“Monastic Landlordism” in Ceylon: A Traditional System in a Modern Setting

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Dieter Evers
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Political System ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
System A ◽  
Caste Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Autonomous Development

Studies on social and political change tend to emphasize factors promoting change rather than factors maintaining or reenforcing an existing or a “traditional” social and political system. Among the topics studied from this point of view in Ceylon are the “disintegrating village” (Sarkar and Tambiah 1957), the caste system, a “system in transition” (Ryan 1953), the impact of population growth and colonial legislation on “land tenure in Village Ceylon” (Obeyesekere 1966 and Leach 1961), the development of a western political system and the newly “emerging elite” (Singer 1964), and the impact of industrialization and economic development on the Ceylonese community and caste structure and the “emergence of a class of industrial entrepreneurs” (Evers 1964). In all these booklength studies traditional Sinhalese institutions and values are depicted as distintegrating under the pressure of various factors of change and only limited attention is paid to institutions which effectively counteract westernization, modernization, and possibly change. It is perhaps interesting to note that in line with this way of arguing, the renaissance of Buddhism and the emergence of a strong Buddhist Sinhalese nationalism is viewed as a reaction to western influences rather than an autonomous development of Sinhalese society and culture.

Land Control in Kenya

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Coldham
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Nineteen Fifties ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Class A ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Land Control

As the land adjudication and consolidation programme made progress in the Kikuyu Land Unit in the middle of the nineteen-fifties, it became clear that the traditional system of land tenure would have to be replaced by a system based on the registration of individual titles. Customary law was seen as an obstacle to agricultural development. Customary rules of inheritance could destroy the benefits of land consolidation. Moreover, the individual farmer had little incentive to develop his holding under customary arrangements. This point of view was illustrated by the Swynnerton Plan which proposed that “the African farmer … be provided with such security of tenure through an indefeasible title as will encourage him to invest his labour and profits into the development of his farm and as will enable him to offer it as security against financial credits”. Swynnerton hoped that the security of title conferred by registration would create a land market enabling fanners owning unviable plots or unworkable fragments to sell them off to neighbours who would be in a position to develop them more effectively. In this way “… energetic or rich Africans will be able to acquire more land and bad or poor farmers less, creating a landed and a landless class”, a process which he calls “a normal step in the evolution of a country”.

Modern Developments in African Land Tenure: an Aspect of Culture Change

Africa ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Mair
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
African Society ◽  
General Application ◽  
Modern Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infinite Range

African land tenure is a subject so vast that in dealing with it one hesitates to commit oneself to statements of general application lest particular instances should be found to controvert them. Yet, when it is considered from the point of view of culture change, it is possible to discern a number of general trends, the nature of which is similar because their cause is the same–the impact on African society of the commercial economy of Western Europe with its infinite range of forms of wealth and possibilities of acquiring them. Though other forces too are active in the modern process of culture change, this is the most pervasive, and its influence can be traced in the development of every institution. In the case of land rights, closely bound up as they are with systems of production, the influence is direct and obvious.

scholarly journals Measurement of the return on investment in education and in-house training

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (325) ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Dziechciarz
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

The level of awareness and acceptance of the need to enhance volume and intensity of investment in education and in-house training is increasing. This phenomenon stems from the following facts: the aging of the European societies; an intense technological and organizational progress; and a noticeable process of extension of the scope and length of professional and personal development and activity; accompanied with employees' expectations for better quality of life. The increase in the level of acceptance of the need for increased investment in education and training of employees is accompanied by new challenges, including, in the first place, the need to redefine the approach to investment in training and to the evaluation of its results. The „High-Efficiency‟ point of view, alongside the assessment of the advisability of investment in education and training within a company, raises the need to move away from the traditional system of input oriented financing (i.e. financing resources) and to move towards output oriented funding (i.e. financing results). In other words, instead of paying for teaching, companies want to pay for teaching results. This means that the companies which finance education and training, rise - in the process of assessing the training results – fundamental questions about the improvement of the efficiency of the company; and how an increase in the qualifications of workers facilitates the achievement of organizational objectives. On the other hand, the training results assessment from the participant‟s point of view includes a question about the efficiency of the supplier of educational and training programs, and whether the supplier is able to achieve the promised results. The existing business reality is that the efficiency and effectiveness assessments often do not go beyond the survey measuring the level of satisfaction and self-esteem of the participants. This, in turn, causes a visible quantitative pressures, accompanied by insufficient care for quality and inability to use modern techniques to measure the impact of education and training on business performance. As a result, many entrepreneurs treat the investment in training and education of their employees solely as an expense and a disruption of operations. This is due to the fact that managers do not see a direct effect of the investments on the performance of the company. In addition, managers fear possible hazards in the form of expense claims; loss of trained personel to competitors‟ companies, or excessive self-empowerment of the employee. The study is devoted to presentation and discussion of modern techniques measuring the effectiveness of investment in education and training. The list of methods includes an analysis based on objectives, the targeted evaluation, systemic evaluation, judicial evaluation, and assessment prior to the program.

Commercial Impact and Optimum Capacity Determination of Pumped Storage Hydro Plant for a Practical Power System

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
P.G. Latha ◽  
S.R. Anand ◽  
Ahamed T.P. Imthias ◽  
Dr. P.S. Sreejith
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
System A ◽  
Storage Scheme ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Algebraic Modeling Language ◽  
The Many ◽  
Duration Of Operation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimum Capacity

Abstract This paper attempts to study the commercial impact of pumped storage hydro plant on the operation of a stressed power system. The paper further attempts to compute the optimum capacity of the pumped storage scheme that can be provided on commercial basis for a practical power system. Unlike the analysis of commercial aspects of pumped storage scheme attempted in several papers, this paper is presented from the point of view of power system management of a practical system considering the impact of the scheme on the economic operation of the system. A realistic case study is presented as the many factors that influence the pumped storage operation vary widely from one system to another. The suitability of pumped storage for the particular generation mix of a system is well explored in the paper. To substantiate the economic impact of pumped storage on the system, the problem is formulated as a short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem involving power purchase which optimizes the quantum of power to be scheduled and the duration of operation. The optimization model is formulated using an algebraic modeling language, AMPL, which is then solved using the advanced MILP solver CPLEX.

The impact of acquisitions on inventory performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari-Pekka Hameri ◽  
Lawrence A. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acquisition Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between acquisitions and inventory performance. Specifically, it analyzes the inventory performance (inventory level) of acquirers and their targets pre- and post-acquisition. Design/methodology/approach Using several business databases, a sample of 270 horizontal acquisitions by US firms between 1996 and 2004 is subject to multivariate analysis. Various robustness tests are applied to validate the results. Findings Three main results are found. First, the acquirer’s inventory performance is normally better than its target’s prior to the acquisition, consistent with acquirers taking over less efficient firms rather than cherry picking the more efficient ones. Second, inventory performance improves over time in the post-acquisition period in those cases where the acquirer is more efficient than the target. Third, inventory performance deteriorates over time in the post-acquisition period in those cases where the acquirer is less efficient than the target. The results are consistent with acquisitions being associated with both efficiency gains and efficiency losses due to (in)efficiency transfers from acquirers to targets. Practical implications From the management point of view, the study delivers the strongest message to companies that have substantial inventories and for whom efficient inventory management is vital to overall performance. Managers who are unaware of the potential consequences of acquisitions on inventory performance destroy value. Originality/value This research complements past research by showing that in spite of their synergetic potential, reducing inventory receives only limited attention in acquisitions.

scholarly journals Modification of the Role of a Teacher Under the Conditions of Distance Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Viktorovna Otts ◽  
Elena Pavlovna Panova ◽  
Yuliya Vladimirovna Lobanova ◽  
Natalya Victorovna Bocharnikova ◽  
Valentina Michailovna Panfilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
System A ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the features of the transformation of the role of a teacher in higher education in connection with the digitalization of education in the period before the pandemic, and during the transition of the university to a forced remote mode under the conditions of the pandemic. The assessment of the effectiveness of distance learning from the point of view of students and teachers is given. The purpose of the article is to determine expectations, the degree and nature of the influence of the teacher's personality on the effectiveness of educational process in general and distance learning in particular. Researching the effectiveness of higher education in the digital age and assessing the impact on teacher effectiveness involves the use of a number of scientific principles and research methods, theoretical and empirical. To achieve the goal, the scientific works of leading foreign and Russian scientists on the problems of digitalization of education, dehumanization of education, transformation of the role of the teacher have been analyzed, and our own research has been carried out on the basis of the Moscow Polytechnic University in the form of a survey. An assessment of the emotional consequences of isolation is given. The analysis of the effectiveness of distance learning, from the point of view of higher education teachers and students has been carried out. The expectations of students and the change in the role of a teacher of higher education as a result of expansion of functional responsibilities under the circumstances of distance learning are described. Long before the coronavirus pandemic, digitalization had been a trend in the education system. A year of distance learning has revolutionized higher education. The role of a teacher in higher education has been transformed with a significant expansion of functions and a rapid increase in the level of competencies.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

High-resolution electron microscopy of Cu2O surfaces

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
V. Castano ◽  
W. Krakow
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
System A ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Atomic Surface ◽  
Au Thin Films

In non-UHV microscope environments atomic surface structure has been observed for flat-on for various orientations of Au thin films and edge-on for columns of atoms in small particles. The problem of oxidation of surfaces has only recently been reported from the point of view of high resolution microscopy revealing surface reconstructions for the Ag2O system. A natural extension of these initial oxidation studies is to explore other materials areas which are technologically more significant such as that of Cu2O, which will now be described.

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