The Christian Church in Cilician Armenia: Its Relations with Rome and Constantinople to 1198

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Frazee
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

The national church of Armenia has enjoyed an autonomous status within the community of Christian churches since the late fourth century. At that time King Pap broke its ties with Caesarea of Cappadocia, the city in which Gregory the Illuminator, the apostle of Armenia, had received his mandate and consecration. Thereafter the hierarchy of the church was chosen within the nation according to its own rules. The head of the church, the catholicos, was the chief bishop of the Armenians and, like the kingship, the catholicate became an hereditary office according to a custom established by Gregory himself.

scholarly journals Impact of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia Services for the Growth of the Indonesian Christian Church Resident Sudirman Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Wimpie Tanojo
Keyword(s):  
Church Growth ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

The ministries of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia are the foundation of a church, meaning that a church that is aware of its duty and calling on this earth must rely on these three ministries. It can be said that the true main duty of the church is reflected in the ministry of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia. Based on this main task, the church must be able to demonstrate and impart the life of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia with the aim of impacting and changing human life. This is what the Ressud Sudirman Surabaya Indonesian Christian Church is aware of in the context of its duties and vocation as a church that has been present in the midst of the Surabaya community, of course its presence is required to fulfill God's plan to become salt and light, a blessing for the surrounding community in general and the congregation in particular. through Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia's ministry. This research uses a descriptive method. The author directly conducts research, both literature and field research. Bibliography that contains various theoretical data related to topic material from various sources of information which contains important statements to support the accuracy of the research. In addition, this research is also complemented by field research either through questionnaires or direct interviews with several trusted sources including congregants, church activists, servants, sympathizers so that the results of the research present a strong and accurate combination because they are supported by strong theoretical aspects but are also followed by field research evidence. The purpose of this study: first to realize how important the services of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia are for the growth of the Indonesian Christian Church in Ressud Surabaya in particular and to the Lord's church in general. Second, the Church is aware of her duty and calling on this earth which has been mandated by God to be her witness so that the impact is evident in church growth both in quality and quantity. Third, the Church of God has the correct concept of the impact of the ministry of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia on church growth from the perspective of Missiology, Theology and Ecclesiology. Based on the research conducted by the author, the results obtained are how the extraordinary impact of the services of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia on the growth of the Indonesian Christian Church Ressud Surabaya.   This is evidenced by the increasing number of church members from year to year and the increasing quality of the congregation's faith. By having a correct understanding of the ministry of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia, the congregation will be more active and diligent in carrying out the duties and responsibilities that have been mandated by God to become a blessing, to become salt and light in this world, in various forms of diaconial services such as selling rice. cheap for the congregation and partly distributed by the surrounding community, cheap medical treatment and even free for the congregation and the poor by establishing a polyclinic "Waluyojati", scholarships for underprivileged congregations ranging from elementary, junior high and even vocational levels, house renovation program held 1 a year one to two times for the congregation. In the form of Koinonia, it can be seen from the congregation that is divided into several sectors or regions, the congregation will continue to grow and increase even out of the city, namely Lamongan, Denpasar and even to Batam, the Denpasar congregation was institutionalized in 2003, while in the city of Surabaya the Indonesian Christian Church Lebak Jaya was matured in 1994 and the Kutisari area in 1998 was instituted simultaneously in 1998 the Batam Indonesian Christian Church was also institutionalized where the Batam Indonesia Christian Church is the fruit of the ministry of several Indonesian Christian Churches including the Indonesian Christian Church Ressud in it. The goal is to be a witness through this service, but the most important of this research is that the Indonesian Christian Church congregation in Ressud is a congregation that has marturia diaconiality, while the implementation of Marturia directly or verbally is not optimal, this is also acknowledged by the council is a local church based on interviews and research based on a questionnaire.

Christianity and the Classics

1944 ◽  
Vol 13 (37) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
W. B. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Christian Schools ◽  
Classical Rhetoric ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Classical Education ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The Church

‘What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?’ cries Tertullian of Carthage when the Christian Church was barely two centuries old, ‘what harmony is there between Plato's Academy and the Church?’ Then, with all the mastery of eloquence that he had learned in the school of classical rhetoric, he denounces non-Christian literature as pernicious—‘We have no need of curiosity going beyond Christ Jesus, nor of inquiry beyond the Gospel.’The question might still be crudely asked to-day—Why teach pagan literature in Christian countries and Christian schools? Some may answer that the problem and the conflict are past; none of the greater Christian churches opposes classical education now; on the contrary the clergy mostly encourage it, while it is the scientists that object. But Christianity and the classics meet each other with different facets in different epochs. Sometimes these facets seem less adjustable than those before them. And some of the defences made for pre-Christian literature by Christians, and some of the uses they recommend for it, deserve attention still.What follows here is mainly an historical survey, and necessarily a very sketchy one. It must begin long before our Lord's time, at the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. By that time Palestine and Egypt, the two great centres of Judaism, had come under Greek rule. After Alexander's death both these regions were taken over by Ptolemy. He and his namesake successors were enlightened and tolerant monarchs. Under their rule Hellenism gained ground among the Jews both at Jerusalem and at Alexandria.

ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE ‘ARIAN CONTROVERSY’ IN THE FOURTH CENTURY

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-263
Author(s):  
David M. Gwynn
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
The Church ◽  
Archaeological Approach ◽  
Arian Controversy

The so-called ‘Arian Controversy’ that divided the Christian Church in the 4th c. has been the subject of considerable scholarly debate in recent decades. The literary sources from which the majority of our knowledge of the controversy derives are highly polemical and distorted, written almost exclusively from the perspective of those whose positions would come to be accepted as ‘orthodox’, and this in turn has directly influenced scholarly interpretations of the material evidence from this crucial period in the history of the Church. In this paper I wish to reconsider that material evidence and ask how an archaeological approach independent of the biases of our literary sources might broaden our understanding of the controversy and its impact upon the 4th c. Roman empire.

The Earliest Christian Churches in England

Antiquity ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Peers
Keyword(s):  
Christian Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Church ◽  
Definite Proof

The earliest Christian churches of England must have been built‘while the Romans yet dwelt in Britain’. It is quite possible that some remains of them exist, unrecognized by modern eyes, and offering in their arrangements none of the conventions which have since so greatly influenced the development of the church plan. But we have at Silchester the plan of a building which has been claimed as a Christian church, probably of 4th century date, and of it we may say that if it be actually so—a matter which is not capable of definite proof,— it falls well enough into line with later churches of whose nature there can be no doubt. It is a little building with a rectangular nave flanked by side chambers or aisles and preceded by a porch. The nave ends in an apse, in this instance to the west, with transeptal chambers to north and south.

Santa Maria Maggiore's Fifth-Century Mosaics: Triumphal Christianity and the Jews

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Public Announcement ◽  
Eastern Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Strong Claim

The fifth-century mosaics of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome represent the oldest surviving program of mosaic decoration in a Christian church. Its political context includes the steady drain of political authority and power to the Eastern empire from the early fourth century forward, the proscription of paganism at the end of the fourth century, and the massively disruptive Sack of Rome by Alaric in 410 CE. In the vacuum of political power in the West, the papacy under Sixtus III made a strong claim for a new basis of Roman power—the religious primacy of the city of Peter and Paul under papal leadership. The building and decoration of Santa Maria Maggiore played an important role in the consolidation and public announcement of papal power.

NEW CHRONOLOGICAL INFORMATION FROM RADIOCARBON DATING OF HUMAN REMAINS AT JACOB’S WELL, NABLUS, PALESTINE

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Loay Abu Alsaud ◽  
Amer Al-Qobbaj ◽  
Mohammad Al-Khateeb ◽  
Alfonso Fanjul Peraza
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Greek Orthodox Church ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

ABSTRACT Jacob’s Well, located in modern city of Nablus and ancient Shechem (Tall Balata) in the northern West Bank of Palestine, attracts modern day tourists and pilgrims. It is found in the eastern suburbs of the city. Since 333 AD, pilgrims have been writing accounts of the well, and it has been venerated by both Christian and Jewish communities throughout its history. It is believed to be the well referred to in the New Testament, where Jesus conversed with a Samaritan woman, the orthodox saint, Photini. It now forms the central feature in the crypt of the St Photini Greek Orthodox church in the walled grounds of a monastery. In order to gain more information on the chronology of the site, we analyzed human skeletal remains found at the site in 1997. These consist of three skulls and a femur. One of the skulls was found in a sarcophagus alongside the church and the two other skulls and a femur were found in a burial ground alongside the monastery, north of the church, over which a room has now been built. Radiocarbon analysis reveals that the remains date to four historical periods or events: the early Christian period, before structural additions to the well by Constantine the Great in the fourth century; the Samaritan Revolts (AD 529 and 556), the Sassanid Invasion (AD 614–628), and Abbasid rule (AD 750–1258). Dating of one skull suggests it may have been that of Germanus, a fourth century bishop of Nablus, and that there may have been a very early structure, shrine, or burial chamber at the site before the fourth century. We provide contextual information based on historical and contemporary literature.

scholarly journals “CENTOCHIESE”: A HUNDRED CHURCHES IN ROME. AN ARCHIVAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROJECT

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
G. Fangi ◽  
C. Nardinocchi ◽  
G. Rubeca
Keyword(s):  
Significant Part ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Religious Order ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The City ◽  
Christian Nation ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Rome is the city where two different cultures have found their greatest architectural achievement, the Latin civilization and the Christian civilization. It is for this reason that in Rome there is the greatest concentration in the world of Roman buildings, monuments and Christian buildings and churches. Rome is the seat of the papacy; say the head of the Christian Church. Every religious order, every Christian nation has created its own headquarters in Rome, the most representative possible, as beautiful, magnificent as possible. The best artists, painters, sculptors, architects, have been called to Rome to create their masterpieces.This study describes the photogrammetric documentation of selected noteworthy churches in Rome. Spherical Photogrammetry is the technique used. The survey is limited to the facades only, being a very significant part of the monument and since no permission is necessary. In certain cases, also the church interior was documented. A total of 170 Churches were surveyed. The statistics that one can derive from such a large number is particularly meaningful. Rome is the ideal place to collect the largest possible number of such cases. This study was motivated by the desire to provide technicians, architects, engineers and students with a technique that is easy to use and accessible and to show the great potential of the used photogrammetric technique. This article is a prelude to a book where all the panoramas obtained will be presented and made available to a larger public. Guidelines and tools to plot the facades will also be made available.</p>

scholarly journals IMPLIKASI RELASI SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGI ARASTAMAR BENGKULU BAGI PENGEMBANGAN PELAYANAN MISI GEREJA KRISTEN INJILI DI INDONESIA JEMAAT KOTA BENGKULU

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Made Nopen Supriadi
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
Christian Institutions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

This paper is entitled "Implications of the Relationship between Arastamar Bengkulu College of Theology for the Development of Missionary Services for the Evangelical Christian Church in Indonesia, the City of Bengkulu Congregation." The facts show that not necessarily a graduate of the Theological College can be accepted into a church. This condition is shown by the lack of support from the Church to an Theological College and Theological College does not give graduates to a church. Despite these facts, the author sees different facts between the Arastamar Bengkulu Theological Seminary (STTAB) and the Evangelical Christian Church in Indonesia (GEKISIA) Bengkulu City. The author obtained data that there are many developments specifically in mission services since the arrival of STTAB and collaborating with GEKISIA, Bengkulu City. This development is very important for the writer to research and describe in scientific work. From the observation, it shows that the development of mission services in GEKISIA, Bengkulu City occurs because of the large use of mission personnel from STTAB graduates. Pioneering Evangelical Service Posts (PI) increased to 6 PI Posts. This development needs to be studied theoretically so that through writing it can contribute to the development of missionary services in the Church and other Christian institutions, and revitalize the relationship between Theological College and the Church.

Perancangan Database Gereja Kristen Protestan Simalungun (GKPS) Mardingding, Kec. Silimakuta, Kab. Simalungun

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Romanus Damanik ◽  
Tiara Julia Sipayung
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
Notice Board ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Church

The Simalungun Protestant Christian Church (GKPS) is a Christian Church of the Simalungun region initiated by the zendelling (evangelist) of the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft (RMG), a German gospel preaching body as part of its efforts to spread the gospel to the Simalungun Tribe. Since the 1900s RMG established churches in Simalungun as part of huria Kristen Batak Protestant (HKBP) using Toba as the language of instruction. This independence continued until the HKBP congregation in Simalungun bathed itself into one district until finally totally independent to become GKPS and provide services for the surrounding environment in various fields (not just religious services). Of the many Protestant Christian Churches in Indonesia, one of them is the Simalungun Protestant Christian Church (GKPS) Resort Mardinding. This church is a place of worship and gathering of Protestant Christians. This church has many people, but not all tribes are in it. There are currently 423 KK. The provision of information to the people is currently still manual and still uses the announcement affixed to the notice board and also through the announcement from the church administrator who was in charge at the time of the service, this announcement could not contain all the necessary information. Researchers took a case study from GKPS Mardinding so that information systems can be developed using technology that is developing today, namely using websites to store information faster and more accurately.

scholarly journals Syncretism in the church of Philippi

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Verhoef
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church

It has been known for a long time that the history of Christianity has seen the incorporation of syncretistic elements. This is not at all exceptional. On the contrary, in order to grow, any religion necessarily fits in with the existing frame of reference. It is hardly surprising then, that elements of Hellenistic hero worship were adopted in the veneration of the Christian martyrs. Over a century ago, E Lucius presented several examples of such phenomena in his book, Die Anfänge des Heiligenkults in der christlichen Kirche (1904), arguing that Christian churches adopted several rituals and ideas from older pagan cults. Indeed, excavations in Philippi have revealed a connection in the first decades of the fourth century between the Christian cult and the cult of a certain Euephenes, son of Exekestos. He was probably an initiate into the mystery cult of the Kabeiroi. This can only mean that in Philippi as elsewhere syncretistic elements must have crept in. In the beginning of the fourth century the Basilica of Paul was added onto the Hellenistic shrine, so that the buildings shared one wall. In the first half of the fifth century this Basilica was replaced by the bigger Octagon. A baptistery was constructed, and the Hellenistic heroon was incorporated into these buildings. Around this time the cult of the Hellenistic hero Euephenes was supplanted by the veneration of the Christian hero par excellence, the apostle Paul.

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