Improved Metabolic Flexibility Postbreakfast after Exercise Intervention in People with T2DM

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes physical contacts with mitochondria at specific sites, and the hubs between the two organelles are called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs are known to play key roles in biological processes, such as intracellular Ca2+ regulation, lipid trafficking, and metabolism, as well as cell death, etc. Studies demonstrated that dysregulation of MAMs significantly contributed to insulin resistance. Alterations of MAMs’ juxtaposition and integrity, impaired expressions of insulin signaling molecules, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, and compromised metabolic flexibility are all actively involved in the above processes. In addition, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus to ameliorate insulin resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms for exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance are not fully understood, MAMs may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.

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The Effect of Exercise and Distraction on Blood Pressure Recovery Following an Anger-Provoking Stressor in Normotensive Young Adults

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000133 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 45-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faye S. Routledge ◽

Judith A. McFetridge-Durdle ◽

Marilyn Macdonald ◽

Lynn Breau ◽

Tavis Campbell

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Exercise Group ◽

State Anger ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Anger Reactivity ◽

Quiet Sitting

Ruminating about a prior anger provoking event is found to elevate blood pressure (BP) and delay BP recovery. Delayed BP recovery may be associated with increased risk of hypertension. Interventions that improve BP recovery may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the influence of rumination and anger on BP reactivity and recovery, to compare the effect of an exercise intervention or distraction intervention on BP recovery and to explore if exercise improved BP recovery by distracting participants from stressor-related rumination and anger. Healthy, normotensive participants (n = 79, mean age 22.2 ± 4.0 years) underwent an anger-recall interview stressor task, 3 min of exercise (walking), distraction (reading) or no-intervention (quiet sitting) and a 15 min recovery period. State anger reactivity was associated with Δ diastolic (D) BP reactivity and approached significance with Δ systolic (S) BP reactivity. Trait rumination was associated with greater SBP during recovery. Δ SBP recovery did not differ between the exercise, distraction and no-intervention groups. Although there were no differences in Δ DBP recovery between the exercise and no-intervention groups, distraction improved Δ DBP recovery compared to the exercise intervention but not the no-intervention. The proportion of anger-related thoughts (state rumination) in the exercise group did not differ from the distraction or no-intervention groups. However, a smaller proportion of participants in the distraction intervention reported an anger-related thought during recovery compared to the no-intervention group with 76% of their thoughts relating to the provided distraction. Overall, post-stressor exercise was not found to improve BP recovery while reading was effective at distracting individuals from angry thoughts (state rumination) but had no effect on BP compared to no-intervention.

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