Experimental Whisky Fermentations: Influence of Wort Pretreatments

In addition to ethanol yield, the production of flavour congeners during fermentation is a major consideration for Scotch whisky producers. Experimental whisky fermentations can provide useful information to the industry, and this is the focus of this paper. This study investigated the impact of wort pretreatments (boiled, autoclaved, filtered) on fermentation performance and flavour development in Scotch whisky distillates as an alternative to freezing wort for storage. Our study showed that no significant sensorial differences were detected in low wines (first distillates), while the chemical compositions showed clear changes in increased levels of esters and higher alcohols in boiled and autoclaved wort. In contrast, filtered wort comprised overall lower levels of congeners. Regarding alcohol yield, all three pretreatments resulted in decreased yields. In practice, the pretreatment of wort prior to fermentation requires additional process operations, while freezing requires large storage units. The pretreatments adopted in this study significantly influence the composition of the malt wort used for experimental whisky fermentations, and this results in a poorer fermentation performance compared with untreated wort. We recommend the use of fresh or frozen wort as the best options for small-scale fermentation trials.

Bustanussalatin Park characteristics as an image shaper of Banda Aceh City

Imagery is a memory of an event that is re-conveyed through the traces of historical relics or collective memories of society. Bustanussalatin Park is currently a small part of Ghairah Park, which was built by Sultan Iskandar Tsani during the Sultanate of Aceh. Bustanussalatin Park has an area of 2.18 ha which is smaller than before due to the physical development of the city at that time by the Dutch colonial. This paper aims to identify and analyze garden elements (hardscape and softscape) in Bustanussalatin Park and explore public perceptions regarding the characteristics of the current Bustanussalatin park. This study contains public perceptions of the history, extrinsic, and ecological aspects of Bustanussalatin Park as a green open space in providing design recommendations by the image of Banda Aceh City as the city center of the past Islamic empire. The approach of study in the form of qualitative architectural history study is descriptive chronologically. The results show two important things: a) the historical value of the park has not been a major consideration; b) most of the community still wants the presence of Acehnese plant elements, in addition to presenting the needs of public play facilities for now. Recommendations bustanussalatin park design in shaping the image of the city of Banda Aceh by presenting a variety of typical plants of Aceh by the function of the park in the form of protective plants (Jeumpa), directing plants and plants for aesthetics.

Fatigue performance of surface ground and wire electrical discharge machined TiNi shape memory alloy

Fatigue performance is a major consideration for critical aerospace components. The influence of surface grinding and rough/finish wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) on the high cycle fatigue performance of a binary Ti50.8-Ni49.2 shape memory alloy was assessed. The effect of machined workpiece surface integrity in terms of surface roughness and subsurface microhardness on the fatigue results was also evaluated, in addition to fractography analysis. Testing was performed using a tensile-tensile regime at an elevated temperature of 150°C with specimens in the austenitic phase. Ground samples showed the highest fatigue strength of 390 MPa at run-out of 1.2 × 107 cycles, while finish and rough WEDM specimens were 21% and 57% lower respectively, despite the finish WEDM surfaces having significantly lower roughness. This was likely due to the presence of tensile residual stresses following WEDM. All of the S-N curves however exhibited a relatively flat response with no clear indication of endurance limits. This implies that the different machining processes/conditions affected the fatigue strength of the material, but not the overall trend/shape of the fatigue curves.

The Portrayal of Character Building in American Animation Film Frozen

There is no doubt that having good characters is essential to everyone in society. Character is even a major consideration in the world of education. For this reason, character building is considered important to be explored. By using entertainment media such as movie, this library research concentrates on the character building symbolized through the American animation films Frozen (2013) and Frozen II (2019). Besides the main data from the films, reference sources in the form of books and journals were also used for analysis. Hall’s theory of representation was applied to analyze the data gathered for this study such as dialogs and the description of scenes from the films to identify how the character building is represented through the films as well as to understand the essence of character building. The result showed that the animation films observed in this study can represent good characters through seven values such as bravery, politeness, sacrifice, empathy, curiosity, confidence, and caring. Additionally, this study also reveals that the concept of character is associated with life values, morality and attitude and therefore, character building is significant to shape people with quality in order to create peace and harmony in society. Through this study, it expected that the findings can contribute to the development of the theory in humanities and education and it can provide better understanding to people about character building through American animated films.

ASSESSING THE FACTORS THAT CAN ENHANCE OR HINDER COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR ETHNO-CULTURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SOME SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE

Major consideration affecting all aspects of tourism planning including fundamental decisions on attitude and policy is dependent on the extent to which either development or community support is to be given precedence. This paper attempts to assess the factors that can enhance or hinder community support for tourism development, a kind of symbiotic relationship in the harnessing tourism potentials. After all, tourism exerts both detrimental and beneficial influences on local community. It degrades irreversibly the very attractions which justifies and attract it, and on the other hand it enhances the socio-economic interest of the local people and authorities are challenged to appreciate the value of community support in tourism development. 316 semi structured interview were conducted on six different ethnic communities with varying ethno cultural tourism potentials. The result reveal that most resident communities are ready to support ethno-cultural tourism development in their community if they are going to benefit (economically), through job creation, infrastructural development and cultural revitalization. The paper recommends that planning and development of tourism should be geared towards ethno-cultural tourism as strongly advocated by local community to gain their support for a sustainable tourism development initiative

THE QUALITY OF TUBERCULOSIS SERVICES IN PATIENTS’ PERSPECTIVES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: The assessment from the patient's perspective is the assurance of TB service’ quality to achieve the "End TB" target. The information regarding TB services’ quality assessment in the dimensions of QUOTE TB Light is not widely found.Aims: The study aims to review TB services' quality from the patients’ perspective in the 7 dimensions of QUOTE TB Light.Methods: This literature review study searched from 3 databases, namely PubMed, Science-Direct, and Google Scholar since July - October 2020. The inclusion criteria were research on TB services quality, patients’ perspective, and patient assessment of 7 dimenssion. Articles assessed the other health services’ quality and published before January 2015 was excluded.Results: A total of 7 from 89 articles found were selected for review. The patients’ assessments are based on their experiences or satisfactions. Most of the studies are satisfied with service availability, communication, patient-provider interactions, competence, and affordability. The patients’ dissatisfactions about infrastructure and stigma acquired during treatment.Conclusion: Infrastructure and stigma are assessed negatively. The continously evaluation and training for health workers need to be improved so they can serve patients well. The patients’ perspectives can be the major consideration for providers to enhance the TB services’ quality.Keywords: Quality of TB services, QUOTE TB Light, patients’ perspectives, Tuberculosis

Communicating with complex cancer patients in the COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 has necessitated significant modifications to usual cancer care delivery. A major consideration from the outset has been maintaining effective communication with cancer patients to keep them informed and engaged, as well as safe. One of positive developments of the pandemic has been the rapid introduction of enhanced technology into the NHS, particularly online platforms and video conferencing. The use of telehealth technology within complex cancer care has positively transformed communication with outpatients and between clinical teams. This article discusses the rationale, perceived benefits and factors to consider when making these changes.

Kepuasan, Kepercayaan, Komitmen dan Loyalitas Mahasiswa

Universities in Indonesia, including in Bandung, inspite of being a social organization, it must be able to compete with the foreign universities. Internal Marketing approach is one way to analyze the strengths of Internal Resources owned by a service company. This study examines the mediating role of satisfaction in trust and commitment relationships with loyalty in a University in Bandung. Sample size is 162 respondents whom taken by self-administered questionnaires from bureau academic staff of X University. This research shows that satisfaction is still a major consideration that cause loyalty, since there is a fully mediating role of satisfaction in trust and loyalty relationship. It means that trust should be elaborated into satisfaction firstly before turn into loyalty. The authors also make some recommendations, especially the recommendation that satisfaction is still an important factor in determining loyalty, It means that a universities in Bandung should developed employees’ satisfaction to survive in the borderless economic competition.

Revival of Leishmanization and Leishmanin

Leishmaniasis includes a spectrum of diseases ranging from debilitating cutaneous to fatal visceral infections. This disease is caused by the parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania that is transmitted by infected sandflies. Over 1 billion people are at risk of leishmaniasis with an annual incidence of over 2 million cases throughout tropical and subtropical regions in close to 100 countries. Leishmaniasis is the only human parasitic disease where vaccination has been successful through a procedure known as leishmanization that has been widely used for decades in the Middle East. Leishmanization involved intradermal inoculation of live Leishmania major parasites resulting in a skin lesion that following natural healing provided protective immunity to re-infection. Leishmanization is however no longer practiced due to safety and ethical concerns that the lesions at the site of inoculation that can last for months in some people. New genome editing technologies involving CRISPR has now made it possible to engineer safer attenuated strains of Leishmania, which induce protective immunity making way for a second generation leishmanization that can enter into human trials. A major consideration will be how the test the efficacy of a vaccine in the midst of the visceral leishmaniasis elimination program. One solution will be to use the leishmanin skin test (LST) that was also used for decades to determine exposure and immunity to Leishmania. The LST involves injection of antigen from Leishmania in the skin dermis resulting in a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune reaction associated with a Th1 immune response and protection against visceral leishmaniasis. Reintroduction of novel approaches for leishmanization and the leishmanin skin test can play a major role in eliminating leishmaniasis.

Postharvest storage.

Successful postharvest storage of horticultural produce is a vital aspect of feeding the world's population and has been so for as long as crops have been cultivated. Many fruit, nut, grain, vegetable, cut flower and ornamental crops deteriorate rapidly postharvest unless specific treatments, curing, drying or temperatures are maintained to slow the rate of respiration and reduce the occurrence of fungal and bacterial decay. Postharvest storage aims to preserve the desirable characteristics and nutritional quality of produce for as long as is required before consumption. Along with this, food safety during storage is a major consideration as is consumer perception of appearance, taste and increasingly these days, convenience and nutrition.