ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Backgrounds Chronic conditions could bring not only heavy economic burden on families, but also had negative emotional and mental impacts to patients and their family members. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of chronic health shock of elderly people on spousal subjective well-being in China from urban-rural dimension.Methods We used two most recent databases —2011 and 2015—of China Health and Nutrition Survey, and the total sample were categorized into urban sample and rural sample. Participants were defined as treatment group if his/her spouse was diagnosed with chronic disease in 2015 and not diagnosed in 2011; others were defined as control group. Propensity score matching was used to evaluate the average treatment effect of treated(ATT)of spousal chronic health shock. Ordinary linear square(OLS) regression was also deployed to explore the relationship between spousal chronic health shock and subjective well-being.Results The total sample size was 2577, with 1023 in urban area and 1554 in rural area. ATT in urban area was -0.209 in radius matching with caliper, and it is statistically significant; however, in rural area, ATT was 0.069, and it didn’t achieve statistical significance. The results of OLS regression after PSM also suggested that spousal chronic health shock had a negative effect on subjective well-being of urban elderly, and for rural elderly, there was no such an effect.Conclusions Our study highlights more attention needs to be paid in subjective well-being of individual whose spouse suffers from chronic conditions, especially in urban China.

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