Some Uses of R-Mode Analysis in Archaeology

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Dumond
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Correlation ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Average Linkage ◽  
Proportional Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Small Tool

AbstractOne kind of R-mode analysis, the examination of the co-occurrence of particular artifact classes across a number of collections, facilitates the identification of recurrent artifact clusters. Its use with proportional data, however, requires the safeguard of equalizing collection sizes, which in turn may necessitate the use of some statistic other than the product-moment coefficient of correlation. Two examples of R-mode analysis are given, both using an average-linkage clustering procedure. The first uses proportional data from unmixed collections of a southwestern Alaskan phase of the Arctic Small Tool tradition, permitting a definition of artifact groups that may represent specialized activities, and highlighting 1 cluster that may have specifically temporal significance; some results of factor analysis are compared. The second example employs presence-absence information from surface-collected ceramics from Tlaxcala, Mexico, and makes possible a refinement of the ceramic sequence.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EMPIRIS INKLUSIFITAS KEUANGAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Azwar Azwar Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Coefficient Of Correlation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Moment Coefficient

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan menganalisis inklusifitas keuangan syariah pada 33 provinsi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder berbasis tahunan dari publikasi Bank Indonesia dan Badan Pusat Statistik, penelitian ini mengestimasi inklusifitas keuangan syariah di Indonesia dengan metode Index for Syariah Financial Inclusion (ISFI)  yang dikembangkan dari Sarma (2012)  berdasarkan tiga dimensi pengukuran yaitu accessibility, availability dan usage of banking services. Penelitian ini secara empiris membuktikan bahwa indeks inklusifitas keuangan syariah di Indonesia secara umum tergolong rendah yaitu dengan average value sebesar 0,127. Pada tingkat provinsi, ditemukan bahwa Provinsi Bangka Belitung memiliki indeks inklusifitas tertinggi dibandingkan provinsi lainnya di Indonesia. Temuan ini bermakna bahwa kelompok masyarakat tidak sepenuhnya menggunakan jasa keuangan formal, khususnya, sebagai sumber keuangan dan pembiayaan utama, sehingga pengambil kebijakan perlu untuk meningkatkan availabilitas keuangan syariah dengan menambah dan memperluas layanan perbankan syariah di Indonesai khususnya pada Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga menganalisis hubungan antara inklusifitas keuangan syariah dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Melalui metode Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation, penelitian ini menemukan adanya korelasi positif dan signifikan antara inklusiftas keuangan syariah dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia. Umumnya, provinsi dengan Human Devepelment Index (HDI) yang tinggi dan medium dapat dianalogikan relatif memiliki inklusi keuangan yang tinggi pula.

scholarly journals Permafrost Hydrology Research Domain: Process-Based Adjustment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Tananaev ◽  
Roman Teisserenc ◽  
Matvey Debolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Linguistic Relativity ◽  
Water Migration ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
The Arctic Region

Permafrost hydrology is an emerging discipline, attracting increasing attention as the Arctic region is undergoing rapid change. However, the research domain of this discipline had never been explicitly formulated. Both 'permafrost' and 'hydrology' yield differing meanings across languages and scientific domains, hence 'permafrost hydrology' serves as an example of linguistic relativity. The differing views of permafrost as either an ecosystem class or a geographical region, and hydrology as a discipline concerned with either landscapes or generic water bodies, maintain a language-specific touch in the definition of permafrost hydrology. From this point of view, the English and Russian usage of this term is explained. A universal process-based definition is further proposed, developed on a specific process assemblage, including (i) water table dynamics caused by migration of an upper aquitard through freeze–thaw processes; (ii) water migration in soil matrix, driven by phase transitions in the active layer; (iii) transient water storage in solid state in the subsurface compartment. This definition is shown to fill the niche in existing vocabulary, and other definitions from northern hydrology field are revisited.

scholarly journals Changes of the Arctic marginal ice zone during the satellite era

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1971-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Rolph ◽  
Daniel L. Feltham ◽  
David Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Marginal Ice Zone ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. Many studies have shown a decrease in Arctic sea ice extent. It does not logically follow, however, that the extent of the marginal ice zone (MIZ), here defined as the area of the ocean with ice concentrations from 15 % to 80 %, is also changing. Changes in the MIZ extent has implications for the level of atmospheric and ocean heat and gas exchange in the area of partially ice-covered ocean and for the extent of habitat for organisms that rely on the MIZ, from primary producers like sea ice algae to seals and birds. Here, we present, for the first time, an analysis of satellite observations of pan-Arctic averaged MIZ extent. We find no trend in the MIZ extent over the last 40 years from observations. Our results indicate that the constancy of the MIZ extent is the result of an observed increase in width of the MIZ being compensated for by a decrease in the perimeter of the MIZ as it moves further north. We present simulations from a coupled sea ice–ocean mixed layer model using a prognostic floe size distribution, which we find is consistent with, but poorly constrained by, existing satellite observations of pan-Arctic MIZ extent. We provide seasonal upper and lower bounds on MIZ extent based on the four satellite-derived sea ice concentration datasets used. We find a large and significant increase (>50 %) in the August and September MIZ fraction (MIZ extent divided by sea ice extent) for the Bootstrap and OSI-450 observational datasets, which can be attributed to the reduction in total sea ice extent. Given the results of this study, we suggest that references to “rapid changes” in the MIZ should remain cautious and provide a specific and clear definition of both the MIZ itself and also the property of the MIZ that is changing.

scholarly journals Photojournalism as a Creator of Values: otherness in Sámi representations

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Lehtela
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simple Definition

The research draws on the insights provided by photojournalism to examine the values and value formation of journalism in relation to power and ethnic minorities. News photos are representations which affect emotions; they engender meanings about reality and settings more subtly than texts. Photojournalism makes value judgments on issues, groups and persons through the size of the photos, settings, poses, the roles depicted, and simply by choosing who is photographed. The material to be analysed consists of news photos dealing with the Sámi published in the Arctic press. My particular focus is the news items dealing with the Sámi and how the ethnic minority is depicted in those representations. The methods to be used are content analysis and formal photo analysis. I use the concept of otherness for determining journalists’ valuations. A simple definition of otherness could be ‘being an outsider’.

Attributes for Executing Change in an Agile Information System

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Chaudhary ◽  
Micki Hyde ◽  
James A Rodger
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
System A ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Current

Information Systems (IS) agility is a current topic of interest in the IS industry. The study follows up on work on the definition of the construct of IS agility and attributes for sensing and diagnosis in an agile IS. IS agility is defined as the ability of an IS to sense a change in real time; diagnose it in real time; and select and execute an action in real time. This paper explores the attributes for selecting and executing a response in an Agile Information System. A set of attributes were initially derived using the practitioner literature and then refined using interviews with practitioners. The attributes' importance and validity was established using a survey of the industry. All attributes derived in this study were deemed pertinent for selecting and executing a change in an agile information system. Dimensions underlying these attributes were identified using Exploratory Factor Analysis. This list of attributes can form the basis for assessing and establishing execution mechanisms to increase IS Agility.

scholarly journals Permafrost Hydrology Research Domain: Process-Based Adjustment

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nikita Tananaev ◽  
Roman Teisserenc ◽  
Matvey Debolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Surface Dynamics ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Permafrost hydrology is an emerging discipline, attracting increasing attention as the Arctic region is undergoing rapid change. However, the research domain of this discipline had never been explicitly formulated. Both ‘permafrost’ and ‘hydrology’ yield differing meanings across languages and scientific domains; hence, ‘permafrost hydrology’ serves as an example of cognitive linguistic relativity. From this point of view, the English and Russian usages of this term are explained. The differing views of permafrost as either an ecosystem class or a geographical region, and hydrology as a discipline concerned with either landscapes or generic water bodies, maintain a language-specific touch of the research in this field. Responding to a current lack of a unified approach, we propose a universal process-based definition of permafrost hydrology, based on a specific process assemblage, specific to permafrost regions and including: (1) Unconfined groundwater surface dynamics related to the active layer development; (2) water migration in the soil matrix, driven by phase transitions in the freezing active layer; and (3) transient water storage in both surface and subsurface compartments, redistributing runoff on various time scales. This definition fills the gap in existing scientific vocabulary. Other definitions from the field are revisited and discussed. The future of permafrost hydrology research is discussed, where the most important results would emerge at the interface between permafrost hydrology, periglacial geomorphology, and geocryology.

Comparing academic and aboriginal definitions of Arctic identities

Polar Record ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Jacques Dorais
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
Aboriginal Populations ◽  
Individual Nature ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

During the last decades, scholarly studies on Arctic identities have been on the increase, but less is known about how academic viewpoints diverge from aboriginal perspectives. The aim of this article is to compare both points of view, by looking at the way some academic specialists define Arctic identities, in contrast — or convergence — with how one Arctic people, the Inuit, perceive who they are. Twelve scholars conducting social research in the north and recognised for their competence were interviewed on their definition of identity and their assessment of the current situation of Arctic aboriginal populations. Their responses show that they view identity as a relational and constructed process, a process that continues without much disruption despite rapid social and cultural change. As modern Inuit are concerned, ethnography and personal testimonies tend to show that they perceive identity as an open-ended and individual — as opposed to collective — relationship rather than as a way of classifying people. Inuit perceptions agree on some points — the relational aspects for instance — but diverge on others — for example, the primarily individual nature of identity — from those of the interviewed scholars, and they should be taken into account in any assessment of the current human situation in the Arctic.

Prevalence of Soft Law in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-307
Author(s):  
Hema Nadarajah
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Binding Forms ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Definition Of

Soft law has been observed to be increasing within the frontiers – regions and issue-areas that extend beyond national jurisdiction, and where governance substantively integrates scientific and technological knowledge. The often-used assumption for the prevalence of such instruments has been the uncertainty of scientific knowledge. This paper takes this facile analysis further by examining the dynamic changes to the number and diversity of state and non-state actors as well as their relative influence. Using a revised definition of soft law which encompasses both binding and non-binding forms, this article shows that this has not been the case. Through analysis of the legal framework within which the region is governed and a mixed methodology drawing from the fields of international relations and international law, this research confirms that soft law is prevalent within the Arctic and that it is an outcome of domestic politics, as well as geopolitical tensions among the relevant states.

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