scholarly journals Determination of Bolton Norms for Indian Population Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
TV Pawan Kumar ◽  
Prasad Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Male Subjects

Introduction: Tooth size discrepancy varies between different ethnic groups and races. Bolton’s tooth size norms were originally determined in Caucasian population.Objective: To determine tooth size ratios for maxillary and mandibular dentition in Telangana population of Indian sample and to compare the ratios with standard Bolton norms.Materials & Method: The study sample comprised of 300 subjects (150 males and 150 females) aged between 14-25 years having Angle’s Class 1 molar relationship. Study models of all subjects were prepared and mesiodistal dimensions were measured to determine mean Bolton’s anterior ratio, overall ratio, over jet and overbite.Result: Evidence of sexual dimorphism was observed with Indian male subjects having greater mean values than the females. The determined mean for anterior tooth ratio was 80.88 ± 3.03%, overall tooth ratio 93.99 ± 3.11%, overjet 2.92 ± 0.62mm and overbite 2.96 ± 0.63mm. Statistically significant differences were found between Indian samples and Bolton Caucasian standards.Conclusion: The study provides evidence that tooth sizes are population specific. Mean values specific to particular population groups should be derived in order to make treatment planning more accurate and predictable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tooth Size and Dental Arch Ratio in Bengali Population Sample

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Dhyan Chand Murmu ◽  
Swati Saraswata Acharya ◽  
Anu Ranjan Das ◽  
Bides Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Lower Arch

Introduction: In order to maintain the proper relationship between upper and lower arch, Bolton proposed anterior ratio and overall ratio. Objective: To evaluate and compare the tooth size and arch size discrepancies between normal cases and Class I crowded cases of the Bengali population. To determine Bolton’s overall ratio and anterior ratio in the normal sample , and to identify the possible variation in tooth-arch size ratio in subjects in Bengali population. Materials & Method: A total of 60 maxillary and mandibular pretreatment dental study casts were taken and divided into control group and study group. The descriptive statistics in respect of Bolton’s anterior ratio and overall ratio were calculated. The t-test was done for the statistical difference between the two mean values. Result: Bolton’s ratios in Bengali population sample values were found to be similar to the original data of Caucasian population. Females showed a tendency of smaller teeth than the males. Conclusion: Bolton’s ratios could be consistent to use in the orthodontic diagnosis of Bengali population. It supports the concept that females showed smaller teeth than the males.  

scholarly journals Bolton’s Tooth Size Discrepancy in Malaysian Orthodontic Patients: Are Occlusal Characteristics Such as Overjet, Overbite, Midline, and Crowding Related to Tooth Size Discrepancy in Specific Malocclusions and Ethnicities?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priti Subhash Mulimani ◽  
Myra Innessa Binti Azmi ◽  
Nabilah Rashida Jamali ◽  
Nur Najaa Binti Md Basir ◽  
Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

Introduction Tooth size, occlusal traits, and ethnicity are closely interrelated, and their impact on desirable orthodontic treatment outcome cannot be underestimated. This study was undertaken to assess the occlusal characteristics and ethnic variations in occlusion of Malaysian orthodontic patients and evaluate their correlation with Bolton’s tooth size discrepancy. Materials and Methods On 112 pretreatment study models of orthodontic patients, molar relationship, overjet, overbite, spacing, crowding, midline shift, and Bolton’s ratios were assessed. ANOVA, one-sample t-test, Chi-squared test, and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant difference between anterior ratio of our study and Bolton’s ideal values was found, for the entire study sample and Chinese ethnic group. Differences between races and malocclusion groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Significant correlations were found as follows – in Angle’s Class I malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overbite, 2) overall ratio and maxillary crowding and spacing; in Angle’s Class II malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overjet and midline shift, 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding; in Angle’s Class III malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and mandibular crowding and both maxillary and mandibular spacing 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding. Conclusions Significant differences in anterior ratio and Bolton’s ideal values for the Malaysian population were found, indicating variations in anterior tooth size as compared to Caucasians. Statistically significant correlations existed between Bolton’s ratios and occlusal traits. These findings can be applied clinically in diagnosis and treatment planning by keeping in mind the specific discrepancies that can occur in certain malocclusions and addressing them accordingly.

scholarly journals Thresholds for Clinically Significant Tooth-Size Discrepancy

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Endo ◽  
Kenji Uchikura ◽  
Katsuyuki Ishida ◽  
Isao Shundo ◽  
Kosuke Sakaeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Large Groups

Abstract Objective: To determine an appropriate threshold for clinically significant tooth-size discrepancy using both a Bolton standard deviation (SD) definition and a millimetric definition. Materials and Methods: Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured in 250 pretreatment dental casts of patients with Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. The anterior and overall ratios and the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections were calculated. The casts were divided into small, normal, and large groups according to the anterior and overall ratios categorized by the Bolton SD definition, and into small, normal, and large groups according to the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections expressed in millimeters. Results: The small and large anterior ratio groups which fell under the category of the 2 SD threshold did not always need maxillary or mandibular corrections greater than 2 mm, while the small and large overall ratio groups always needed maxillary and mandibular corrections greater than 2 mm. The small and large maxillary correction groups in the 2 mm threshold category did not always have anterior or overall ratios greater than 2 SDs from the Bolton mean. However, the small and large mandibular correction groups always had anterior ratios greater than 2 SDs and did not always have overall ratios greater than 2 SDs. Conclusions: The tooth-size discrepancies could be better expressed in terms of both percentage and actual amount of millimeters required for correction. The ratios outside 2 SDs from the Bolton mean and the discrepancies requiring more than 2 mm of maxillary and/or mandibular corrections are recommendable as the appropriate thresholds for clinical significance.

scholarly journals Effect of Bi-jaw Premolar Extractions on Tooth Size Discrepancy in an Indian Population having Class I Malocclusion: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Manish Sonawane ◽  
Ravindranath V Krishnan ◽  
Girish R Karandikar ◽  
Samay Tahilramani
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Overall Ratio

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the effect of bi-jaw premolar extractions on Bolton tooth size discrepancy in patients of Indian origin, all of which exhibited a bilateral Angle’s class I molar relationship. Materials and methods Ninety sets of pretreatment study casts, which constituted the sample for the study, were divided into three groups, namely, Bolton small (BS), Bolton normal (BN), and Bolton big (BB). Simulated bi-jaw extraction of premolars was carried out in four different combinations for each set of study cast. The four values of Bolton’s overall ratio (BOR) thus obtained were compared with the original BOR value. Results The BOR value reduced when subjected to any of the four combinations of bi-jaw premolar extractions. Conclusion Premolar extraction in any combination inevitably changes the BOR value, which potentially affects the settling of occlusion toward the finishing stages of orthodontic treatment. Clinical significance The present study provides an insight into the choice of bi-jaw premolar extraction combination for each of the three groups in patients exhibiting class I malocclusion in the Indian population. How to cite this article Tahilramani S, Karandikar GR, Krishnan RV, Sonawane M. Effect of Bi-jaw Premolar Extractions on Tooth Size Discrepancy in an Indian Population having Class I Malocclusion: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):114-117.

scholarly journals Analysis of Interarch Tooth Size Relationship in Nepalese Subjects with Normal Occlusion and Malocclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dashrath Kafle ◽  
Rahul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

Introduction. A proportional relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth size is required for achieving good finish with proper overjet and overbite postorthodontic treatment. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in Nepalese population, to compare Bolton’s ratio between subjects with normal occlusion, Class I malocclusion, and Class II malocclusion, to compare these results with Bolton’s norm, and to determine the frequency of clinically significant (beyond 2 SD) tooth size discrepancy compared to Bolton’s norm. Materials and Methods. The study models of the subjects with normal occlusion and Angle’s Class I malocclusion and Class II malocclusion and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archives. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. The study sample of 120 study models consisted of the normal occlusion group (n = 31), Class I malocclusion group (n = 47), and Class II malocclusion group (n = 42). These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio in three groups of subjects. Bolton’s ratio of study groups was compared with each other and with Bolton’s original ratio. Results. The differences in tooth size ratio of the study groups were not significant statistically, when the groups were compared on the basis of malocclusion or gender. Statistically significant differences were exclusively observed between the study groups and Bolton’s original sample for the anterior ratio. The frequency of the clinically significant tooth size ratio discrepancy was lower for the overall ratio (9.1%) compared to the anterior ratio (22.5%). Conclusions. Bolton’s analysis on the Nepalese population sample shows that there was no significant difference observed on the anterior and overall tooth size ratios when these were compared based on Angle’s malocclusion classes or gender. The clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancy was more prevalent than that of the overall ratio.

Determination of tooth-size discrepancy and Bolton ratios using bibliocast Cécile3 digital models

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Adolfo Watanabe-Kanno ◽  
Jorge Abrão ◽  
Hiroshi Miasiro Junior ◽  
Alfonso Sánchez-Ayala ◽  
Manuel O. Lagravère
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Size ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Tooth Size Discrepancy between Male and Female Subjects Presenting with a Class I Malocclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Eva Man Yee Leung ◽  
Yanqi Yang ◽  
Balvinder Khambay ◽  
Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽  
Colman McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Subjects

Objectives. To evaluate the tooth size discrepancy and Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects with a Class I malocclusion. Materials and Methods. The digital e-models of 100 male and 100 female 12-year-old southern Chinese children with a Class I malocclusion were selected. The mesiodistal widths from permanent first molar to the contralateral side first molar of the upper and lower dentitions were measured. Differences between the tooth size discrepancy, together with the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects, were assessed using a two-sample t-test. A paired t-test was used to determine differences between antimetric pairs of teeth within the same arch. Results. Females had statistically significant smaller teeth than males (P < 0.05) except the upper left and lower left lateral incisor and lower left and right central incisors. The mean values of anterior Bolton’s ratios for males and females were 77.04 and 77.03, respectively (P > 0.05), while the mean values of overall Bolton’s ratios of male and female are 90.48 and 90.65, respectively (P < 0.05). The clinical significant differences (Cohen’s d > 0.2) for contralateral tooth size were shown on the maxillary canines, lateral incisors, and central incisors of males; and mandibular canines and lateral incisors of females. Conclusions. Southern Chinese females presenting with Class I malocclusions have smaller mesiodistal tooth dimensions compared to males. Both males and females presented several tooth size asymmetries. There are no statistical differences in anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between the genders.

Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion classes: a comparative study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Alkofide ◽  
Hayder Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a difference exists in intermaxillary tooth size among different malocclusion groups in Saudi patients. The study consisted of 240 pretreatment orthodontic casts (Sixty cases in each malocclusion class, in addition to normal occlusion). The results of the study shows no significant difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies for the overall ratio and anterior ratio between the different malocclusion groups, except for the anterior ratio in class III malocclusion. Further, no statistical significant difference was observed between males and females. When the mean values of the present study were compared to that of Bolton's, a significant difference was found in all the malocclusion classes.We can conclude from this study that Bolton tooth size analysis is an important diagnostic tool, and should be taken into consideration before initiation of orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Premolar Extraction on Tooth Size Discrepancies of the Patients Treated in Orthodontic Department at BSMMU

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Nabila Anwar ◽  
Gazi Shamim Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Overall Ratio

Aims: The present cross sectional study was carried out to investigate the effect of first premolar extraction on tooth size discrepancies (TSD) in an orthodontic population seeking treatment at orthodontic department, BSMMU.Material and methods: Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured on 50 pair of pretreatment and post treatment dental casts of subjects with Class I variation – Class I with bimaxillary proclination, and Class I crowding. The overall ratios and tooth-size discrepancies were determined before and after 1st premolar extractions. Before and after extractions, the subjects were divided into Bolton small (BS), Bolton normal (BN) and Bolton large (BL) overall ratio groups categorized by the Bolton standard deviation definition.Results: The Bolton overall ratio after 1st premolar extraction was smaller than those before extraction in each group. Some of the patients in the BN group and BB group were moved into the BS group and BN group respectively after 1st premolar extraction. A tooth size discrepancy occurred in some patients with normal overall ratios  after premolar extractions, but a tooth size discrepancy might be corrected in some patients with big overall ratios  after premolar extraction.Conclusion: Orthodontists should take into account the following when devising a treatment plan for premolar extractions, overall ratios might decrease and remain normal, and clinically significant tooth-size discrepancies could change mutually after extractions.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2015; Vol-5 (1-2), P.13-16

Bolton tooth size discrepancy among different malocclusion groups in two different ethnic groups of Nepalese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Umesh Parajuli ◽  
Alok Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Manish Bajracharya ◽  
Manju Pandey ◽  
Sapna Laxmi Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: The tooth size ratios may vary among different ethnic groups and different malocclusion groups. The objective of this study is to see the tooth size discrepancies in two major ethnic groups of Nepal; Indo-Aryans and Tibeto-Burmans and different malocclusion groups and compare it with the Bolton’s study. Materials and Method: The anterior and overall ratios were compared between Indo-Aryans and Tibeto-Burmans according to different malocclusion groups with Bolton’s study with one sample t-test. The differences in ratios in ethnic groups and gender were seen with one sample t-test. The differences in mesio-distal tooth width amongst the two ethnic groups were seen. One sample ANOVA was used to see any correlation between the ethnic groups and the different malocclusion groups. Result: The anterior ratio and overall ratio in Indo- Aryans and Tibeto-Burmans in all the malocclusion groups were greater than the Bolton’s study but was not statistically significant. There was significant differences in anterior ratio between Indo-Aryans (77.63 + 2.74%) and Tibeto-Burmans (78.51 + 2.76%), p value= 0.024. There were no statistical significant differences in the anterior and overall ratio amongst males and females. The mesio-distal tooth size was greater in Tibeto-Burmans as compared to Indo-Aryans expect for maxillary right and left central incisors. Conclusion: The Tibeto-Burmans had higher anterior ratio as compared to Indo-Aryans. The Tibeto-Burmans had broader teeth as compared to Indo-Aryans except for maxillary central incisors.

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