Scandinavian Settlement in the North and West of the British Isles—an Archaeological Point-of-View

1976 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
The North ◽  
Infinite Variety ◽  
Firm Evidence

THE Scandinavians came to Britain first as raiders, then as settlers. The length of the periods of raiding, the form of raids, the character and duration of settlement and the speed with which Scandinavian influence was lost, varied considerably in the different regions. In simple terms the Viking Age lasted from 790 to 1070, but within and beyond these dates is infinite variety. In England the first settlements are not recorded before 876, eighty years or more after the first raids; in Scotland, however, there is fairly firm evidence of settlement in the first half of the ninth century, while in some parts of Scotland settlement may not even have been preceded by raids. It is clear too that Guthrum's conquests are of an entirely different character to those of Knut the Great. Guthrum was a petty chief. Knut a great ruler, was accepted as such by his royal contemporaries and his power achieved imperial proportions. In Ireland, where they settled in very limited areas, the Scandinavians lost most of their political power in the late tenth century. Their commercial importance there, however, grew by leaps and bounds, but even in this role they lost all semblance of influence after the Norman conquest of Ireland of 1169. Norse power was broken in western Scotland after the battle of Largs in 1263 (although Norse earls held sway in the Isles until 1331). The Isle of Man was transferred to the Scottish crown in 1266, while Orkney and Shetland remained Norwegian until the impignorations of 1468 and 1469.

The Danes and the Danish Language in England: An Anthroponymical Point of View

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Fellows-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
The North ◽  
Influence Spread ◽  
Viking Period

Evidence is provided by place names and personal names of Nordic origin for Danish settlement in England and Scotland in the Viking period and later. The names show that Danish settlement was densest in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and Leicestershire but can also be traced outside the Danelaw. In the North, Danish settlers or their descendants moved across the Pennines to the Carlisle Plain, and from there along the coast of Cumberland and on across the sea to the Isle of Man, and perhaps back again to southern Lancashire and Cheshire before the middle of the tenth century. There,was also a spread of Danes around south-western England in the early eleventh century, reflecting the activities of Cnut the Great and his followers. After the Norman Conquest, Nordic influence spread into Dumfriesshire and the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It was in the more isolated, northern communities that Nordic linguistic influence continued to thrive.

View from the Norse: applying island theory to the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pierce
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

The study of islands in archaeology was originally biased toward the view that island societies were isolated, a stereotype that continues to be perpetuated in books and television. However, recent research has acknowledged that island societies are generally part of a network and exposed to outside influences. This paper applies island theory to the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland, specifically during the Norse settlement from the 9th century AD onward. Although today these areas are considered on the periphery of Britain, these islands were once at the heart of the Norse settlement of the North Atlantic. The settlement remains of the period in the Northern and Western Isles indicate the inhabitants kept their focus towards the sea, and their success as a central stop-over point within the North Atlantic zone is due partly to the fact that they are islands. This paper will examine to what extent the Northern and Western Isles fit into modern island theory and whether the Norse considered them islands. The paper finishes with a discussion of whether the British Isles and Ireland are, from a theoretical point of view, islands.

The Irish Sea and the Atlantic trade in the Viking Age

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
The North ◽  
The Irish Sea

The Vikings initially ventured into the Irish Sea as raiders and took, from the monasteries and other rich centres, wealth in the form of goods and slaves. In the course of the tenth century, however, they became permanently established and founded and developed the first towns in Ireland, often under sufferance from the local population. From these towns they controlled the trade routes along the western coasts of Europe through the Irish Sea — routes that brought luxury goods to both the North and the South. The increasing economic power of the Irish towns was one of the factors that led to the English conquest of Ireland in 1170.

Brittany and the Atlantic Archipelago, 450–1200

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Brett ◽  
Fiona Edmonds ◽  
Paul Russell
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
History Of

How did Brittany get its name and its British-Celtic language in the centuries after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire? Beginning in the ninth century, scholars have proposed a succession of theories about Breton origins, influenced by the changing relationships between Brittany, its Continental neighbours, and the 'Atlantic Archipelago' during and after the Viking age and the Norman Conquest. However, due to limited records, the history of medieval Brittany remains a relatively neglected area of research. In this new volume, the authors draw on specialised research in the history of language and literature, archaeology, and the cult of saints, to tease apart the layers of myth and historical record. Brittany retained a distinctive character within the typical 'medieval' forces of kingship, lordship, and ecclesiastical hierarchy. The early history of Brittany is richly fascinating, and this new investigation offers a fresh perspective on the region and early medieval Europe in general.

Manuscripts containing English decoration 871–1066, catalogued and illustrated: a review

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 239-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Brownrigg
Keyword(s):  
High Standard ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The South ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Southern England ◽  
The North ◽  
Careful Preparation ◽  
Service Books

In the period from Alfred's reign to the Norman Conquest scribes and artists in southern England once more achieved a high standard in bookmaking, comparable to the brilliant tradition which had been established in both the north and the south in the eighth century. Some codices survive which are rough in execution, written on poorly prepared membrane by unskilled hands, but the majority – by no means chiefly service books produced for ecclesiastical and royal patrons – demonstrate that by the end of the tenth century a large number of scribes understood the techniques of careful preparation of membranes and inks, had mastered the letter-forms of two scripts, Caroline minuscule and Anglo-Saxon square minuscule, and were disciplined to follow consistently a hierarchy of scripts for the openings of texts and major divisions, chapter titles, incipits and explicits. What remains must be only a fragment of the production of Benedictine monks and nuns, secular clerks and lay scribes. But however incomplete and unbalanced the evidence, the over-all level of accomplishment cannot be doubted.

Past Verses Present; Metamorphosis in Different Spheres of Guwahati: A Study of Srutimala Duara’s Mindprints of Guwahati

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ankita Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
River Bank ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The City ◽  
Beautiful City

Guwahati derives its name from the Assamese word “Guwa” means areca nut and “Haat” means market. However, the modern Guwahati had been known as the ancient Pragjyotishpura and was the capital of Assam under the Kamrupa kingdom. A beautiful city Guwahati is situated on the south bank of the river Bramhaputra. Moreover, It is known as the largest city in the Indian state of Assam and also the largest metropolis in North East India. It has also its importance as the gateway to the North- East India. Assamese and English are the spoken languages in Guwahati.  In 1667, the Mogul forces were defeated in the battle by the Ahom forces commanded by Lachut Barphukan. Thus, in a sense Guwahati became the bone of contention among the Ahoms, Kochas and the Moguls during the medieval period.  Guwahati the administrative headquarters of Lower Assam with a viceroy or Barbhukan was made by the Ahom king.  Since 1972 it has been the capital of Assam. The present paper will discuss the changes happened in Guwahati over the period of late 1970s till the present time. It will focus on the behavior of people, transformed temples, Panbazar of the city, river bank of Bramhaputra, old Fancy Bazaar, chaotic ways, festivals and seasons including a fifth man made season etc. It will also deal how over the years a city endowed with nature’s gifts and scenic views, has been changing as “a dirty city”. Furthermore, it will also present the insurgencies that have barged into the city. The occurrence of changes will be discussed through the perspective and point of view of Srutimala Duara as presented in her book Mindprints of Guwahati.

Integrated waste water management for a small river basin - a case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
R. Fenz ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The North ◽  
Waste Water Management

In Austria approximately 70% of the population is connected to sewerage and to biological waste water treatment plants. Whereas the urban areas are already provided with these facilities to a very high extent, effort is still needed in rural areas to meet the requirements of the Austrian legislation. The way, this task should be solved has provoked much controversy. It is mainly the question, whether centralised or decentralised sewage disposal systems are preferable from the ecological and economical point of view, that became a political issue during the last 5 years. The Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management was asked to elaborate a waste water management concept for the Lainsitz River Basin, a mainly rural area in the north of Austria discharging to the Elbe river. Both ecological and economical aspects should be considered. This paper presents the methodology that was applied and the criteria which were decisive for the selection of the final solution.

An Integrated Tourism Model based on Local Identity for Ecological, Historical, and Cultural Tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natapon Anusorntharangkul ◽  
Yanin Rugwongwan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

The objective of this paper is to study local identity and explore the potential for regional resources management and valuation of the historic environment a case study of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand, for guiding the tourism environmental design elements. The point of view has the goal creative integrate tourism model and product development from local identity embedded localism. This concept advocates the philosophy that tourism businesses must develop products and marketing strategies that not only address the needs of consumers but also safeguard the local identity. 

The Oxford Handbook of Sports Economics

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
College Athletics ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Antitrust Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Sports Economics ◽  
Managerial Behavior ◽  
The North ◽  
Individual Productivity

This book is the second volume of the two-volume The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Sports which includes articles by nearly all of the important authors in the quickly growing field of sports economics. The two volumes consider in depth the ways that economics and sports interact with each other. To start with, economic analysis has helped with the understanding of many of the different institutions in sports. Secondly, quality data about individual productivity, salaries, career histories, teamwork, and managerial behavior has been useful in helping economists study topics as varied as the economics of discrimination, salary dispersion, and antitrust policy. The volumes are also rich from the point of view of the sports fan. Every major team sport is covered, and many interesting comparisons can be made especially between the North American League organization and the European-style promotion and relegation leagues. Golf, NASCAR, college athletics, women's sports, the Olympics, and even bowling are represented in these pages.

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