Relationship of Seed Weight to Germination of Six Grasses

Urban (1873) characterized Medicago L. division Intertextae Urb. as having black seeds. An exception to this was found among M. granadensis Willd.; there were accessions with black as well as with brown seeds. Black seed color was dominant over brown and segregated in F2 in ratio 3:1. Two other M. granadensis marker characters: colored vs. green stems, hairy stems vs. smooth stems similarly segregated in a 3:1 ratio, the first named characters being dominant. The colored and white patch in the middle of leaflets appeared to be determined by a gene P for patching, a gene C being responsible for the presence of color. No recombinations were found between colored patch in leaflets, colored stems, and black seeds, indicating that there is only one gene for color with pleiotropic action, or that the genes are closely linked M. granadensis did not hybridize with M. intertexta and M. ciliaris. It clearly is a separate species.M. intertexta Mill., M. ciliaris All. and M. muricoleptis Tin. could be intercrossed. Marker characters, red basal patch vs. no patch in leaflets and hairs vs. no hairs on pods, segregated in F2 in a normal 3:1 ratio, the first named characters being dominant, Segregation did not indicate that there was any linkage between the two characters. Seed weight difference was determined by two genes acting in an additive manner. Distribution of leaf marking in seed weight classes indicated an independent segregation. Pollen fertility of F1's was less than 50%. There were observed irregularities in 30% of meiotic metaphases studied in F1 of M. muricoleptis × M. ciliaris. Because of some interbreeding barrier the taxa may be considered separate species though their hereditary material can be interchanged.

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INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION AND SEEDING RATES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BRASSICA NAPUS CV. TOWER

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps78-108 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 731-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

J. M. CLARKE ◽

G. M. SIMPSON

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Yield Component ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Number Of Seeds

An analysis of the yield components of rape (Brassica napus L.) was carried out under field conditions for 2 yr at Saskatoon. Plant morphology and the crop environment were altered by the use of four planting densities and three water regimes. The number of branches per plant was scarcely affected by irrigation, but was reduced by high seeding rates. Number of pods per plant was increased by irrigation and reduced by high seeding rates. The number of seeds per pod was increased by irrigation, but reduced by high seeding rates. The 1,000-seed weight was increased both by irrigation and increased seeding rate, as was seed yield. Yield was positively correlated with 1,000-seed weight in both years. Yield component compensation was evident in the relationship of 1,000-seed weight to pod number and number of seeds per pod.

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Benchmarking Nutraceutical Soybean Composition Relative to Protein and Oil

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.663434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Constanza S. Carrera ◽

Fernando Salvagiotti ◽

Ignacio A. Ciampitti

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Field Studies ◽

Total Tocopherol ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Soybean Breeding ◽

Oil Concentration ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Upper Boundary

The aim of this study was to explore relationships between protein, oil, and seed weight with seed nutraceutical composition, focused on total isoflavone (TI) and total tocopherol (TT) contents across genotypic and environmental combinations in soybean. We conducted a synthesis-analysis of peer-reviewed published field studies reporting TI, TT, protein, oil, and seed weight (n = 1,908). The main outcomes from this synthesis-analysis were: (i) relationship of TI-to-protein concentration was positive, though for the upper boundary, TI decreases with increases in protein; (ii) relationship of TT-to-oil concentration was positive, but inconsistent when oil was expressed in mg per seed; and (iii) as seed weight increased, TI accumulation was less than proportional relative to protein concentration and TT decreased more proportional relative to oil concentration. Association between nutraceuticals and protein, oil, and seed weight for soybean reported in the present study can be used as a foundational knowledge for soybean breeding programs interested on predicting and selecting enhanced meal isoflavone and/or oil tocopherol contents.

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Características biométricas de frutos e sementes de Oenocarpus bataua Mart. com procedência em Almeirim, Pará

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i5.3672 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 09 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. A. Felizardo ◽

A. D. D. Freitas ◽

N. De S. Marques ◽

D. A. Bezerra

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Native Species ◽

Palm Tree ◽

High Moisture ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Fruit Mass ◽

Thousand Seed Weight

O patauá é uma palmeira pertencente à família botânica Arecaceae. A exploração deste tem como maiores potencialidades a produção de óleo vegetal. A biometria dos frutos é utilizada para verificar a variabilidade genética dentro de populações de uma mesma espécie e as relações desta com os fatores ambientais, além disso, pode contribuir para a tecnologia de produção de mudas de espécies nativas. Desse modo, este estudo tem por objetivo determinar as principais características biométricas de frutos e sementes, além do peso e do grau de umidade de patauá com procedência de Almeirim, Pará. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Tecnologia da Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Engenharia Florestal, Campus de Altamira. Os frutos foram colhidos maduros de matrizes selecionadas. A análise dos dados foi realizada com programa Microsoft Excel e o BIOESTAT 5.0. O comprimento e o diâmetro dos frutos e o comprimento e o diâmetro das sementes em estudo tiveram médias de 35,18 mm e 20,10 mm; 33,1 mm e 16,9 mm, respectivamente. A massa do fruto teve uma média de 9,6 g. Os maiores graus de umidade foram obtidos nos tratamentos com as sementes inteiras. O peso de mil sementes foi 5665 gramas. Biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds Oenocarpus bataua Mart. with Almeirim of origin, ParáABSTRACT - The patauá Is a palm tree belongs to the botanical family Arecaceae. The operation of these has the greatest potential to produce vegetable oil. Biometrics fruit is used to verify the genetic variability within populations of the same species and the relationship of this variability with environmental factors also may contribute to the production technology of seedlings of native species. Thus, this study aims to determine the main biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds, in addition to weight and degree of humidity of Oenocarpus bataua with origin of Almeirim, Pará. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pará Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Campus de Altamira. The fruits were harvested ripe arrays selected. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and the BioEstat 5.0. The length and diameter of the fruits and the length and diameter of the seeds in the study had mean 35.18 mm and 20.10 mm; 33.1 mm and 16.9 mm, respectively. The fruit mass, averaged 9.6 g. The high moisture were obtained in treatments with whole seeds. The thousand seed weight was 5665 grams.

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The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/s0094837300025707 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

pp. 146-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

William A. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Critical Points ◽

Scleractinian Corals ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Early Triassic ◽

Rugose Corals ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100074768 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 194-195

Author(s):

D. F. Blake ◽

L. F. Allard ◽

D. R. Peacor

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Structural Features ◽

Sea Stars ◽

High Resolution Tem ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067777 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 156-157

Author(s):

Leon Dmochowski

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Mode Of Development ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

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The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100085484 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

J.R. Pfeiffer ◽

J.C. Seagrave ◽

C. Wofsy ◽

J.M. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Mast Cells ◽

Protein A ◽

Scattered Electron ◽

Ige Receptor ◽

Receptor Complexes ◽

Ige Binding ◽

Electron Imaging ◽

Small Clusters ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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Organization of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the mammalian cell nucleus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014021x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 768-769

Author(s):

D.L. Spector ◽

S. Huang ◽

S. Kaurin

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Cell Nucleus ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Mrna Splicing ◽

Splicing Factors ◽

Interchromatin Granule Clusters ◽

Interchromatin Granule ◽

Nuclear Regions ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Perichromatin Fibrils

We have been interested in the organization of RNA polymerase II transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the cell nucleus. Several models have been proposed for the functional organization of RNA within the eukaryotic nucleus and for the relationship of this organization to the distribution of pre-mRNA splicing factors. One model suggests that RNAs which must be spliced are capable of recruiting splicing factors to the sites of transcription from storage and/or reassembly sites. When one examines the organization of splicing factors in the nucleus in comparison to the sites of chromatin it is clear that splicing factors are not localized in coincidence with heterochromatin (Fig. 1). Instead, they are distributed in a speckled pattern which is composed of both perichromatin fibrils and interchromatin granule clusters. The perichromatin fibrils are distributed on the periphery of heterochromatin and on the periphery of interchromatin granule clusters as well as being diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. These nuclear regions have been previously shown to represent initial sites of incorporation of 3H-uridine.

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