scholarly journals Early Root and Shoot Elongation of Selected Warm-Season Perennial Grasses

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Roger Simanton ◽  
Gilbert L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Perennial Grasses

Chemical composition of two warm‐season perennial grasses subjected to proportions of defoliation

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schmitt ◽  
Deisy Andrade Padilha ◽  
Kamila Maciel Dias ◽  
Gabriela Trevisan Santos ◽  
Giselle Regina Rodolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses

Establishment of Warm- and Cool-Season Native Perennial Grasses on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales. Ii. Establishment and Seedling Survival in the Field

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures

Emergence and survival of the seedlings of warm-season native perennial grasses Aristida ramosa R.Br., Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S . T. Blake, Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) Camus, Sporobolus elongatus R.Br., Eragvostis leptostachya Steud. and Chloris truncata R.Br. and the cool-season species Stipa variabilis Hughes and Danthonia linkii Kunth were studied in both native pastures and sown monospecific plots on the north- west slopes of New South Wales. The most favourable period for the successful emergence and establishment of warm-season grasses was from mid summer to early autumn. Cool-season native perennial grasses established best from seedlings that appeared from mid autumn to late winter. Few seedlings were observed to germinate in spring, probably as a result of large variations in temperature, low minimum temperatures or intra and interspecific competition. Seedlings growing in native pasture spent long periods in the vegetative phase compared to the early flowering of seedlings in the sown plots. In the pasture studied only two seedlings flowered over 700 days after emergence, and many others after persisting for up to 2 years died without producing seed. These findings indicate that the seedlings in these native pastures were under considerable stress and that the adult populations of the species examined were relatively stable and little recruitment occurred.

scholarly journals Yield, Yield Distribution, and Forage Quality of Warm-Season Perennial Grasses Grown for Pasture or Biofuel in the Southern Great Plains

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Rogers ◽  
Frank J. Motal ◽  
Jagadeesh Mosali
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
South Central

Fifteen introduced and native warm-season perennial grasses were evaluated for yield, yield distribution, and quality in south-central Oklahoma. These grasses have production potential for forage and/or biofuel. Each was harvested one to four times per year. “Alamo” switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) had a two-year average dry matter yield of 17690 kg . Over 1/3 of this production occurred in May with a crude protein (CP) range of 97–115 g . Alamo’s high yield potential and early spring growth make it attractive for spring forage production and fall biomass production. Other grasses with two-year average dry matter yields over 11200 kg  and 1/3 of yearly production occurring early in the growing season that have potential dual purpose use include “Selection 75” kleingrass (Panicum coloratum), “Midland 99” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), “Carostan” flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum), and “Ermelo” weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula).

scholarly journals Developmental Response of St. Augustinegrass Cultivars and Experimental Lines in Moderate and Heavy Shade

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Wherley ◽  
Ambika Chandra ◽  
Anthony Genovesi ◽  
Mason Kearns ◽  
Tim Pepper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
And Performance

St. augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is considered to be one of the most shade-tolerant warm-season turfgrasses, yet information is lacking on intraspecies developmental responses and performance in shade. This greenhouse study was conducted to 1) compare quality, development, and physiological responses of 10 commercial and experimental lines of st. augustinegrass in moderate and heavy [32% and 15% photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), respectively] shade environments’ and 2) evaluate physiological and morphological indicators that could be used in rapid screening for shade tolerance among st. augustinegrass progeny from a segregating population. A range of shade tolerance was observed between the entries, as noted by quality and percent green cover after 10 weeks of imposed shade conditions. In moderate shade, most entries maintained acceptable (6 or greater) quality and greater than 50% green cover. However, in heavy shade, only ‘Captiva’, ‘Amerishade’, and ‘PI 600734’ maintained acceptable quality, with only PI 600734 and Captiva maintaining greater than 50% cover. ‘TAES 5732-6’, an embryo rescue-derived hybrid from ‘Floratam’, exhibited the least shade tolerance of the group in both shade environments. Neither chlorophyll content nor total nonstructural carbohydrates related well to observed shade quality differences between the entries. A strong correlation existed between shoot elongation rate of a cultivar and its corresponding final percent green cover in moderate shade (R2 = 0.66) but not in heavy shade (R2 = 0.19), suggesting that moderate shade may be the better environment for discriminating genetic differences among st. augustinegrass germplasm for shade tolerance.

scholarly journals Observed Effects of Warm Season Perennial Grass Agriculture on Resident Mammal Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
David D. Leimbach ◽  
Gregg J. Marcello
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Population Numbers

<p>This study focused on the observed impact of switching from a corn / soybean agricultural rotation to the planting of warm season perennial grasses for use in biomass agriculture, as well as the subsequent effects on resident mammal populations. We trapped two parcels of land planted in warm season perennial grasses between September 2011 and October 2013 in order to obtain a census of the mammal populations residing upon the property and to determine the impact (if any) of the change in agriculture. During the first year of the study, a seemingly inhospitable (urban) agricultural area revealed a diverse population of inhabitants. The second year of trapping resulted in the capture of 2 new species (total of 7 species captured) and the noticeable absence of 1 species; a distinct shift in mammal populations had been observed. There was an inverse relationship between the population increase of <em>Peromyscus maniculatus</em> during 2012 and the decline in the population of <em>Peromyscus leucopus. </em>When a Chi-square test was run (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), the hypothesis of competitive exclusion appeared to be supported. In the third year, population numbers of <em>Peromyscus</em> <em>maniculatus</em> had also plummeted. We observed that warm season perennial grass monoculture had an adverse impact on resident mammal species.</p>

scholarly journals 40 Alternative forages for dairy heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Matthew Akins ◽  
Elizabeth Remick ◽  
Huawei Su ◽  
Lingyan Li ◽  
Abbey Grisham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Moderate Energy

Abstract Dairy heifers have moderate energy needs with diets containing high proportions of corn silage, often exceeding needs of pregnant heifers. Use of moderate energy forages to decrease energy and increase NDF content has been successful to control intake and growth of pregnant heifers. Several forages could be used, including cereal grain forages/straws, warm season perennial grasses, sorghum forages, and corn stover. Higher NDF content diets control intake through rumen fill as heifers eat approximately 1% of bodyweight in NDF daily. Research at the University of Wisconsin found reduced intakes and more desirable gains for pregnant heifers fed diets that included either corn stover, wheat straw, or eastern gamagrass (0.8–1.0 kg gain/day) compared with heifers fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet (1.2 kg gain/day). A study feeding alfalfa stemlage also found that heifers had more desirable gains (0.9–1.0 kg/day) when fed diets with stemlage or straw than heifers fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet. Sorghum forages may also work to partially replace corn silage in the forage program, with an opportunity to double-crop with cereal grain forages. Wisconsin studies show that sorghum forages can have similar or greater yields than corn silage when planted in early to mid-June and harvested once in the fall, with sorghums being more responsive to irrigation and nitrogen than corn. Most sorghums had similar or greater yields than corn silage when fertilized at 22–45 kg N/acre or irrigated at 50–75% of levels recommended for corn. A recent study found heifers fed sorghum-sudangrass silage based diets had lower intakes due to higher NDF content leading to more optimal daily gains (0.9 kg/d) than heifers fed a corn silage/alfalfa silage/grass hay diet that had similar protein and energy content, but was lower in NDF content. Use of alternative forages can help control nutrient intake and thus growth, and can also help control costs and improve nutrient/manure management by lowering intakes and forage production costs.

scholarly journals The value of native, warm-season perennial grasses grown for pasture or biofuel in the southern Great Plains, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Rogers ◽  
Bryan Nichols ◽  
Jon T. Biermacher ◽  
Jagadeesh Mosali
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Feedstock Production ◽  
High Yields

The Renewable Fuel Standard under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandated the production of 60.5 GL (1 GL = 1 × 109 L) of cellulosic biofuel by 2022. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been identified as a primary feedstock because it is a perennial adapted to a wide environmental range and produces high yields. Development of the cellulosic biofuel industry has been slow, one reason being a lack of available feedstock driven by lack of a developed market. Rather than considering it only as a dedicated biofuel feedstock, we examined switchgrass potential for both grazing and biofuel feedstock. In a series of experiments testing dry matter yield, grazing preference and animal bodyweight gain, switchgrass (cv. Alamo) was found to produce greater total yield (17.7 kg ha–1) than 15 other warm-season perennial grasses, was the most preferred by stocker cattle in a grazing preference study, and produced good average daily gains in a grazing study (0.84–1.05 kg head–1). These results demonstrate the potential of switchgrass for both grazing and biofuel feedstock. However, the feedstock price would need to increase above US$83 Mg–1 before the economics of dedicated switchgrass feedstock production would surpass that of a combination of switchgrass grazing and feedstock production.

Performance of some perennial grasses on severely salinised sites on the inland slopes of New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Semple ◽  
I. A. Cole ◽  
T. B. Koen
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Chloris Gayana

Thirty perennial grass accessions were evaluated for emergence, growth and persistence at 6 severely salinised seepage scalds on the western slopes of New South Wales. Warm-season accessions were sown or planted in spring 1996 and 1997, and cool-season types in autumn 1996 and 1997. Control species, tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum) and puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) were sown in spring and autumn. Plants were monitored over 2 growing seasons. None of the accessions, including the controls, performed well at all sites. Of the accessions established from seed, tall wheat grass was the most reliable in terms of the number of successful establishments but its growth potential was only achieved at a few sites. Some warm-season species (Panicum coloratum, Chloris gayana and Cynodon dactylon) approached their growth potential at some sites but overall rates of establishment were very low. The performance of puccinellia appeared to be adversely affected by low pH. It was concluded that on severely scalded sites, vegetative propagation of stoloniferous–rhizomatous plants, e.g. Pennisetum clandestinum, Paspalum vaginatum and C. gayana, may be the best option.

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