Disembedded Capitals Reconsidered

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Santley
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Craft Specialization ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Monte Alban ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca

The concept of a disembedded capital is viewed as a specious construct. The logical foundations of disembeddedness of political authority from local commerical hierarchies are viewed as largely untenable, at least in prehispanic Mesoamerica, and the close parallels between Monte Albán and Teotihuacán in terms of general site location, access to prime agricultural land, level of craft specialization required to meet local needs, and local market patterns suggest that both sites had similar roles with respect to local central-place support hierarchies. An alternative evolutionary model is then offered, one which relates developments manifest in the Basin of Mexico and in the Valley of Oaxaca to an economic and political strategy which seeks to minimize labor input and amount of systemic risk.

Evolutionary model of the central place hierarchical system

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1614-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuQi Lu ◽  
LinWang Yuan ◽  
YeXi Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Hierarchical System

scholarly journals Agriculture's Stake in Rural Economic Development

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Basic Medical

This paper considers the effect of economic progress in the nonfarm sectors of urban-industrial areas on the viability of the current farm structure in the United States. These urban-industrial areas may be located in nonmetropolitan counties that are often considered part of “rural America” (Bender, et al.) Furthermore, they are best defined as those areas of nonmetropolitan America that have clusters of employment opportunities. These clusters are increasingly dominated by an array of trade and service activities although they are of lower order in the central place hierarchy than found in metropolitan areas. For example, basic medical services may be provided but there is an insufficient local market to justify many specialized medical services.

The Isthmus and the Valley of Oaxaca: Questions about Zapotec Imperialism in Formative Period Mesoamerica

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Zeitlin
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Monte Alban ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Late Formative ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
Outlying Regions

Recent archaeological and epigraphic research suggests the existence of what could be Mesoamerica's first conquest state, centered at Monte Albán, the major Late Formative period Zapotec site in the Valley of Oaxaca. This paper explores the idea of an early Zapotec empire by examining evidence from one of Monte Albán's outlying regions, the southern Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The study is framed in terms of three hypothetical models of political and economic interaction, any one or combination of which could conceivably account for ancient Zapotec relationships with the southern Isthmus and its other hinterland regions.

The Production Step Measure: An Ordinal Index of Labor Input in Ceramic Manufacture

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Feinman ◽  
Steadman Upham ◽  
Kent G. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Late Postclassic ◽  
Archaeological Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Manufacture ◽  
Ordinal Index

We present the production step measure, an ordinal scale index of the labor input in ceramic manufacture. The measure is used to compare the relative labor costs of producing different kinds of pottery vessels. It is then employed in an analysis of archaeological ceramic samples from the Late Postclassic Valley of Oaxaca and the Reserve phase in the Pine Lawn Valley, New Mexico.

Spindle Whorls from El Palmillo: Economic Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey B. Carpenter ◽  
Gary M. Feinman ◽  
Linda M. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Craft Specialization ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
Spindle Whorls ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Cloth Production

AbstractWe analyze household inventories from eight excavated residences at El Palmillo (Oaxaca, Mexico) with a focus on a large sample of spindle whorls. Measurement of the whorls provides a basis to suggest that a variety of fibers were spun in these Classic period households; however, the particular mix of fibers varied in each residence. The distribution of whorls by size and production technique was compared with the spatial patterning of other tool classes related to cloth production to illustrate that each household participated with differing intensity in the various steps of the cloth-making process while also being involved in other economic pursuits. The domestic multicrafting, along with the clear procurement of domestic goods through intra- and extracommunity transfers, is indicative of economic practices that incorporate both interdependence and flexibility to operate in a socioeconomic setting prone to fluctuations in both demand and climatic conditions such as those found in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. The model generated from this bottom-up analysis illustrates the limitation of the command-oriented models of the prehispanic Mesoamerican economy and sheds new light on craft specialization and economic strategies that vary not only between elite and nonelite families but among commoner households as well.

scholarly journals RESOURCES AND EFFECTIVE CONDITIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CEREAL AND OIL PLANTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (3) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Dariusz Czakowski ◽  
Andrzej Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Land Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Resource Conditions

The aim of the article was to compare the resource conditions and efficiency of cereal and oil plant production in individual EU member states and assess changes over the analyzed decade 2007-2016. This implementation was used to construct three indicators regarding resource conditions, which are the relation of land and labor (area of agricultural land/labor input AWU), capital and land (value of fixed assets/area of agricultural land), and capital and labor (value of fixed assets/labor input AWU). In turn, production efficiency was determined using the following indicators: the ratio of production and land (value of production/area of agricultural land), production and labor (value of production/labor input AWU) and production and capital (value of production/value of fixed assets). The above indicators were developed for the years 2007-2009, 2010-2013 and 2014-2016, and then the position in ranking and distance from the model for each country were determined using the Hellwig method. The research used data from the Accounting Data Network from Agricultural Holdings. The obtained results indicate a high level of convergence between the resources owned by agricultural holdings and production results achieved. There was also a significant difference between the development of individual resource and efficiency indicators in favor of producers from the so-called “old Union”, towards countries that joined the EU after 2004. However, comparing the results achieved in individual periods, it can be concluded that this disproportion was diminishing.

scholarly journals Description on some rescued turtles and their translocation at Turtle Rescue and Conservation Centre (TRCC), Sanischare, Jhapa

BIBECHANA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Milan Kharel ◽  
Damodar Thapa Chhetry
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
First Time ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present paper deals with the brief introduction of Turtle Rescue and Conservation Centre (TRCC) and description of some rescued turtles. Nine specimens of turtles belonging to five genera were rescued and translocated to the centre till date including 9.3 kg male Indian Peacock soft-shelled turtle (Nilssonia hurum) for the first time from Jhapa district. The rescue operations were conducted for the translocation of turtles confiscated from the local market, censorial collectors, fisherman and public residence. The high resolution photographs of captured specimens, their necessary biometry and GPS coordinates of location were taken. Species identification was done with the help of and pictorial field guide and relevant literatures. Climatic data of study area were recorded from Gainde Irrigation Project, Maidhar, Jhapa. Interviews were taken during field visits with the help of structured questionnaire. Preliminary rescue data showed that the Indian flap-shelled turtle (Lissemys punctata) and Yellow bellied roofed turtle (Pangshura flaviventer) were the most overexploited species in the vicinities of the study area. The climatic condition of the rescue centre and water quality found suitable to support terrestrial and freshwater turtles and other various wetland flora and fauna. However, the rapid population growth and habitat destruction due to deforestation, unmanaged urbanization and expansion of agricultural land are found as the major threats to the survival of turtles and other wetland creatures at the study area and its vicinities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10394 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 141-148

scholarly journals Ancient palace complex (300–100 BC) discovered in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (15) ◽  
pp. 3805-3814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa M. Redmond ◽  
Charles S. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Monte Alban ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Late Formative ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
State Emergence

Recently completed excavations at the site of El Palenque in Mexico’s Valley of Oaxaca have recovered the well-preserved remains of a palace complex dated by associated radiocarbon samples and ceramics to the Late Formative period or Late Monte Albán I phase (300–100 BC), the period of archaic state emergence in the region. The El Palenque palace exhibits certain architectural and organizational features similar to the royal palaces of much later Mesoamerican states described by Colonial-period sources. The excavation data document a multifunctional palace complex covering a maximum estimated area of 2,790 m2 on the north side of the site’s plaza and consisting of both governmental and residential components. The data indicate that the palace complex was designed and built as a single construction. The palace complex at El Palenque is the oldest multifunctional palace excavated thus far in the Valley of Oaxaca.

A Late Monte Albán I Phase (300–100 B.C.) Palace in the Valley of Oaxaca

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Spencer ◽  
Elsa M. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Work Groups ◽  
First Century ◽  
Royal Palace ◽  
Monte Alban ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
San Martín

AbstractA masonry and adobe construction called the “Area I Palace” was excavated by the authors at the site of El Palenque (SMT-llb), located near San Martín Tilcajete in the Ocotlán district of the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. The Area I Palace covered 850 m2and consisted of nine interconnected structures, one of which was an elaborate residence that measured 16 m by 16 m and had eight rooms arranged around an interior patio. Several additional platforms and two paved courtyards were probably more ceremonial in nature. There is evidence that multiple work groups were involved in the construction of the palace. The associated ceramics and four radiocarbon samples indicate that the palace was built at the beginning of the Late Monte Albán I phase (300–100 B.C.) and abandoned in the first century B.C. It is argued that the Area I Palace is one of earliest known examples of a Zapotec quihuitào or royal palace.

scholarly journals Importance of tunnelling for infrastructure development in Nepal

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Year 2000

Tunnel and underground works of smaller dimensions were introduced in Nepal by the early miners during the 19th century. They applied their traditional technology to mine the ores of copper. Iron, lead, cobalt, and nickel. But, their activity virtually came to an end when these metals were easily available in the local market through the supply from India. Tunnelling for the 1 MW Tinau Hydropower Project done by Nepalese technician through the Siwalik rocks was a pioneering activity to convince the concerned institutions and technicians that tunnelling through hills and mountains of Nepal is technically feasible. There were fourteen operational tunnels and eleven test audits (36.16 km in total length) driven through different rocks and geological conditions in Nepal up to 1999. They have successfully dissected the Siwaliks, Midlands, and the Higher Himalaya irrespective of their geological conditions and rock types. At present, seven tunnel projects are under construction, which will augment an additional length of 28.436 km by the year 2000. Today, hydropower development without perception of a tunnel component is virtually impossible. It is also true for the supply of irrigation water in a year-round basis to the agricultural land of the Terai. A demand for tunnel works in the improvement of water supply system and road network is also emerging in urban areas like Kathmandu. The need of a 28 km long tunnel is identified in the Kathmandu-Melamchi Water Supply Project, which will be the first tunnel to supply drinking water in Nepal. Similarly, the Kathmandu-Hetaunda Direct Link Project will be the first of its kind to use tunnels of 3.8 km to 7.5 km in length.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document