scholarly journals Yield, Yield Distribution, and Forage Quality of Warm-Season Perennial Grasses Grown for Pasture or Biofuel in the Southern Great Plains

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Rogers ◽  
Frank J. Motal ◽  
Jagadeesh Mosali
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
South Central

Fifteen introduced and native warm-season perennial grasses were evaluated for yield, yield distribution, and quality in south-central Oklahoma. These grasses have production potential for forage and/or biofuel. Each was harvested one to four times per year. “Alamo” switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) had a two-year average dry matter yield of 17690 kg . Over 1/3 of this production occurred in May with a crude protein (CP) range of 97–115 g . Alamo’s high yield potential and early spring growth make it attractive for spring forage production and fall biomass production. Other grasses with two-year average dry matter yields over 11200 kg  and 1/3 of yearly production occurring early in the growing season that have potential dual purpose use include “Selection 75” kleingrass (Panicum coloratum), “Midland 99” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), “Carostan” flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum), and “Ermelo” weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula).

scholarly journals Improving grassland profitability in the Mid-continental USA by breeding for improved forage digestibility: lessons learned and applications to South American grasslands

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (spe) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Kenneth Paul Vogel ◽  
Cesar Heraclides Behling Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

In the early 1970's research was initiated by the cooperative USDA-ARS and University of Nebraska grass breeding program to develop perennial grasses adapted to the mid-continental USA with improved forage quality. The initial breeding and animal evaluation work focused on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) but has since expanded to several other warm-and cool-season perennial grasses. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) test was selected as the measure of forage quality that was used in the breeding work because of its previous successful application on improving bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). In all of the grass species that we have studied to date, there is genetic variability for IVDMD and forage yield. IVDMD is a heritable trait with narrow sense heritability's ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 which are similar to heritability's for forage yield. If significant improvements or difference in IVDMD (> 1%) can be detected in small plot trials (r=6), differences in cattle gains among experimental strains or cultivars can be demonstrated in grazing trials. Averaged over both cool- and warm-season grasses, a 1% increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) generally leads to a 3.2% increase in average daily gains of beef cattle. Because increased IVDMD generally does not result in a decrease in forage yield, this results in a net increase in animal production per hectare of land.

Potential of warm-season annual forages and Brassica crops for grazing: A Canadian Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D McCartney ◽  
J Fraser ◽  
A Ohama
Keyword(s):  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Cost

Extension of the grazing season beyond the normal perennial grazing season has been identified as a potential mechanism to reduce the cost of production on Canadian cow-calf operations. This review will provide an overview of the potential use of warm-season and Brassica crops including corn (Zea mays), Golden German foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.), kale (Brassica oleracea L.), forage rape (B. napus ssp. biennis L.) and turnip (B. rapa L.). These crops have a high yield potential, but the cost for grazing these crops has not been adequately compared with the cost of grazing oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and fall rye (Secale cereale L.). There are very few actual animal grazing trials evaluating the economics of using these crops in grazing systems in Canada, and this requires further research.Key words: Corn, millet, sorgum, sudan grass, fodder crops, brassicas

Resistance to Drought and Salinity: Avenues for Improvement

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Passioura
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Random Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
High Yield Potential

Various techniques for improving the resistance of plants to drought or salinity are discussed in relation to a notional spectrum ranging from rationality to random search. The rational end of the spectrum is exemplified by the control of phenology so that flowering occurs at an optimal time; the random end by wide crosses, such as that between wheat and Elytrigia, which give the remote hope that the high yield-potential of one will combine with the toughness of the other. Most of the techniques occupy the middle ground and involve selecting for characters whose protagonists have strong, but often poorly articulated, hunches that the characters will confer resistance to drought or salinity on the plants possessing them. For drought resistance of grain crops, the possible worth of many of these characters is discussed in relation to their likely impact on improving a crop's ability to (a) extract water from the soil, (b) produce dry matter given a limited water supply, and (c) convert dry matter into grain.

scholarly journals Silica Production across Candidate Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Feedstocks

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Yifeng Xu ◽  
Nick Porter ◽  
Jamie L. Foster ◽  
James P. Muir ◽  
Paul Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Energy Cane ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Biofuels produced from non-food lignocellulosic feedstocks have the potential to replace a significant percentage of fossil fuels via high yield potential and suitability for cultivation on marginal lands. Commercialization of dedicated lignocellulosic crops into single biofuels, however, is hampered by conversion technology costs and decreasing oil prices. Integrated biorefinery approaches, where value-added chemicals are produced in conjunction with biofuels, offer significant potential towards overcoming this economic disadvantage. In this study, candidate lignocellulosic feedstocks were evaluated for their potential biomass and silica yields. Feedstock entries included pearl millet-napiergrass (“PMN”; Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br. × P. purpureum Schumach.), napiergrass (P. purpureum Schumach.), annual sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), pearl millet (P. glaucum [L.] R. Br.), perennial sorghum (Sorghum spp.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus J.M. Greef and Deuter), and energy cane (Saccharum spp.). Replicated plots were planted at three locations and characterized for biomass yield, chemical composition including hemicellulose, cellulose, acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and silica concentration. The PMN, napiergrass, energy cane, and sunn hemp had the highest biomass yields. They were superior candidates for ethanol production due to high cellulose and hemicellulose content. They also had high silica yield except for sunn hemp. Silica yield among feedstock entries ranged from 41 to 3249 kg ha−1. Based on high bioethanol and biosilica yield potential, PMN, napiergrass, and energy cane are the most promising biorefinery feedstock candidates for improving biofuel profitability.

scholarly journals ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS AND FEATURES CULTIVATION OF TETRAPLOID VARIETY MEADOW FESCUE 'BINARA'

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Middle Tier ◽  
Economic Use

Due to the presence of a complex of economically useful signs, meadow fescue is one of the most popular perennial grasses in the country's feed production. To increase the effectiveness of the use of meadow fescue, it is important to develop and introduce new highly productive varieties of this crop into produc-tion practice. In the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology a tetraploid variety of meadow fescue 'Binara' was created. The higher effect of economic use of induced tetraploid varieties is due to the increased buffering of their genotype due to a higher level of intra-population hete-rosis and homeostasis. The collection of green mass of the forage crop of the 'Binara' variety exceeds the standard by 20.6% (diploid variety), dry matter — by 58%. In terms of protein content, the 'Binara' varie-ty exceeds the standard by 1.4%, in terms of carbohydrates — by 4.0%, which provides an increase in the indicators of palatability, digestibility of feed, especially in aftergrass. The palatability of the dry matter of the feed is higher than standard by 8.4%, the digestibility is 4.4%. The seed yield is 650–800 kg/ha and can reach 1000 kg/ha. The weight of 1000 seeds in the 'Binara' variety is 3.7–4.5 g versus 2.0–2.6 g in diploid varieties. Plants are differ by the gigantism of some metameric organs (generative shoots, spike-lets, leaves of the middle tier, etc.). Winter hardiness and disease resistance are stable, disease prevalence is low.

scholarly journals DRY MATTER AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION CURVE IN CABBAGE CROP

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-689
Author(s):  
LUIZ OTÁVIO DUARTE ◽  
JUNIA MARIA CLEMENTE ◽  
ILÍDIO AUGUSTO BORGES CAIXETA ◽  
MARCELO DE PAULA SENOSKI ◽  
LEONARDO ANGELO DE AQUINO
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Accumulation Curve ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
High Yield Potential

Abstract Cabbage cultivars currently cultivated present high yield potential and may present differences regarding absorption and use of nutrients. Thus, studies quantifying plant growth and nutrient accumulation are the basis to improve fertilization efficiency and optimize yield. This study aimed to determine the dry matter and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) accumulation curve of cabbage cultivars during two growing seasons. Cultivars Astrus Plus and Green Valley were cultivated during summer-autumn crop season, while Astrus Plus and Fênix during the autumn-winter crop season. Plants were sampled after transplanting at 10-day intervals until harvest. Dry matter and nutrient accumulations are variable with growing season and cultivar. The highest dry matter and nutrient accumulation rates occur in the last ten days of the cycle. Fertilizations with N, P, K, Fe, and Zn should receive more attention due to higher harvest indices.

scholarly journals 40 Alternative forages for dairy heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Matthew Akins ◽  
Elizabeth Remick ◽  
Huawei Su ◽  
Lingyan Li ◽  
Abbey Grisham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Moderate Energy

Abstract Dairy heifers have moderate energy needs with diets containing high proportions of corn silage, often exceeding needs of pregnant heifers. Use of moderate energy forages to decrease energy and increase NDF content has been successful to control intake and growth of pregnant heifers. Several forages could be used, including cereal grain forages/straws, warm season perennial grasses, sorghum forages, and corn stover. Higher NDF content diets control intake through rumen fill as heifers eat approximately 1% of bodyweight in NDF daily. Research at the University of Wisconsin found reduced intakes and more desirable gains for pregnant heifers fed diets that included either corn stover, wheat straw, or eastern gamagrass (0.8–1.0 kg gain/day) compared with heifers fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet (1.2 kg gain/day). A study feeding alfalfa stemlage also found that heifers had more desirable gains (0.9–1.0 kg/day) when fed diets with stemlage or straw than heifers fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet. Sorghum forages may also work to partially replace corn silage in the forage program, with an opportunity to double-crop with cereal grain forages. Wisconsin studies show that sorghum forages can have similar or greater yields than corn silage when planted in early to mid-June and harvested once in the fall, with sorghums being more responsive to irrigation and nitrogen than corn. Most sorghums had similar or greater yields than corn silage when fertilized at 22–45 kg N/acre or irrigated at 50–75% of levels recommended for corn. A recent study found heifers fed sorghum-sudangrass silage based diets had lower intakes due to higher NDF content leading to more optimal daily gains (0.9 kg/d) than heifers fed a corn silage/alfalfa silage/grass hay diet that had similar protein and energy content, but was lower in NDF content. Use of alternative forages can help control nutrient intake and thus growth, and can also help control costs and improve nutrient/manure management by lowering intakes and forage production costs.

scholarly journals The value of native, warm-season perennial grasses grown for pasture or biofuel in the southern Great Plains, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Rogers ◽  
Bryan Nichols ◽  
Jon T. Biermacher ◽  
Jagadeesh Mosali
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Feedstock Production ◽  
High Yields

The Renewable Fuel Standard under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandated the production of 60.5 GL (1 GL = 1 × 109 L) of cellulosic biofuel by 2022. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been identified as a primary feedstock because it is a perennial adapted to a wide environmental range and produces high yields. Development of the cellulosic biofuel industry has been slow, one reason being a lack of available feedstock driven by lack of a developed market. Rather than considering it only as a dedicated biofuel feedstock, we examined switchgrass potential for both grazing and biofuel feedstock. In a series of experiments testing dry matter yield, grazing preference and animal bodyweight gain, switchgrass (cv. Alamo) was found to produce greater total yield (17.7 kg ha–1) than 15 other warm-season perennial grasses, was the most preferred by stocker cattle in a grazing preference study, and produced good average daily gains in a grazing study (0.84–1.05 kg head–1). These results demonstrate the potential of switchgrass for both grazing and biofuel feedstock. However, the feedstock price would need to increase above US$83 Mg–1 before the economics of dedicated switchgrass feedstock production would surpass that of a combination of switchgrass grazing and feedstock production.

Performance of some perennial grasses on severely salinised sites on the inland slopes of New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Semple ◽  
I. A. Cole ◽  
T. B. Koen
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Chloris Gayana

Thirty perennial grass accessions were evaluated for emergence, growth and persistence at 6 severely salinised seepage scalds on the western slopes of New South Wales. Warm-season accessions were sown or planted in spring 1996 and 1997, and cool-season types in autumn 1996 and 1997. Control species, tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum) and puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) were sown in spring and autumn. Plants were monitored over 2 growing seasons. None of the accessions, including the controls, performed well at all sites. Of the accessions established from seed, tall wheat grass was the most reliable in terms of the number of successful establishments but its growth potential was only achieved at a few sites. Some warm-season species (Panicum coloratum, Chloris gayana and Cynodon dactylon) approached their growth potential at some sites but overall rates of establishment were very low. The performance of puccinellia appeared to be adversely affected by low pH. It was concluded that on severely scalded sites, vegetative propagation of stoloniferous–rhizomatous plants, e.g. Pennisetum clandestinum, Paspalum vaginatum and C. gayana, may be the best option.

scholarly journals Influence of Date of Planting on the Growth and Yield of Locally Popular Traditional Aromatic Rice Varieties in Boro Season

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
MA Mannan ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
MIM Akhand ◽  
MM Rana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Farm, Gazipur, in boro season to determine the optimum planting date and to select the varieties having high yield potential. Traditional aromatic photoperiod sensitive fine rice varieties; Kalijira, Kataribhog, Chinigura and Badshabhog were transplanted from 10 December and continued up to 25 January, both in 2000 and 2001 years, at an interval of 15 days. Forty-day old seedlings were transplanted spaced at 20 cm x 20 cm. Results exhibited that plant tallness, number of tillers and dry matter increased with the advancement of planting dates. On the contrary, the number of panicles, grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and growth duration decreased with delaying of planting dates. The intermediate short stature plant type of Chinigura exhibited higher number of panicles (300-331 m-2) and comparatively heavier individual grain (12.25-12.31 g), consequently gave higher grain yield (2.79-3.53 t ha-1 ) planted with in December. However, in late planted situation in 10 January Kalijira exhibited higher number of panicles, grains panicle-1, resulted higher grain yield than the rest of the varieties. Thus, cultivation of traditional aromatic fine rice Chinigura and Kalijira have the potentiality to produced higher grain yield when planted in early December in Boro season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16275 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):20-28

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