Neurobiology of Psychotic Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Cadenhead ◽  
Jamie Joseph ◽  
Skylar Kelsven ◽  
Amedeo Minichino ◽  
Heline Mirzakhanian
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Functional Impact ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis ◽  
Electrophysiologic Studies

Efforts to prevent or lessen the functional impact of psychosis can be informed by a better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings at the earliest stages of the disorder. Understanding these processes early in the psychosis spectrum will in turn allow more targeted efforts to prevent or minimize functional limitations among patients with psychosis. Advances in technology have enabled the study of a host of biomarkers implicated in the neurobiology of psychosis offering unique avenues to investigate mechanisms of disease while at the same time shedding some light on more patient-tailored treatments and setting the foundation for personalized medicine in psychosis. Insights into the neurobiology of psychosis are reviewed, including findings from neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and electrophysiologic studies and findings related to the role of hypothalamic-pituitary axis activity and neuroinflammation in the emergence of psychosis. Biomarker-informed treatments are discussed, and potential promising biomarkers and related treatments are proposed. This review contains 5 figures, 13 tables, and 85 references.  Key words: attenuated risk syndrome, biomarkers, prodrome, psychosis, schizophrenia, treatment

Neurobiology of Psychotic Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Cadenhead ◽  
Jamie Joseph ◽  
Skylar Kelsven ◽  
Amedeo Minichino ◽  
Heline Mirzakhanian
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Functional Impact ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis ◽  
Electrophysiologic Studies

Efforts to prevent or lessen the functional impact of psychosis can be informed by a better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings at the earliest stages of the disorder. Understanding these processes early in the psychosis spectrum will in turn allow more targeted efforts to prevent or minimize functional limitations among patients with psychosis. Advances in technology have enabled the study of a host of biomarkers implicated in the neurobiology of psychosis offering unique avenues to investigate mechanisms of disease while at the same time shedding some light on more patient-tailored treatments and setting the foundation for personalized medicine in psychosis. Insights into the neurobiology of psychosis are reviewed, including findings from neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and electrophysiologic studies and findings related to the role of hypothalamic-pituitary axis activity and neuroinflammation in the emergence of psychosis. Biomarker-informed treatments are discussed, and potential promising biomarkers and related treatments are proposed. This review contains 5 figures, 13 tables, and 85 references.  Key words: attenuated risk syndrome, biomarkers, prodrome, psychosis, schizophrenia, treatment

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN THE TRANSLATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LITERATURE (Ukrainian — German discourse)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Svitlana Gruschko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The article investigates the role of communicative-functional approach in the translation of scientific and technical literature, when the translation itself is seen as a tool to accomplish purposeful activity of communicators, representatives of different interlingual groups. In practical terms, the difficulties of translating scientific and technical texts are due to the peculiarities of scientific style, insufficient understanding of the terminology of a particular field of knowledge, which complicates the choice of adequate translation solutions. In this context, an important role is played by the translation strategy, where the communicativefunctional approach dominates. The translation is implicitly included in the communication structure between the author and the recipient. The relevance of the article is determined by the necessity of studying the problems of scientific and technical literature translation, taking into account the current realities of interlanguage information exchange. Key words: communicative-functional approach, interlingual communication, translation, structure

The Role of Vitamin B6 in Reducing Serum Prolactin in Comparison to Cabergoline

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suha J. Witwit
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

Hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary axis. It affect about 4-17% of women in reproductive age and about 3-10% of patients with polycystic ovaries. Vitamin B6 is an effective prolactin inhibitor that is extremely cheap and safe.it exerts hypothalamic dopaminergic effect which causes a significant reduction in prolactin level. The aim of the study is To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin B6 in reducing serum prolactin in Hyperprolactinemic patient. Compare this effect to that of cabergoline.

INTERPRETATIONAL FIELD OF THE CONCEPT “WOMAN” IN ENGLISH AND KYRGYZ LINGUOCULTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Баяманова М.С.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Field Culture

Summary: The article deals with the analysis of the interpretational field of the basic lexical units which represent the meaning of the concept “woman” in English and Kyrgyz languages and cultures. Comparative – contrastive analytical data of the most frequently used in both languages variants of the interpretation of the concept “woman” have been given. The semantic fields of nuclear and nearnuclear meanings of the lexical units, transforming the notion of “woman” in English and Kyrgyz languages and also the place and role of these notions in cultures and philosophy of the nations on the basis of mentality and traditional values have been studied and described. The situations of the use of this or that variant of the meaning of lexical unit. A comparative study of the definitions of the word “woman’ in English and Kyrgyz languages have been given. Key words: concept, woman, interpretational field, notion, definition, semantic field, culture, language, linguoculture, transformation Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются интерпретационные поля основных лексических единиц, репрезентирующих значение концепта «женщина» в английской и кыргызской лингвокультурах. Приводятся сравнительно-сопоставительные аналитические данные наиболее употребительных в речи обоих языков вариантов интерпретации концепта «женщина». Изучены и описаны семантические поля ядерных и околоядерных значений лексических единиц, трансформирующих понятие «женщина» в английском и кыргызском языке, а также роль и место этих понятий в культурах и философии народов на основе менталитета и традиционных ценностей. Приводятся ситуации использования того или ино- го варианта значения лексической единицы, проведено сравнительное изучение определений слова «женщина» в английском и кыргызском языках. Ключевые слова: концепт, женщина, интерпретационное поле, понятие, определение, семантическое поле, культура, язык, лингвокультура, трансформация Аннотация: Макалада англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде жана маданияттарында «аял» концептинин маанисин репрезентациалаган негизги лексикалык бирдиктер каралат. «Аял» концептин эки тилдеги кѳп колдонулуучу интерпретациялоо варианттарынын аналитикалык салыштырма маалыматтары изил- делип берилген. Англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде «аял» түшүнүгүн трансформациялаган лексикалык бирдиктердин түп нуска жана ага жакындашкан маанилери иликтелип каралган. Берилген түшүнүктѳрдүн элдик философиясында жана маданиятында, менталитеттин жана салттын негизинде эл арасына кеӊири тараган, элдик тилде жана маданиятта ойногон ролу менен орду чагылдырылган. Ар түрдү ситацияларда колдонулуучу тиги же бул лексикалык бирдиктердин маанисинин варианттары каралган, «аял» деген сѳздун англис жана кыргыз тилдериндеги түшүндүрмѳлѳрү салыштырылып изилделген. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: концепт, аял, интерпретациялоо мейкиндиги, түшүнүк, түшүндүрмѳ, семантикалык чѳйрѳ, маданият, тил, лингвомаданият, трансформациялоо

scholarly journals The Role of Network Science in Glioblastoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Marta B. Lopes ◽  
Eduarda P. Martins ◽  
Susana Vinga ◽  
Bruno M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Network Discovery ◽  
Software Implementations

Network science has long been recognized as a well-established discipline across many biological domains. In the particular case of cancer genomics, network discovery is challenged by the multitude of available high-dimensional heterogeneous views of data. Glioblastoma (GBM) is an example of such a complex and heterogeneous disease that can be tackled by network science. Identifying the architecture of molecular GBM networks is essential to understanding the information flow and better informing drug development and pre-clinical studies. Here, we review network-based strategies that have been used in the study of GBM, along with the available software implementations for reproducibility and further testing on newly coming datasets. Promising results have been obtained from both bulk and single-cell GBM data, placing network discovery at the forefront of developing a molecularly-informed-based personalized medicine.

Persisting demibivalents: a unique meiotic behaviour in Cuscuta babylonica Choisy

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batia Pazy ◽  
Uzi Plitmann
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Chromosome Movement ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Key Words Meiosis ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Telomeric Association

Idiosyncratic chromosome behaviour during meiosis was found in pollen mother cells of Cuscuta babylonica Choisy, a thread-like holoparasitic herb. Its main features are among the following: (i) telomeric association between homologues through most stages of the process, which leads to persisting chromatid bivalents (= "demibivalents"); (ii) uncommon chromosome segregation in first and second anaphase; and (iii) prolonged intensified heterochromatinization. Although "regular" in its own way, this process leads to the formation of unviable products. Its further investigation might contribute to our understanding of the role of the spindle and chromosome movement in the ordinary process of meiosis. Key words: meiosis (abnormal), persisting demibivalents, Cuscuta babylonica.

scholarly journals The role of rumination in illness trajectories in youth: linking trans-diagnostic processes with clinical staging models

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2467-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Grierson ◽  
I. B. Hickie ◽  
S. L. Naismith ◽  
J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Co Morbidity

Research in developmental psychopathology and clinical staging models has increasingly sought to identify trans-diagnostic biomarkers or neurocognitive deficits that may play a role in the onset and trajectory of mental disorders and could represent modifiable treatment targets. Less attention has been directed at the potential role of cognitive-emotional regulation processes such as ruminative response style. Maladaptive rumination (toxic brooding) is a known mediator of the association between gender and internalizing disorders in adolescents and is increased in individuals with a history of early adversity. Furthermore, rumination shows moderate levels of genetic heritability and is linked to abnormalities in neural networks associated with emotional regulation and executive functioning. This review explores the potential role of rumination in exacerbating the symptoms of alcohol and substance misuse, and bipolar and psychotic disorders during the peak age range for illness onset. Evidence shows that rumination not only amplifies levels of distress and suicidal ideation, but also extends physiological responses to stress, which may partly explain the high prevalence of physical and mental co-morbidity in youth presenting to mental health services. In summary, the normative developmental trajectory of rumination and its role in the evolution of mental disorders and physical illness demonstrates that rumination presents a detectable, modifiable trans-diagnostic risk factor in youth.

Extase scopique, sédimentation langagičre et inscription corporelle. Les images dans la civilisation contemporaine

PARADIGMI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Wunenburger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Image Informatics

- Linguistic Sedimentation, and Bodily Inscription At present, we are exposed to an excessive offer of images, which raises a problem of assimilation. Subjects are increasingly passive, in ways that can border on pathological conditions. Yet, it is not so much a question of condemning this situation as of finding a way of re-symbolizing images, saving them from mere contemplation and inserting them in a process of contextualisation. Such a process requires an understanding of the role of the body and of the incorporation of images along the lines of Bachelard's intuition of the "resisting" nature of images. This raises the possibility of an education to images suited to the present age.Key words: Alienation, Education, Embodiment, Image, Informatics, Symbolisation.Parole chiave: Alienazione, Educazione, Immagine, Incorporazione, Informatica, Simbolizzazione.

Prevention of reproductive loss in placental dysfunction

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
T.V. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Morozova ◽  
Ye.N. Gopchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
Reproductive Loss

The data of endothelium dysfunction and its connection with pathology in sphere of obstetrics and gynecology is presented. Role of L-arginine donators in treatment of endothelium deficiency-caused diseases is observed Key words: Tivomax, L-arginine, endothelium. Obstetrics and gynecology, placental deficiency, preeclampsia.

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