scholarly journals Thresholds for Clinically Significant Tooth-Size Discrepancy

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Endo ◽  
Kenji Uchikura ◽  
Katsuyuki Ishida ◽  
Isao Shundo ◽  
Kosuke Sakaeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Large Groups

Abstract Objective: To determine an appropriate threshold for clinically significant tooth-size discrepancy using both a Bolton standard deviation (SD) definition and a millimetric definition. Materials and Methods: Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured in 250 pretreatment dental casts of patients with Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. The anterior and overall ratios and the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections were calculated. The casts were divided into small, normal, and large groups according to the anterior and overall ratios categorized by the Bolton SD definition, and into small, normal, and large groups according to the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections expressed in millimeters. Results: The small and large anterior ratio groups which fell under the category of the 2 SD threshold did not always need maxillary or mandibular corrections greater than 2 mm, while the small and large overall ratio groups always needed maxillary and mandibular corrections greater than 2 mm. The small and large maxillary correction groups in the 2 mm threshold category did not always have anterior or overall ratios greater than 2 SDs from the Bolton mean. However, the small and large mandibular correction groups always had anterior ratios greater than 2 SDs and did not always have overall ratios greater than 2 SDs. Conclusions: The tooth-size discrepancies could be better expressed in terms of both percentage and actual amount of millimeters required for correction. The ratios outside 2 SDs from the Bolton mean and the discrepancies requiring more than 2 mm of maxillary and/or mandibular corrections are recommendable as the appropriate thresholds for clinical significance.

scholarly journals Bolton’s Tooth Size Discrepancy in Malaysian Orthodontic Patients: Are Occlusal Characteristics Such as Overjet, Overbite, Midline, and Crowding Related to Tooth Size Discrepancy in Specific Malocclusions and Ethnicities?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priti Subhash Mulimani ◽  
Myra Innessa Binti Azmi ◽  
Nabilah Rashida Jamali ◽  
Nur Najaa Binti Md Basir ◽  
Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

Introduction Tooth size, occlusal traits, and ethnicity are closely interrelated, and their impact on desirable orthodontic treatment outcome cannot be underestimated. This study was undertaken to assess the occlusal characteristics and ethnic variations in occlusion of Malaysian orthodontic patients and evaluate their correlation with Bolton’s tooth size discrepancy. Materials and Methods On 112 pretreatment study models of orthodontic patients, molar relationship, overjet, overbite, spacing, crowding, midline shift, and Bolton’s ratios were assessed. ANOVA, one-sample t-test, Chi-squared test, and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant difference between anterior ratio of our study and Bolton’s ideal values was found, for the entire study sample and Chinese ethnic group. Differences between races and malocclusion groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Significant correlations were found as follows – in Angle’s Class I malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overbite, 2) overall ratio and maxillary crowding and spacing; in Angle’s Class II malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overjet and midline shift, 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding; in Angle’s Class III malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and mandibular crowding and both maxillary and mandibular spacing 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding. Conclusions Significant differences in anterior ratio and Bolton’s ideal values for the Malaysian population were found, indicating variations in anterior tooth size as compared to Caucasians. Statistically significant correlations existed between Bolton’s ratios and occlusal traits. These findings can be applied clinically in diagnosis and treatment planning by keeping in mind the specific discrepancies that can occur in certain malocclusions and addressing them accordingly.

scholarly journals Determination of Bolton Norms for Indian Population Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
TV Pawan Kumar ◽  
Prasad Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Male Subjects

Introduction: Tooth size discrepancy varies between different ethnic groups and races. Bolton’s tooth size norms were originally determined in Caucasian population.Objective: To determine tooth size ratios for maxillary and mandibular dentition in Telangana population of Indian sample and to compare the ratios with standard Bolton norms.Materials & Method: The study sample comprised of 300 subjects (150 males and 150 females) aged between 14-25 years having Angle’s Class 1 molar relationship. Study models of all subjects were prepared and mesiodistal dimensions were measured to determine mean Bolton’s anterior ratio, overall ratio, over jet and overbite.Result: Evidence of sexual dimorphism was observed with Indian male subjects having greater mean values than the females. The determined mean for anterior tooth ratio was 80.88 ± 3.03%, overall tooth ratio 93.99 ± 3.11%, overjet 2.92 ± 0.62mm and overbite 2.96 ± 0.63mm. Statistically significant differences were found between Indian samples and Bolton Caucasian standards.Conclusion: The study provides evidence that tooth sizes are population specific. Mean values specific to particular population groups should be derived in order to make treatment planning more accurate and predictable.

scholarly journals Analysis of Interarch Tooth Size Relationship in Nepalese Subjects with Normal Occlusion and Malocclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dashrath Kafle ◽  
Rahul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

Introduction. A proportional relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth size is required for achieving good finish with proper overjet and overbite postorthodontic treatment. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in Nepalese population, to compare Bolton’s ratio between subjects with normal occlusion, Class I malocclusion, and Class II malocclusion, to compare these results with Bolton’s norm, and to determine the frequency of clinically significant (beyond 2 SD) tooth size discrepancy compared to Bolton’s norm. Materials and Methods. The study models of the subjects with normal occlusion and Angle’s Class I malocclusion and Class II malocclusion and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archives. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. The study sample of 120 study models consisted of the normal occlusion group (n = 31), Class I malocclusion group (n = 47), and Class II malocclusion group (n = 42). These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio in three groups of subjects. Bolton’s ratio of study groups was compared with each other and with Bolton’s original ratio. Results. The differences in tooth size ratio of the study groups were not significant statistically, when the groups were compared on the basis of malocclusion or gender. Statistically significant differences were exclusively observed between the study groups and Bolton’s original sample for the anterior ratio. The frequency of the clinically significant tooth size ratio discrepancy was lower for the overall ratio (9.1%) compared to the anterior ratio (22.5%). Conclusions. Bolton’s analysis on the Nepalese population sample shows that there was no significant difference observed on the anterior and overall tooth size ratios when these were compared based on Angle’s malocclusion classes or gender. The clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancy was more prevalent than that of the overall ratio.

scholarly journals Tooth Size Discrepancies in an Orthodontic Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Othman ◽  
Nigel Harradine
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Size ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Size Correction ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Arch

Abstract Objective: To explore how many millimeters of tooth size discrepancy (TSD) are clinically significant, to determine what percentage of a representative orthodontic population has such a tooth size discrepancy, and to determine the ability of simple visual inspection to detect such a discrepancy. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 150 pretreatment study casts with fully erupted and complete permanent dentitions from first molar to first molar, which were selected randomly from 1100 consecutively treated white orthodontic patients. The mesiodistal diameter tooth sizes were measured using digital calipers, and the Bolton analysis and the tooth size corrections were calculated by the Hamilton Arch Tooth System (HATS) software. Simple visual estimation of Bolton discrepancy was also performed. Results: In the sample group 17.4% had anterior tooth-width ratios and 5.4% had total arch ratios greater than 2 of Bolton's standard deviations from Bolton's mean. For the anterior analysis, correction greater than ± 2 mm was required for 16% of patients in the upper arch or 9% in the lower arch. For the total arch analysis, the corresponding figures are 28% and 24%. Conclusions: It is recommended that 2 mm of required tooth size correction is an appropriate threshold for clinical significance. A significant percentage of patients have a TSD of this size. Visual estimation of TSD has low sensitivity and specificity. Careful measurement is more frequently required in clinical practice than visual estimation would suggest.

scholarly journals Effect of Bi-jaw Premolar Extractions on Tooth Size Discrepancy in an Indian Population having Class I Malocclusion: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Manish Sonawane ◽  
Ravindranath V Krishnan ◽  
Girish R Karandikar ◽  
Samay Tahilramani
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Overall Ratio

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the effect of bi-jaw premolar extractions on Bolton tooth size discrepancy in patients of Indian origin, all of which exhibited a bilateral Angle’s class I molar relationship. Materials and methods Ninety sets of pretreatment study casts, which constituted the sample for the study, were divided into three groups, namely, Bolton small (BS), Bolton normal (BN), and Bolton big (BB). Simulated bi-jaw extraction of premolars was carried out in four different combinations for each set of study cast. The four values of Bolton’s overall ratio (BOR) thus obtained were compared with the original BOR value. Results The BOR value reduced when subjected to any of the four combinations of bi-jaw premolar extractions. Conclusion Premolar extraction in any combination inevitably changes the BOR value, which potentially affects the settling of occlusion toward the finishing stages of orthodontic treatment. Clinical significance The present study provides an insight into the choice of bi-jaw premolar extraction combination for each of the three groups in patients exhibiting class I malocclusion in the Indian population. How to cite this article Tahilramani S, Karandikar GR, Krishnan RV, Sonawane M. Effect of Bi-jaw Premolar Extractions on Tooth Size Discrepancy in an Indian Population having Class I Malocclusion: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):114-117.

scholarly journals Penatalaksanaan perawatan maloklusi dentoskeletal kelas III disertai crowding ringan dan masalah tooth size discrepancy menggunakan reduksi interproksimalManagement of Class III dentoskeletal malocclusion treatment with mild crowding and tooth size discrepancy problems using interproximal reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Nyoman Ary Mayasari ◽  
Endah Mardiati
Keyword(s):  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
Straight Wire ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy

Pendahuluan: Pasien yang telah melewati masa tumbuh kembang dapat dirawat dengan perawatan ortodonti kamuflase atau bedah ortognati. Perawatan ortodonti kamuflase dengan hasil yang cukup baik dapat dilakukan jika diskrepansi skeletal tidak terlalu berat. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penatalaksanaan perawatan maloklusi skeletal kelas III dengan perawatan ortodonti kamuflase. Laporan kasus: Pasien perempuan, berusia 16 tahun 7 bulan, datang ke klinik PPDGS Ortodonti RSGM UNPAD dengan keluhan gigi depan tidak rapi dan gigi bawah terlihat lebih maju dibandingkan gigi rahang atas. Hasil diagnosis menunjukkan maloklusi dentoskeletal kelas III disertai asimetri wajah, palatum tinggi, pergeseran garis median rahang bawah, overjet terbalik, crossbite anterior, geligi berjejal, dan kurva Spee dalam. Pasien dirawat dengan straight wire appliance selama 1 tahun 8 bulan. Breket rahang atas dipasang terlebih dulu sampai overjet terkoreksi. Breket rahang bawah dipasang diikuti reduksi interproksimal. Pasien menggunakan elastik kelas III untuk koreksi relasi kaninus. Reduksi interproksimal menggunakan strip abrasif metal merupakan salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan ruangan pada kasus crowding ringan. Kombinasi reduksi interproksimal gigi anterior rahang bawah dan flaring gigi rahang atas, diikuti penggunaan elastik kelas III efektif mengoreksi overjet terbalik pada kasus maloklusi kelas III. Simpulan: Reduksi interproksimal dan elastik kelas III berhasil mengoreksi kasus maloklusi kelas III disertai crowding ringan dan masalah TSD.Kata kunci: Maloklusi, skeletal kelas III, crowding ringan, tooth size discrepancy (TSD), reduksi interproksimal. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Patient with dentoskeletal class III malocclusion, post-pubertal growth spurt, may be treated with orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery. Camouflage treatment with good prognosis can have acceptable results if there is an only mild skeletal discrepancy. This report was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of camouflage treatment in dentoskeletal class III patient. Case report: A female patient, 16 y.o 7 months, came to Orthodontics Clinic of Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital, complaining her anterior teeth looks crowded and her protrusive mandible. She was diagnosed with dentoskeletal class III malocclusion with asymmetrical face, high palate, midline shifting mandible, reverse overjet, crossbite anterior, crowding, and the deep curve of Spee. The patient was treated with straight wire appliance for one year and eight months. A lower bracket was bonded after anterior crossbite corrected, followed with interproximal reduction. Elastic class III was used to correct canine relationship. Interproximal reduction with metal abrasive is a common practice in orthodontic practice to gain spaces in mild crowding cases. Interproximal reduction in mandibular anterior teeth combined with anterior flaring of maxillary teeth, followed with elastic class III, effectively correct anterior crossbite in class III skeletal patient. Conclusion: Interproximal reduction and elastic class III effective to correct class III malocclusion with mild crowding and tooth size discrepancy problem.Keywords: Maloccusion, dentoskeletal class III, mild crowding, tooth size discrepancy (TSD), interproximal reduction.

scholarly journals Tooth Size Discrepancies among Different Malocclusions in a Japanese Orthodontic Population

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 994-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Endo ◽  
Ryota Abe ◽  
Hiroo Kuroki ◽  
Kenji Oka ◽  
Shohachi Shimooka
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
T Test ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Size Correction ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Objective: To identify the possible sex differences in anterior and overall tooth size ratios and to evaluate whether any differences exist in tooth size ratios and distributions of subjects with clinically significant tooth size discrepancies among Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion groups with the corresponding skeletal characteristics in a Japanese population. Materials and Methods: Each malocclusion group comprised 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females). The mesiodistal width from first molar to first molar was measured on each pretreatment cast to the nearest 0.01 mm using digital calipers, and the anterior and overall ratios were calculated. Student's t-test, Welch t-test, analysis of variance, and χ2-test were performed for statistical analysis. Results: No statistically significant sex differences were found in anterior or overall ratio in any group. No significant differences in anterior or overall ratios were found among the malocclusion groups. No significant differences were found between the distributions of subjects with clinically significant tooth size discrepancies, categorized by the Bolton standard deviation definition and by the actual amount of change calculated for tooth size correction in millimeters, among the malocclusion groups except for the mandibular correction for the overall ratio between Class I and Class III subjects. Conclusion: Bolton's values can be used with confidence for the typical Japanese orthodontic population. The use of the actual millimeters of correction for the tooth size ratios could help orthodontists avoid underestimating the prevalence of clinically significant tooth size discrepancies.

Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion classes: a comparative study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Alkofide ◽  
Hayder Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a difference exists in intermaxillary tooth size among different malocclusion groups in Saudi patients. The study consisted of 240 pretreatment orthodontic casts (Sixty cases in each malocclusion class, in addition to normal occlusion). The results of the study shows no significant difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies for the overall ratio and anterior ratio between the different malocclusion groups, except for the anterior ratio in class III malocclusion. Further, no statistical significant difference was observed between males and females. When the mean values of the present study were compared to that of Bolton's, a significant difference was found in all the malocclusion classes.We can conclude from this study that Bolton tooth size analysis is an important diagnostic tool, and should be taken into consideration before initiation of orthodontic treatment.

Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Population: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply?

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Reddy Regalla ◽  
Vummidisetti V Subbarao ◽  
V Santi ◽  
G Anita
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Background Orthodontists have several methods to detect inter arch-tooth size discrepancies in patients presenting for orthodontic treatment. Many methods such as Pont's analysis, Nance and Carey's analysis, Peck and Peck ratio, Bolton's analysis are commonly used methods. A thorough search of literature reveals a paucity of reliable data on the mesiodistal dimensions of the crowns of the permanent dentition of Indian population. Without information about the size of individual tooth and groups of teeth for Indian population, it is difficult for the clinician to make an adequate diagnosis and treatment plan and to carry out a plan of therapy. Aim To determine the size of individual permanent tooth and the sex differences, with tooth size ratios according to Bolton's formula and to evaluate the reliability of Bolton's norms (Anterior/Posterior) in Indian population. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty cases in which an excellent occlusion was naturally existent with the mean age of 22 years (18-27 years) were selected in the study. The casts were prepared after taking alginate impression of maxillary and mandibular arches and pouring them immediately with dental stone. A sliding Digital Vernier calliper used to measure the teeth. The ratios of the mean of mesiodistal dimensions of types of teeth were computed. Results The mean overall ratio for the Indian population is found to be 92.11 with a standard deviation of 2.12. The values ranged from 86.50-97.13 and the median is 92.16. The mean anterior ratio for the Indian population is found to be 78.14 with a standard deviation of 2.59. Conclusion Bolton's original data does not represent Indian population. In our study Greater size variability was found in maxillary teeth as compared with mandibular teeth except mandibular first molar. Our study indicated that populationspecific standards are necessary for clinical assessments. Significant differences were shown for the overall ratio and anterior ratio for both sexes as compared to Bolton's ratio. How to cite this article Subbarao VV, Regalla RR, Santi V, Anita G, Kattimani VS. Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Populations: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply? J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):103-107.

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