Human Trafficking 3: Intervention And Therapy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Macias-Konstantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Forensic Evaluation ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Reporting Laws

Emergency department (ED) physicians must familiarize themselves with all mandatory reporting laws that apply to those whom they suspect of being the victims of human trafficking. Furthermore, ED physicians must be aware of when to require a forensic evaluation and when to enlist social services to help with the process of documentation, keeping in mind the medical, legal, and safety considerations of the patient. Subspecialty consultation should proceed in accordance with typical practice. Following the identification of a trafficked patient, a comprehensive interdisciplinary response should ensue: in addition to social workers, other hospital-based health professionals whose knowledge and skills may be needed include addiction service providers, child protection specialists, forensic and sexual assault nurse examiners, mental health providers, case managers, hospital legal counsel, and risk management specialists. Despite ED physician and related professional intervention, little is known regarding the outcomes of human trafficking. This review contains 1 figure, 3 tables and 13 references Key words: forensic evaluation, mandatory reporting laws, medical record documentation, neutral language, reported human trafficking, suspected human trafficking, trafficking in persons  

scholarly journals Child Abuse And Neglect: Mandatory Reporting and the Legal Profession

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Deverson
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Legal Professional ◽  
Reporting Laws

Child abuse and neglect affects approximately 42 500 children in Australia each year. Parliaments in all Australian states and territories have introduced mandatory reporting into child protection legislation to protect vulnerable children by requiring certain individuals to report suspicions of abuse or neglect. However, lawyers are prevented from reporting because of the rules governing legal professional privilege and confidentiality. This article begins by examining the problem of child abuse and neglect in Australia and outlines the current legislative framework of mandatory reporting laws in Part II. Part III discusses the current rules governing lawyers and examines legal professional privilege and the duty of confidentiality. Part IV provides arguments for and against requiring lawyers to report suspected abuse and also considers the lawyer-client relationship and the special position of domestic violence victims. Part V offers recommendations for the proposed legislative reform. This article concludes that lawyers should be required to report child abuse and neglect.

Every Child Matters and the Children Act 2004

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Carl Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Structural Reform ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Subsequent Passage

This chapter highlights the political drivers of Labour’s structural reforms to English local government through an examination of the Every Child Matters Green Paper and the subsequent passage of the Children Act 2004. It is argued that the initiation of the Green Paper chaired by Paul Boateng, then Chief Secretary to the Treasury, was not a response to the Victoria Climbié Inquiry. Safeguarding and child protection policies did not receive the explicit prioritisation that Lord Laming had called for. Labour’s structural reforms were designed to address concerns relating to the delivery of a broader range of policy priorities incorporating health, education and crime and anti-social behaviour. Moreover, social services and social work were largely overlooked under the new structural arrangements with the focus being primarily on the early intervention and preventative responsibilities of universal services including schools and health service providers. The chapter also discusses the involvement of children’s sector NGOs in the development of Labour’s reforms and how opposition to structural reform was ultimately ignored.

Linking Schools and Social Services: The Case of Child Abuse Reporting

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. Zellman
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Abuse Reporting ◽  
Child Abuse Reporting ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Reporting Laws ◽  
Apparent Conflict

Coordination of schools and child protective services (CPS) agencies on child abuse reporting is required by law because school staff are mandated to report suspected maltreatment to CPS agencies. National data reveal that school staff generally comply with the reporting mandate. Although school district policy and resource limitations reinforce compliance with the reporting laws, CPS agency policies designed to limit reports and to focus resources on the most serious cases are inconsistent with district policies. As a result, school staff reports may be greeted with annoyance and rejection. The implications of this apparent conflict for child protection and for other coordination efforts are discussed.

scholarly journals The Trafficking Continuum: Service Providers’ Perspectives on Vulnerability, Exploitation, and Trafficking

Affilia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Schwarz ◽  
Daniel Alvord ◽  
Dorothy Daley ◽  
Megha Ramaswamy ◽  
Emily Rauscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
A Chain

Much of the research on human trafficking focuses on the prosecution of traffickers and protection of survivors after the crime has occurred. Less is known about the social disparities that make someone vulnerable to trafficking. This project examines human trafficking from a preventive focus, using data from a case study of service providers working with at-risk populations in the Kansas City, MO-KS area. The research team conducted 42 in-depth interviews with service providers working in the medical, educational, legal, and social services sectors from 2013 to 2016. Participants identified risk factors that could make someone vulnerable to labor or sexual exploitation. These factors clustered into four key areas: economic insecurity, housing insecurity, education, and migration. The research findings also suggest that human trafficking may be driven by an accumulation of risk factors that move vulnerable persons closer to labor exploitation and sex trafficking, fitting with a chain-of-risk model. We propose a model that reconceives of trafficking as a continuum that includes a range of vulnerabilities, violence, and traumas. In order to address human trafficking, policy makers and advocates need to focus on upstream prevention factors to address vulnerabilities that can lead to sex and labor exploitation.

scholarly journals Women Trading Sex in a U.S.-Mexico Border City: A Qualitative Study of the Barriers and Facilitators to Finding Community and Voice

Sexes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Claudia Gonzalez ◽  
Kimberly C. Brouwer ◽  
Elizabeth Reed ◽  
Melanie J. Nicholls ◽  
Jessica Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Sex Trade ◽  
Structural Support

Poverty and income inequality can increase a woman’s decision to engage in risky transactional sex, and may lead to unimaginable harms, such as violence, substance use, and human trafficking. This study examines the facilitators and barriers to finding community and voice among women trading sex in Tijuana, Mexico, and what factors, such as socio-structural support, violence, and substance use, may impact their potential to engage with others, including human service providers. Sixty qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with women trading sex in Tijuana, Mexico. Researchers met with participants for in-depth-face-to-face structured interviews. Data were coded using ATLAS.ti. Participants were aged 19–73 (mean: 37), 98% were of Mexican nationality, 90% reported trading sex independent of the control of others, with 58% identified as independent and street-based. Thirty percent of women trading sex reported substance use (excluding marijuana) and 20% reported injection drug use within 30 days. The majority reported no involvement in mobilization activities, but 85% expressed interest. However, barriers included stigma, cultural gender norms, partner violence, and privacy in regards to disclosure of sex trade involvement, moral conflict (revealing one’s involvement in sex trade), involvement in substance use, human trafficking, and feeling powerless. Facilitators were having a safe space to meet, peer support, self-esteem, feeling heard, knowledge of rights, economic need to support families, and staying healthy. Findings imply the potential to go beyond mobilizing limited groups of women in the sex trade and instead involve whole community mobilization; that is, to reach and include the more vulnerable women (substance use, trafficked) in supportive services (social services, exit strategies, better healthcare opportunities, and/or education for healthcare providers to help break societal stigmas regarding women in the sex trade) and to change the status of women in society in general.

scholarly journals The Protection of Women and Children as Victims of Human Trafficking in Jambi Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-230
Author(s):  
Hafrida Hafrida ◽  
Nelli Herlina ◽  
Zulham Adamy
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Trafficking Victim ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Law

The research aims at studying the policy of the Regional Government in protecting the victims of human trafficking, especially females and children. This legal research is based on an empirical study at Regional Police (POLDA), P2TP2A, and Social Services office in Jambi Province. The Law Number 35/2014 on the Amendment of The Law Number 23/2002 on Child Protection provides a greater portion for the Regional Government to take active roles in providing child protection and Presidential Regulation Number 69/2008 about Task Force Prevention and Handling the Criminal Act of Trafficking Victim. Using analysis of descriptive qualitative, it is learned that the handling of the women and children as victims of trafficking remain partially. The responsible institutions have not well-coordinated because a task force as commissioned by Presidential Regulation number 69/2008. The results show that Jambi Province has passed Jambi Province Regional Regulation Number 2/2015 on Prevention and Handling of Human Trafficking towards Females and Children. However, the study also shows that the regulation has not been applied by related parties since Governor’s regulation as implementing regulation is inexistent.

scholarly journals Physician Encounters with Human Trafficking: Legal Consequences and Ethical Considerations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Todres
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
Reporting Laws

There is growing recognition and evidence that health care professionals regularly encounter - though they may not identify - victims of human trafficking in a variety of health care settings. Identifying and responding appropriately to trafficking victims or survivors requires not only training in trauma-informed care but also consideration of the legal and ethical issues that arise when serving this vulnerable population. This essay examines three areas of law that are relevant to this case scenario: criminal law, with a focus on conspiracy; service provider regulations, with a focus on mandatory reporting laws; and human rights law. In addition to imposing a legal mandate, the law can inform ethical considerations about how health care professionals should respond to human trafficking.Originally published as: Jonathan Todres, Physician Encounters with Human Trafficking, 19 AMA J. Ethics 16 (2017), http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2017/01/ecas2-1701.html.The viewpoints expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the AMA.

scholarly journals “It is judgment by the people that have meant something to me that hurts the most”: Inter-discursive evidence synthesis incorporates the lived experience of adolescent mothers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dion ◽  
Aime Klevor ◽  
Amy Nakajima ◽  
Neil Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Perinatal Health ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background Evidence synthesis without meaningful stakeholder engagement can overlook factors considered relevant and influential by stakeholders. This paper presents an inter-discursive approach to grounding conventional mixed methods evidence synthesis in stakeholder views of adolescent perinatal health in Canada. Methods A parallel-results convergent mixed review identified studies reporting on perinatal outcomes and experiences of adolescents during pregnancy to 12 months post-partum, in French or English, published in Canada after 2000. We summarized findings using thematic synthesis and descriptive statistics. We then extracted data from a provincial database of maternal and newborn outcomes and calculated relative risks for common perinatal risk factors and outcomes for adolescents compared to adult population within a local health region and across Ontario from 2012-2017. Two trained peer researchers contributed to our evidence syntheses. We shared syntheses with four service providers and 13 marginalized adolescent mothers, who identified and prioritized their areas of concern. A second literature review refocused around the priority issues identified by the women and was then expanded through semi-structured interviews.      Results Adolescent mothers face more poverty, higher rates of abuse, anxiety and depression than adult mothers. They also report experiencing negative judgments when accessing services, highlighting the need for more youth-friendly services. Adolescent women prioritized the experience of judgment in perinatal health and social services, and more specifically how they felt judgment contributed to them being identified as a child protection risk. Other priorities included inadequate housing, judgment around breastfeeding, loss of social support and inaccessibility of community resources. Judgment in the adolescent perinatal health literature was summarized around three themes: being invisible, incapable and at risk. Adolescent mothers adapted and added onto these categories, emphasizing organizational and social challenges, with important consequences for their mental health and accessing appropriate care. Conclusions Incorporating young women’s voices changed the focus of our research. Women’s priorities highlighted the way motherhood norms are embedded in social and institutional structures. Adolescent women’s experiences of care have important implications for ensuring the effectiveness of more targeted interventions to maximize benefit to women and newborns.

scholarly journals Commentary: What should referral pathways have to improve healthcare experiences of women with female genital mutilation in Australia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyne Njue ◽  
Edward K. Ameyaw ◽  
Bright O. Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Samuel Kimani
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background We examined the evidence derived from healthcare professionals’ interfacing with women with female genital mutilation (FGM) to comprehend the referral pathways available to these women in Australia. Main body Clinicians encountered FGM-related complications that included ruptured bladder and total urinary incontinence. Midwives and paediatricians indicated a lack of referral pathways for FGM, but used their discretion to refer such cases to social work departments, obstetric/gynaecological units, child protection service providers, psychological counsellors and surgeons. The continuum of care for women with FGM is characterised by inadequate and lack of clear referral pathways. This underscores the need to develop and strengthen referral pathways in response to physical, birthing and psychological complications of women with FGM to improve their care experiences in Australia. Short conclusion Capacity building initiatives on FGM-prevention and care for trainees and practising health providers and community involvement in high burden areas/populations should be implemented to promote uptake and utilization of the referral services. Provision of infrastructural support, including clinical management tools, job aids, posters, referral algorithms and electronic patient records with "drop-down menus" for referral sites for health complications of FGM to reinforce the providers’ efforts are critical.

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