scholarly journals Julia-Ipsus and Augustopolis

1912 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 237-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Calder
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
The State ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
The West ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

The following pages contain the results, not devoid of interest, if meagre in quantity, of various short visits to the valley of the Caystrus in Central Phrygia, and to the hills which bound it on the north and south. This valley formed the meeting-place of five great Anatolian roads, the northern and central trade-routes from the east, the highways to the west coast down the Maeander valley or past Akmonia or Eucarpia and Sardis, and the road to the Bosporus by way of Dorylaeum. Naturally therefore the valley of the Caystrus was traversed by many generals or governors or other persons known to history, and, little as history has recorded of the state of the valley at different periods, enough has been gleaned from various writers to enable us to fix the main features of its ancient topography. It was traversed from west to east by Cyrus the Younger and Xenophon in 401 B.C. Alexander the Great crossed it from south to north on his way from Celaenae to Gordium in 333 B.C. The battle of Ipsus was fought somewhere near its eastern end in 301 B.C. The plunder-laden army of Cn. Manlius Vulso moved slowly over it, proceeding northwards, in 191 B.C. Cicero travelled through it on his way from Synnada to Philomelium in 51 B.C. To cut short a long list, this valley was the scene of a fierce battle between the emperor Alexius I and the Turks in A.D. 1116; the account given by Anna Comnena of this campaign is the fullest record we possess on the ancient topography of the Caystrus valley, and it throws some light on places in the hills to the north.

Military Operations on the North Front of Mount Taurus. IV.—The Campaigns of 319 and 320 B.C

1923 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Mitchell Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The West ◽  
Full Account ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North

In a footnote in J.H.S. 1918, p. 144, I stated the view that the battle (319 B.C.) in which Antigonus defeated Alketas and the associated generals took place in the αὐλὼν which leads from the N.E. corner of the Limnai towards Pisidian Antioch, carrying the southern or Pisidian road across Asia Minor eastward. This important route, regarded as a highway from the west coast to the Cilician Gates, is a recent discovery, though parts of it have been often described and traversed. In J.H.S. 1920, p. 89 f., I have argued that it was the road by which Xerxes' great army marched from Kritalla to Kelainai.There are two authorities on whom we depend for details of the battle of 319 B.C., Polyaenus Strat. 4, 6, 7 and Diodorus 18, 44; but both of these gather all their information from that excellent military writer Hieronymus of Cardia, the friend and historian of Eumenes. Polyaenus tells the story with soldierly brevity, relating only the chief military features: Diodorus diffusely and at great length; but so that we can recognise Hieronymus behind and beneath, and restore the full account as given by that writer.

Invasion of the New Zealand Coastline by European Sea-Rocket (Cakile maritima) and American Sea-Rocket (Cakile edentula)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Cousens ◽  
Jane M. Cousens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
North And South

AbstractOn the west coast of North America and in Australia, there have been parallel cases of sequential invasion and replacement of the shoreline plant American sea-rocket by European sea-rocket. A similar pattern has also occurred in New Zealand. For 30 to 40 yr, from its first recording in 1921, American sea-rocket spread throughout the eastern coastlines of the North and South Islands of New Zealand. European sea-rocket has so far been collected only on the North Island. From its first collection in 1937, European sea-rocket spread to the northern extremity of the island by 1973, and by 2010, it had reached the southernmost limit. In the region where both species have occurred in the past, American sea-rocket is now rarely found. This appears to be another example of congeneric species displacement.

scholarly journals ROME AT SEA: THE BEGINNINGS OF ROMAN NAVAL POWER

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Harris
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
The North

Between the Battle of Mylae in 260 bc (when Rome defeated Carthage off the north coast of Sicily) and the Battle of Myonnesus in 190 (when Rome defeated the Seleucid navy off the west coast of Asia Minor), the Romans established naval domination over the whole Mediterranean. Scholars generally believe, for quite good reasons, that this process of naval aggrandisement began abruptly, the Romans having previously taken no interest in the sea. That, after all, is what Polybius quite clearly says.

PASTURE SEED MIXTURE FOR HIGH RAINFALL DISTRICTS

1937 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
A. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
The North ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Rainfall Map

In dealing with this subject it is essential to define the high rainfall districts, and on, perusing a rainfall map it was found, contrary to expectations, that the greater part of the North Island, as represented by the Auckland Province and Taranaki, has a rainfall of over 50 inches per annum. In the same category falls the West Coast of the South Island and all of Stewart Island.

scholarly journals The Timeless African and the Versatile Indian in Seventeenth-Century Travelogues

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Michel Duquet
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
American Indian ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
French And English ◽  
North American Indian

Abstract The seventeenth century saw the early stages of significant trading on the west coast of Africa as well as the establishment of permanent settlements in North America by Dutch, French and English explorers, merchants, colonists and missionaries in a period marked by the imperial contest that had been set in motion on the heels of the discovery of America in 1492. The travelers who wrote about their voyages overseas described at length the natives they encountered on the two continents. The images of the North American Indian and of the African that emerged from these travel accounts were essentially the same whether they be of Dutch, French or English origin. The main characteristic in the descriptions of African native populations was its permanent condemnation while representations of the Indian were imbued with sentiments ranging from compassion, censure and admiration. The root causes for this dichotomy were the inhospitable and deadly (to Europeans) tropical environment of Africa’s West Coast and the growing knowledge of local societies that Europeans acquired in North America. The analysis of the contrasting images of natives on both sides of the Atlantic and the context within which they were produced are the focus of the paper.

scholarly journals Numizmatički nalazi s arheološkog lokaliteta Pakoštane - Crkvina

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josipa Baraka ◽  
Jure Šućur
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
The West ◽  
The Road ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Objects

The site of Pakoštane-Crkvina, situated at the position called Košević at the west coast of the Vrana Lake, in the immediate vicinity of the road connecting Pakoštane and Vrana, has been systematically excavated by the Department of Archaeology of the University of Zadar. On this occasion the authors selected numismatic finds which were recovered during the last five research campaigns out of multitude of archaeological objects. Total of 11 coins were found so far, covering wide chronological range from the 4th to 18th centuries. Numismatic finds from the site of Pakoštane – Crkvina were poorly preserved. However after cleaning and conservation it was possible to determine with certainty dating of ten preserved numismatic finds. This numismatic material represents a reflection of historical-commercial activities of the wider Mediterranean region, including the city of Zadar and its wider surrounding which comprises the site of Pakoštane-Crkvina as its inseparable part.

scholarly journals Polish Dialectal Phrasematics – the State of Research (for the Five-year Period 2015–2020), Methods and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Maciej Rak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
The Third ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
North And South

The article has three goals. The first is to present the history of research on Polish dialectal phrasematics. In particular, attention was paid to the last five years, i.e. the period 2015–2020. The works in question were ordered according to the dialectological key, taking into account the following dialects: Greater Polish, Masovian, Silesian, Lesser Polish, and the North and South-Eastern dialects. The second goal is to indicate the methodologies that have so far been used to describe dialectal phrasematics. Initially, component analysis was used, which was part of the structuralist research trend, later (more or less from the late 1980s) the ethnolinguistic approach, especially the description of the linguistic picture of the world, began to dominate. The third goal of the article is to provide perspectives. The author once again (as he did it in his earlier works) postulates the preparation of a dictionary of Polish dialectal phrasematics.

scholarly journals Changes in Winter Atmospheric Rivers along the North American West Coast in CMIP5 Climate Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Warner ◽  
Clifford F. Mass ◽  
Eric P. Salathé
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
North American ◽  
West Coast ◽  
American West ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The West ◽  
North American West ◽  
The North ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events

Abstract Most extreme precipitation events that occur along the North American west coast are associated with winter atmospheric river (AR) events. Global climate models have sufficient resolution to simulate synoptic features associated with AR events, such as high values of vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) approaching the coast. From phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), 10 simulations are used to identify changes in ARs impacting the west coast of North America between historical (1970–99) and end-of-century (2070–99) runs, using representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. The most extreme ARs are identified in both time periods by the 99th percentile of IVT days along a north–south transect offshore of the coast. Integrated water vapor (IWV) and IVT are predicted to increase, while lower-tropospheric winds change little. Winter mean precipitation along the west coast increases by 11%–18% [from 4% to 6% (°C)−1], while precipitation on extreme IVT days increases by 15%–39% [from 5% to 19% (°C)−1]. The frequency of IVT days above the historical 99th percentile threshold increases as much as 290% by the end of this century.

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