scholarly journals Comparison of enamel hardness after dental bleaching agent application strawberry gel and carbamide peroxide 10%

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Asmawati Asmawati ◽  
Irene E. Rieuwpassa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Carbamide peroxide 10% is commonly used in home bleaching procedure. Effectiveness of carbamide peroxide bleaching process as a home bleaching has no successor yet, but its use is still being debated due to the effects on oral cavity. Strawberries are one of natural ingredients that currently used to whiten decolorized teeth because it contains ellagic acid and malic acid. On contrary, malic acid is said to be involved in the process of erosion. The aim of this study was to compare tooth enamel hardness after application of dental bleaching agent carbamide peroxide 10% and strawberry gel.Material and Methods: Sample consists of 30 maxillary incisors were divided into 3 groups. The first group as control soaked in aquades. The second treatment group were applied with carbamide peroxide 10%  and a third group applied with strawberry gel. Before and after the sample application, tests were performed to determine the hardness of tooth enamel as measured using Universal Hardness Tester.Results: Based on Friedman test, p-value = 0,000 (p <0,05; significant). This means that there was a significant difference in tooth enamel surface hardness of each group and treatment group using bleaching carbamide peroxide 10% and strawberry gel.Conclusion: There was a decrease on tooth enamel hardness after application of carbamide peroxide 10%  compared strawberry gel.

scholarly journals How a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Home Bleaching Agent Affects the Surface Properties of Chairside CAD/CAM Materials?

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-353
Author(s):  
Tugba Serin-Kalay ◽  
Beyza Zaim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cad Cam

Surface changes of restorative materials after bleaching have clinical importance in terms of the durability and survival of restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of home bleaching on the surface roughness, microhardness, and surface analysis of four different types of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. Specimens were prepared from composite resin (Brilliant Crios: BC), resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate: LU), polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (Vita Enamic: VE), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic (Vita Suprinity: VS) CAD/CAM materials. Specimens were polished using 800, 1000, 1200, and 2000 grit SiC papers. Each restorative material was randomly divided into two groups; control and bleaching (n=10). The 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent (Whiteness Perfect 16%, FGM) was applied to the specimens for 4 h/day for 14 days. Surface roughness values (Ra) were obtained using a profilometer, and microhardness values (VHN) were obtained using a Vickers microhardness test. Surface analysis of specimens was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Data were analyzed Two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (p<0.05). After bleaching, the surface roughness of BC (p<0.001) and VE (p<0.032) significantly increased. Bleaching did not significantly affect the microhardness of CAD/CAM materials. SEM evaluation showed material-dependent surface damages after bleaching procedures. The effect of 16% carbamide peroxide home bleaching agent on surface roughness and microhardness of chairside CAD/CAM materials is material-dependent. Before bleaching, restorative materials should be protected by applying a protective barrier and contact with the bleaching agent should be minimized. Also, after bleaching, the restoration surface should be carefully inspected, and re-polishing might be beneficial.

scholarly journals The differences of tooth density changes in the applications of 45% carbamide peroxide PF and 38% hydrogen peroxide PF as dental bleaching agents and after the application of 1.2% acidulated phosphoric fluoride

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devriza Jurnalis ◽  
Setiawan Natasasmita ◽  
Endang Sukartini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Potassium Fluoride ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Significant Difference

The changes of tooth density is caused by the dissolutions of mineral enamel (demineralization) by bleaching agent. The purpose of this research was intended to know tooth density changes after the application of bleaching agent using 45% carbamide peroxide potassium fluoride (PF) and 38% hydrogen peroxide potassium fluoride (PF) and after the application of 1.2% acidulated phosphoric fluoride (APF).This research was true experimental in-vitro. Sample taking was by random sampling. The sample consisted of 32 maxillary central incisive permanent teeth. The tooth density was measured using RVG (Radiovisiography). The research results were analyzed and tested in a pair and in a pair of two sample for means using t student method. The conclusion of the research was a decrease of tooth density after the application of bleaching agent with 45% carbamide peroxide PF and 38% hydrogen peroxide PF with statistically significant. After the application of 1.2% APF the density increased significantly but the density was lower than original density. There was no significant difference between bleached with 45% carbamide peroxide potassium fluoride and 38% hydrogen peroxide potassium fluoride.

The Effect of a 10% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Agent on the Microhardness of Four Types of Direct Resin-based Restorative Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
MQ AlQahtani
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials

SUMMARY Purpose This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on the microhardness of four types of direct resin-based restorative materials. Materials and Methods Thirty disk-shaped specimens (10.0 mm diameter × 2.0 mm depth) of each material, including a microhybrid resin composite (Z250), a nanofilled resin composite (Z350), a silorane-based low-shrink resin composite (P90), and a hybrid resin composite (Valux Plus), were fabricated and then polished with medium, fine, and superfine polishing discs. After being polished, specimens were cleaned with distilled water for 2 min in an ultrasonic bath to remove any surface debris and then stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Specimens from each material were divided into three groups (n=10). One group was selected as a control group (nontreated with bleaching agent). The other two groups were treated with bleaching agent for 14 days (group A) and for 14 days followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 14 days (group B). The top surfaces of the specimens in the different groups were also subjected to the Vickers hardness test with a load of 300 g and 15-second dwell time. Data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Results There was a general reduction of Vickers hardness numbers (VHN) values of treated groups compared with the control group for each material used, but this reduction was minimal, with no significant difference between groups in Z250, whereas the other three materials (Z350, P90, and Valux Plus) showed a significant reduction of VHN of treated groups compared with the control group. Conversely, the findings showed no significant difference between treated groups A and B in all materials used except P90. Conclusion A 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent had an adverse effect on the microhardness of nanofilled, silorane-based low-shrink, and hybrid types of resin-based composite materials compared with the microhybrid type.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness Differences Between Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract 100% and Carbamide Peroxide Gel 10% in Tooth Whitening (ex vivo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Any Setyawati ◽  
Syifa Nabila Farah Fauziah Nur
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Discoloration can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. One of the discoloration treatments is teeth whitening. Teeth whitening process usually uses chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide which can cause side effects, namely gingival irritation. Previous research has found that malic acid in strawberries can whiten teeth. Watermelons contain greater malic acid than strawberries. Objective: To analyze the  effectiveness of 100% watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) extract on teeth whitening. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental study with a total of 15 anterior post-extraction teeth which were discolored using black tea, divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was immersed in 100% watermelon extract, group 2 was immersed in 10% carbamide peroxide as positive control and group 3 was immersed in sterile aquades as negative control, for 56 hours, measured using a shade guide and spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one way Anova. Results: The 100% watermelon extract was effective for teeth whitening. There was a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract compared to negative control (p < 0.05). However, there was also a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract, and 10% carbamide peroxide gel (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The watermelon extract has the ability as teeth whitening agent. However, further study is still needed to explore this result and determine the proper concentration for teeth whitening.

scholarly journals Effects of 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching on the Surface Properties of Glazed Glassy Matrix Ceramics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Necla Demir ◽  
Muhammet Karci ◽  
Mutlu Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Restorations ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective. To determine the influence of the home bleaching agent, Opalescence PF, on the surface roughness and microhardness of glazed glassy matrix CAD-CAM ceramics. Materials and Methods. The 28 sintered leucite- and lithium disilicate-reinforced ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD) were divided into control and bleached groups. The home bleaching agent was applied to specimens of bleached groups for 7 days. The surface roughness and microhardness of all specimens were measured. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface properties. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results. The control e.max CAD showed the lowest surface roughness values. For both Empress and e.max CAD, surface roughness was significantly higher for the bleached group (p<0.05). No significant differences in microhardness were observed. Conclusions. According to our study, patients should be careful when using home bleaching agents because whitening agents can affect the mechanical properties of full ceramic restorations like e.max CAD and Empress CAD. Ceramic polishing may be required in clinical situations where ceramic restorations are accidentally exposed to bleaching gels.

Effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on the surface roughness and gloss of a pressable ceramic

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Tarosso Rea ◽  
Ana Carolina Cabral Roque ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
Rossana Pereira Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching

scholarly journals Enamel Surface Changes After Exposure to Bleaching Gels Containing Carbamide Peroxide or Hydrogen Peroxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. E39-E47 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cvikl ◽  
A Lussi ◽  
A Moritz ◽  
S Flury
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY Objective This study evaluated the differences in enamel color change, surface hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness between treatments with four bleaching gels containing carbamide peroxide (two at 10% and one each at 35%, and 45%) and two bleaching gels containing hydrogen peroxide (two at 40%). Methods Enamel specimens were bleached and color changes were measured. Color change was calculated using either ΔE or the Bleaching Index (BI). Then, surface hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness of the enamel specimens were evaluated. All measurements were performed at baseline and directly after the first bleaching treatment for all carbamide peroxide– and hydrogen peroxide–containing bleaching gels. In addition, final measurements were made 24 hours after each of a total of 10 bleaching treatments for carbamide peroxide bleaching gels, and 1 week after each of a total of three bleaching treatments for hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels. Results After the last bleaching treatment, respective ΔE scores were 17.6 and 8.2 for the two 10% carbamide peroxide gels, 12.9 and 5.6 for the 45% and 35% carbamide peroxide gels, and 9.6 and 13.9 for the two 40% hydrogen peroxide gels. The respective BI scores were −2.0 and −2.0 for the two 10% carbamide peroxide gels, −3.5 and −1.5 for the 45% and 35% carbamide peroxide gels, and −2.0 and −3.0 for the two 40% hydrogen peroxide gels. Each bleaching gel treatment resulted in significant whitening; however, no significant difference was found among the gels after the last bleaching. Whitening occurred within the first bleaching treatments and did not increase significantly during the remaining treatments. Surface hardness significantly decreased after the last bleaching treatment, when 10% carbamide peroxide was used. Furthermore, significant changes in the elastic modulus or surface roughness occurred only after treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide. Conclusion All six bleaching gels effectively bleached the enamel specimens independent of their concentration of peroxide. Gels with low peroxide concentration and longer contact time negatively affected the enamel surface.

scholarly journals The effect of theobromine and NaF 2% exposure to enamel surface hardness after immersing in orange juice beverage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Tamara Yuanita ◽  
Setyabudi Setyabudi ◽  
Qintan Sekar Adjani
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peel Extract

Background: Consumption of orange juice which had acidic quality will cause a demineralization on enamel. The most effective way to prevent the demineralization process was by involving remineralization agents. Fluoride was effective to improve remineralization but has toxicity effect and caused fluorosis at certain dose. Another alternative for remineralization agent without providing side effects is theobromine contained in cocoa peel extract (Theobroma cacao). Objective: To explain the effect of theobromine and NaF 2% exposure on enamel surface hardness after immersion in commercial orange juice. Method: Twenty-seven cattle incisors were cut into a square shape 1x1 cm and then planted in a round resin mold then divided into three groups. All three groups were immersed in orange juice beverage for 60 minutes. The control group was immersed in distilled water, group I was given theobromine 200 mg / L, and group II was given 2% NaF after exposure for 96 minutes. Surface hardness measurements were carried out using the Wolpert Micro Vickers Testers tool. Results: There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between surface hardness of tooth enamel from the control group and theobromine group and there was also a significant difference between the control group and the NaF group. However, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the NaF group with theobromine group. Conclusion: The effect of exposure to theobromine and NaF 2% on surface enamel hardness after immersion in orange juice beverage has the same result.

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