Effect of Bleaching Agents on the Nanohardness of Tooth Enamel, Composite Resin, and the Tooth-Restoration Interface

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
AT Abe ◽  
MN Youssef ◽  
ML Turbino
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Etch And Rinse

SUMMARY This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the nanohardness of tooth enamel, composite resin, dental adhesive, and enamel hybrid layer exposed to 35% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents and analyze the tooth-restoration interface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study used 40 crowns of bovine incisors, which were embedded in epoxy resin. A 2 × 2 × 2-mm cavity was prepared in the medial third of the flattened buccal surface of each tooth and restored (two-step etch-and-rinse Adper Single Bond 2 + nanocomposite resin Filtek Z350 XT). The specimens were polished and divided into four groups (n=10), corresponding to each bleaching agent used (TB: Total Blanc Office, pH=7.22–6.33; HPB: Whiteness HP Blue, pH=8.89–8.85; HP: Whiteness HP, pH=6.65–6.04; PO: Pola Office, pH=3.56–3.8), applied in accordance with manufacturer protocols. The nanohardness of the substrates was measured before and immediately after the bleaching procedure and after 7-day storage in artificial saliva with an Ultra-Microhardness Tester (DUH-211S, Shimadzu). Loads used were 100 mN for tooth enamel and composite resin and 10 mN for adhesive and enamel hybrid layer. For SEM analysis, epoxy replicas were prepared through high-precision impressions of the specimens. For nanohardness, the statistical tests two-way analysis of variance and Tukey (p<0.05) revealed that the agent with the lowest pH value (PO) was the only one to decrease the nanohardness of enamel and the enamel hybrid layer immediately after its application; however, after 7-day storage in artificial saliva, the nanohardness levels of these substrates returned to their original values. SEM analysis revealed small gaps between tooth enamel and adhesive after the exposure to all bleaching agents; however, the most evident gap in the tooth-restoration interface was observed immediately after application of agent PO. No bleaching agent used changed the nanohardness of the composite resin and adhesive layer.

scholarly journals Nd:YAG laser influence on the hybridization quality, employing total-etching or self-etching adhesives: sem analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Andressa Da Silva Kuwana ◽  
Ivan Balducci ◽  
Leily Macedo Firoozmand ◽  
Daphne Camara Barcellos ◽  
Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Cervical Portion ◽  
Total Etching

<p class="Traduc"><strong>Background:</strong> The application of Nd:YAG laser on dentin with the adhesive system non-polymerized can influenced the quality of hybrid layer formed. <strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to assess through analysis by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), the Nd:YAG laser influence on the hybridization quality, using conventional Adper Single Bond (SB) or self-etching Clearfil SE Bond-Kuraray (CSEB) adhesives.<strong> Methods: </strong>Nine bovine incisors were treated on their incisal with SB and with CSEB in their cervical portion. They were divided into 3 groups with 6 specimens in each and treated as follows; G1- adhesive system and polymerization; G2- adhesive system, laser (60mJ/pulse) and polymerization; G3- adhesive system, laser (140mJ/pulse) and polymerization. All samples were restored with composite resin (Filtek Z350-3M). The thickness, the presence of failures (gap/porosity) and tags/microtags in the hybrid layer were analyzed using the SEM. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests 5%. <strong>Results:</strong> The highest average of hybrid layer thickness (1.89±0.15) was observed for G3 and the smallest was observed for G1-CSEB (1.36±0.14). The multiple comparison of ratio test showed that the smallest prevalence of failures was for G3-CSEB and the best performance for the presence of tags/microtags was found for G2-SB.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Independent of the adhesive system used, the Nd:YAG laser, according to the parameter applied, had a positive influence on the hybridization quality.</p>

A Comprehensive Laboratory Screening of Three-Step Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Loguercio ◽  
I Luque-Martinez ◽  
MA Muñoz ◽  
AL Szesz ◽  
J Cuadros-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Bond Strengths

SUMMARY Objectives This study evaluated several bonding (microtensile bond strengths [μTBS], nanoleakage [NL], and in situ degree of conversion [ISDC] on dentin) and mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength [UTS], degree of conversion [DC], water sorption [WS], and solubility [SL] in water) of four three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives in the short term. Methods A total of 28 molars were used in this study. The dentin surfaces were bonded with the following adhesives: All-Bond 3 (ALB3); Fusion Duralink (FSDL); Optibond FL (OBFL), and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP). After each adhesive-system application, composite resin build-ups were added. For bonding tests, specimens were sectioned in order to obtain bonded sticks. The sticks were divided to be tested for μTBS (0.5 mm/min), for NL (n=2), and ISDC (n=2). For NL, they were immersed in 50% silver nitrate and analyzed by scanning election microscopy. For ISDC, the hybrid layer was evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. An hourglass-shaped matrix (UTS) or disk-shaped matrix (WS and SL) was filled with primer and adhesive (1:1 ratio) and light-polymerized. For UTS evaluation, the specimens were tested under tension. For WS and SL, specimens were desiccated and stored in distilled water to evaluate water diffusion kinetics over a 28-day period. The DC of the adhesives was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The data from each test were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Results OBFL resulted in the highest μTBS, lower NL, higher ISDC and DC, and higher UTS than other adhesives (p&lt;0.05), as well as lower WS (similar to ALB3 and FSDL) and SL (similar to ALB3 and SBMP) (p&gt;0.05). ALB3 showed a higher NL and the lowest DC value. FSDL showed the highest NL and SL and the lowest ISDC. SBMP showed the lowest pattern of WS (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion OBFL showed the best results in all the properties evaluated, and it can be considered the gold standard of the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems.

scholarly journals Influence of Time on Bond Strength After Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Martão Flório ◽  
Cinthia Maria Barbosa ◽  
Robson Tetsuo Sasaki ◽  
Robera Tarkany Basting
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

Abstract Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of time after treatment with a 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent on the shear bond strength between composite resin and sound enamel and dentin. Methods and Materials Eighty dental slabs - 40 enamel (E) slabs and 40 dentin (D) slabs - were embedded, flatted, and divided into four groups (n=10). In G1 the E and D slabs were kept in artificial saliva for 14 days. For the G2, G3, and G4 groups the E and D slabs were submitted to bleaching treatment with a 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent. At different times after bleaching treatments (G2=immediate; G3=seven days; G4= fourteen days), composite resin cylinders were made using an adhesive system. Tests were performed in a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min to obtain the values in MPa. Results For enamel, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn Method showed G1 differed significantly from G2 (G1=13.40 a; G2=6.64 b; G3=16.76 a; G4=11.64 ab). For dentin, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests showed that G1 differed significantly from G2 and G3 (G1=12.11 a; G2=4.97 b; G3=8.67 c; G4=11.86 ac). Conclusion It is recommended adhesive restorative procedures in enamel be delayed for seven days postbleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide, while restorations in dentin should be delayed for 14 days following bleaching treatment. Citation Barbosa CM, Sasaki RT, Flório FM, Basting RT. Influence of Time on Bond Strength After Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:081-088.

scholarly journals Bond Durability of Er:YAG Laser-Prepared Primary Tooth Enamel

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Borsatto ◽  
Mayara Garcia Martinelli ◽  
Marta Maria Martins Giamatei Contente ◽  
Talitha de Siqueira Mellara ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pecora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Etch And Rinse

This study evaluated in vitro the influence of thermocycling and water storage (WS) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin in cavities prepared in primary tooth enamel with conventional bur or Er:YAG laser. The test surfaces were obtained from 48 primary molars and randomly assigned to 2 groups (n=24), according to cavity preparation: A: bur-preparation and B: Er:YAG laser irradiation. The specimens were restored with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system and composite resin. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=6) according to WS duration and number of thermal cycles (TCs): I: 24 h WS/no thermocycling; II: 7 days WS/500 TCs; III: 1 month WS/2,000 TCs; IV: 6 months WS/12,000 TCs. The specimens were tested to failure in shear strength at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. SBS means (S.D.) in MPa were: AI: 17.45 (2.03), AII:16.38 (1.49), AIII: 6.88 (0.66), AIV: 7.77 (1.53), BI: 12.32 (0.99), BII: 15.37 (2.24), BIII: 15.05 (2.01) and BIV-5.51 (1.01). WS duration and number of TCs influenced significantly the SBS values only for BIV (p<0.05). AI presented the highest SBS value, which was statistically similar to those of AII, BII and BIII. In conclusion, the adhesion of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to Er:YAG laser-irradiated primary tooth enamel was affected by the methods used to simulate degradation of the adhesive interface only when 6 months WS/12,000 TCs were employed.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Solutions on Two Milled Esthetic Restorative Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Salah A. Yousief ◽  
Khames T. Alzahrani ◽  
Maha F. ALSharif ◽  
Asalah H. Alamri ◽  
Basmah A. Harthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Group I ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials

Introduction: Today, ceramic plays a vital role in restorative dentistry. Common uses include full-coverage crown, inlays, onlays, and ceramic bridges. The demands for esthetics in dental restoration continue, new technologies tend to improve the material properties and develop new methods for application. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different solutions on two milled esthetic restorative materials. Material and methods: In this study, a total of thirty blocks samples were machine milled by the aid of computer-aided design & computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. The samples were divided according to the material of construction into two main groups. Each group was composed of 15 samples as follows: Group I: constructed from milled composite resin blocks. Group II: constructed from milled feldspathic porcelain blocks. All sample groups were then immersed in 20ml of artificial saliva for 24 hours to be a baseline assessment. Results: Spectrophotometer measurements of all the groups and subgroups revealed statically significant higher mean ΔE values for ceramic groups than the composite resin groups. All changes in the colour were clinically acceptable except for ceramic samples immersed in acid media. Conclusion: By reducing the pH value, increasing the acidity of the immersion media that led to an increase in the surface roughness of the tested restorative materials (composite resin and ceramic).

scholarly journals Bonding Effectiveness of Universal Adhesive to Intracoronal Bleached Dentin Treated with Sodium Ascorbate

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Fantinato Trindade ◽  
Luana Kelle Batista Moura ◽  
Walter Raucci Neto ◽  
Danielle Cristine Furtado Messias ◽  
Vivian Colucci
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
One Step ◽  
Self Etch

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of restorative protocol with sodium ascorbate on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to intracoronal bleached dentin. One hundred-and-twenty bovine dentin fragments were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=10), according to the bleaching procedure (unbleached and bleached) and restorative protocol (no treatment, 10% sodium ascorbate -10SA, 35% sodium ascorbate -35SA and two-step etch-and-rinse -ER or one-step self-etch -SE Scotchbond universal adhesive approaches). Four whitening sessions were performed using 35% hydrogen peroxide. The samples from control groups were kept in relative humidity at 37 °C. Immediately after bleaching procedures, the assigned antioxidant solution was applied on dentin and restorative procedures were performed following either the ER or the SE approach. After 24 h, the specimens were subjected to SBS test. Data (MPa) were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (?=0.05). Lower SBS values were found for bleached specimens (8.54 MPa) compared with those unbleached (12.13 MPa) (p<0.05). The bond strength of the sodium ascorbate-treated groups was higher than those untreated, regardless of the strategy employed (p<0.05). Groups restored without sodium ascorbate showed lower bond strength values for both ER (8.32 MPa) and SE (8.28 MPa) adhesive strategies. The group treated with 10SA submitted to ER approach (10.14 MPa) was similar to untreated groups (p>0.05). It may be concluded that bond strength of composite resin to intracoronal dentin was affected by restorative protocol and reduced by bleaching.

scholarly journals Effect of 15% Carbamide Peroxide on the Surface Roughness and Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Microhybrid Composite Resin and Giomer

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
Sahand Rikhtegaran ◽  
Mahdi Rahbar ◽  
Narmin Mohammadi ◽  
Shadieh Mowlaie ◽  
Siavash Savadi-Oskoee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Solid Culture Medium ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT Introduction Adhesion of bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), to the surface of tooth restorations is a factor in the etiology of secondary caries. Given the ever-increasing popularity of bleaching procedures, the aim of the present study was to evaluate adhesion of S. mutans and surface roughness (SR) of microhybrid composite resin and giomer subsequent to the application of 15% carbamide peroxide. Materials and methods Twenty disk-shaped samples were prepared from each material, measuring 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Then, the samples of each material were divided into two groups (n = 10): (a) microhybrid without bleaching; (b) microhybrid with bleaching; and (c) giomer without bleaching; and (d) giomer with bleaching. The samples in groups I and III were immersed in artificial saliva for 14 days without any bleaching procedure; the samples in groups II and IV underwent a bleaching procedure on their polished surfaces with 15% carbamide peroxide for 14 days (4 hours of bleaching and 20 hours of immersion in artificial saliva). The SR of all the samples was determined with the use of a profilometer. The samples were added to the culture medium after 4 hours of placement in a microbial suspension at 37°C; after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C, the bacterial counts, indicating the number of bacteria adhering to the surface, were determined by counting them in the plates containing the solid culture medium. Results The type of the restorative material had a significant effect on SR, with greater SR in giomer (p = 0.03). However, bleaching had no significant effect on SR (p = 0.099). In relation to the rate of bacterial adhesion (BA), both the types of the restorative materials and bleaching procedures were significantly effective; in this context, there was more BA in microhybrid composite resin samples that did not undergo bleaching (p < 0.001). Bleaching resulted in the adhesion of S. mutans to the surface of both materials decrease. Pearson's correlation coefficient did not reveal any correlation between BA and SR (p = 0.42). Conclusion The BA was higher in microhybrid composite resin, and SR was higher in giomer. The BA was higher in samples that did not undergo a bleaching procedure. Clinical significance There is no change in the SR of microhybrid composite resin and giomer after application of 15% carbamide peroxide; therefore, it is not necessary to polish or replace these restorative materials after bleaching. In addition, use of 15% carbamide peroxide does not increase caries risk. How to cite this article Mohammadi N, Mowlaie S, Savadi- Oskoee S, Ebrahimi ME, Rikhtegaran S, Rahbar M, Pirzadeh T. Effect of 15% Carbamide Peroxide on the Surface Roughness and Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Microhybrid Composite Resin and Giomer. World J Dent 2017;8(4):288-295.

Comparative Evaluation of Erosive Potential of Different Pediatric Liquid Medications on Primary Tooth Enamel and Tooth Coloured Restorative Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Dr. Sara Elizabeth Paul ◽  
Dr. Divya Reddy ◽  
Dr. Santhosh T Paul ◽  
Dr. Shuhaib A Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the erosive potential of pediatric liquid analgesics and their effect on primary enamel, glass ionomer and composite resin restorations. Methods: Selected medications were analysed in triplicates with regard to pH and titratable acidity. Eighteen specimens each of glass ionomer, composite resin and primary enamel were prepared and stored in 100% relative humidity at 37ºC for 7 days. After baseline surface roughness analysis using 3D optical profilometer, specimens were randomly distributed according to immersion media into three groups (n=6) as follows: Group 1- Calpol® ( Paracetamol), Group 2–Ibugesic® (Ibuprofen) and Group 3 –Artificial saliva (control). The specimens were subjected to immersion cycles for 5 days following which surface roughness was measured. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Results: Ibugesic ® showed the lowest titratable acidity and mean pH when compared to Calpol®. The glass ionomer cement exhibited highest surface roughness followed by primary enamel and composite resin both at baseline and after immersion. The highest mean surface roughness change for glass ionomer cement was observed when exposed to Ibugesic® (0.04 ± 0.13) when compared to Calpol® (0.006 ± 0.01) and artificial saliva (0.035 ± 0.05). Conclusions: Although minimal, the restorative materials and primary enamel subjected to acidic medicines showed surface roughness changes and among the pediatric liquid analgesics tested, Ibugesic® was observed to be highly erosive with lower pH and high titratable acidity

scholarly journals Comparison of enamel hardness after dental bleaching agent application strawberry gel and carbamide peroxide 10%

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Asmawati Asmawati ◽  
Irene E. Rieuwpassa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Carbamide peroxide 10% is commonly used in home bleaching procedure. Effectiveness of carbamide peroxide bleaching process as a home bleaching has no successor yet, but its use is still being debated due to the effects on oral cavity. Strawberries are one of natural ingredients that currently used to whiten decolorized teeth because it contains ellagic acid and malic acid. On contrary, malic acid is said to be involved in the process of erosion. The aim of this study was to compare tooth enamel hardness after application of dental bleaching agent carbamide peroxide 10% and strawberry gel.Material and Methods: Sample consists of 30 maxillary incisors were divided into 3 groups. The first group as control soaked in aquades. The second treatment group were applied with carbamide peroxide 10%  and a third group applied with strawberry gel. Before and after the sample application, tests were performed to determine the hardness of tooth enamel as measured using Universal Hardness Tester.Results: Based on Friedman test, p-value = 0,000 (p <0,05; significant). This means that there was a significant difference in tooth enamel surface hardness of each group and treatment group using bleaching carbamide peroxide 10% and strawberry gel.Conclusion: There was a decrease on tooth enamel hardness after application of carbamide peroxide 10%  compared strawberry gel.

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