Ezetimibe Effect on Bone Mineral Density and Markers of Bone Formation and Resorption

Introduction Osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are diseases that have serious public health consequences, reducing the quality of life of patients and increasing morbidity and mortality, with substantial healthcare expenditures. Objective To evaluate the impact of MetS on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in adolescents with excess weight. Method A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was performed that evaluated 271 adolescents of both sexes (10 to 16 years). From the total sample, 42 adolescents with excess weight and the presence of MetS (14%) were selected. A further 42 adolescents with excess weight and without MetS were chosen, matched for chronological age, bone age, and pubertal developmental criteria to those with MetS, for each sex. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure collection, and biochemical tests were performed in all adolescents, as well as evaluation of BMD and the bone biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and carboxy-terminal telopeptide (S-CTx). Results The adolescents with excess weight and MetS exhibited significantly lower transformed BMD and concentrations of BAP, OC, and S-CTx compared to the matched group, except for OC in boys. A negative and significant correlation was observed between total body BMD and BAP (r = -0.55568; p = 0.005), OC (r = -0.81760; p = < .000), and S-CTx (r = -0.53838; p = 0.011) in girls. Conclusion Metabolic syndrome may be associated with reduced bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in adolescents with excess weight.

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Effect of Endocrine Therapies on Bone in Breast Cancer Patients

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2010-1679 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 308-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

R. J. Santen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Bone Density ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Markers Of Bone Formation

abstract Context: Two common strategies are used to treat estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in women: tamoxifen to inhibit estrogen action, and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) to block estrogen biosynthesis. Recent data suggest that AIs are more effective than tamoxifen in the adjuvant and advanced disease settings and are now being more commonly used. Tamoxifen, as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, exerts estrogenic effects to preserve bone, whereas the AIs profoundly lower estrogen levels and cause bone loss. Recent comparative studies of these agents provide extensive data on fracture rates, bone mineral density, and markers of bone formation and resorption. Objective: The aim of the study was to review the mechanistic effects of estrogen on bone and clinical data regarding bone density, bone turnover markers, and fracture rates in women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen or AIs. Evidence Acquisition and Synthesis: Data presented reflect a review of the literature and data integration from the perspective of the author's knowledge of the field. Results: Tamoxifen increases bone density and reduces fractures in postmenopausal women with breast cancer, whereas AIs increase rate of fracture, accelerate loss of bone mineral density, and enhance levels of markers of bone formation and resorption. Bisphosphonates and denosumab counteract the effects of the AIs on bone. Guidelines for management of AI-induced bone loss are available from several sources, but a simple algorithm guides decision making most effectively. Conclusions: Endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with breast cancer exerts substantial effects on bone, and guidelines are available to assist in the management of bone-related problems.

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Effect of Endocrine Therapies on Bone in Breast Cancer Patients

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo.152.1.9991 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 152 (1) ◽

pp. 332-332

Author(s):

R. J. Santen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Density ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Markers Of Bone Formation

Recent data suggest that AIs are more effective than tamoxifen in the adjuvant and advanced disease settings and are now being more commonly used. Tamoxifen, as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, exerts estrogenic effects to preserve bone, whereas the AIs profoundly lower estrogen levels and cause bone loss. Recent comparative studies of these agents provide extensive data on fracture rates, bone mineral density, and markers of bone formation and resorption. Objective: The aim of the study was to review the mechanistic effects of estrogen on bone and clinical data regarding bone density, bone turnover markers, and fracture rates in women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen or AIs. Evidence Acquisition and Synthesis: Data presented reflect a review of the literature and data integration from the perspective of the author’s knowledge of the field. Results: Tamoxifen increases bone density and reduces fractures in postmenopausal women with breast cancer, whereas AIs increase rate of fracture, accelerate loss of bone mineral density, and enhance levels of markers of bone formation and resorption. Bisphosphonates and denosumab counteract the effects of the AIs on bone. Guidelines for management of AI-induced bone loss are available from several sources, but a simple algorithm guides decision making most effectively. Conclusions: Endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with breast cancer exerts substantial effects on bone, and guidelines are available to assist in the management of bone-related problems.

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Bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and novel markers of bone formation and resorption in patients on antiepileptic drugs

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ◽

10.1002/jbmr.5650090507 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 631-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Matti J. Välimäki ◽

Mikko Tiihonen ◽

Kalevi Laitinen ◽

Riitta Tähtelä ◽

Merja Kärkkäinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Markers Of Bone Formation

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Changes in bone metabolism associated with exposure to industrial vibration

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-766-767 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 766-766

Author(s):

A. V. Sukhova ◽

E. N. Kryuchkova

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Local Vibration ◽

Markers Of Bone Formation

The influence of general and local vibration on bone remodeling processes is investigated. The interrelations between the long - term exposure of industrial vibration and indicators of bone mineral density (T-and Z-criteria), biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (ionized calcium, calcium/creatinine) were established.

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Teriparatide Increases Bone Formation and Bone Mineral Density in Adult Women With Anorexia Nervosa

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-4105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 1322-1329 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Pouneh K. Fazeli ◽

Irene S. Wang ◽

Karen K. Miller ◽

David B. Herzog ◽

Madhusmita Misra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Adult Women ◽

Mineral Density

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Evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) and indicators of bone turnover in patients with hemophilia

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2018.2335 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 206-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mehmet Dagli ◽

Ali Kutlucan ◽

Sedat Abusoglu ◽

Abdulkadir Basturk ◽

Mehmet Sozen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Type I ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Significant Difference

A decrease in bone mass is observed in hemophilic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (vitamin D), and a bone formation and resorption marker, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and urinary N-terminal telopeptide (uNTX) respectively, in hemophilic patients and healthy controls. Laboratory parameters related to the pathogenesis of bone loss such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were also evaluated. Thirty-five men over 18 years of age, with severe hemophilia (A and B) and receiving secondary prophylaxis, were included in the study. The same number of age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls were evaluated. Anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal parameters were determined in both groups. No significant difference in anthropometric parameters was found between the two groups. The BMD was low in 34% of hemophilic patients. Vitamin D, calcium, and free testosterone levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001, p = 0.011, p < 0.001, respectively), while PTH, PINP, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) levels were significantly higher (p < 0.014, p = 0.043, p < 0.001, respectively), in hemophilic patients compared to controls. There was no significant difference between the two groups in NLR, PLR, phosphorus, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and uNTX level. The reduction of bone mass in hemophilic patients may be evaluated using the markers of bone formation and resorption, enabling early detection and timely treatment.

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Bone Mineral Density Accrual Determines Energy Expenditure with Refeeding in Anorexia Nervosa and Supersedes Return of Menses

Journal of Osteoporosis ◽

10.4061/2011/720328 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Melissa Sum ◽

Laurel Mayer ◽

Michelle P. Warren

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Nutritional Rehabilitation ◽

Mineral Density

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are major complications of anorexia nervosa (AN). Since bone is a tissue requiring large amounts of energy, we examined the disproportionate increase in resting energy expenditure (REE) that occurs with refeeding of AN patients to determine if it was related to bone accretion. Thirty-seven AN patients aged23.4±4.8years underwent a behavioral weight-gain protocol lasting a median of 66 days; 27 remained amenorrheic, and 10 regained menses. Sixteen controls aged25.1±4.7years were age- and % IBW matched with patients. REE was measured using a respiratory chamber-indirect calorimeter. Significant correlations were found between REE and changes in spine (r=0.48,P<0.02) and leg (r=0.43,P<0.05) BMDs in AN patients. Further subgroup analysis of the amenorrheics revealed significant correlation between REE and change in spine BMD (r=0.59,P<0.02) and higher IGF-1 after weight gain compared to controls. Amenorrheics also had lower BMDs. These findings were absent in the regained menses group. The increase in REE seen in women with AN during nutritional rehabilitation may be related to active bone formation, which is not as prominent when menses have returned.

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