Clinical Evaluation of Different Delivery Methods of At-Home Bleaching Gels Composed of 10% Hydrogen Peroxide

SUMMARY Objectives: This study aimed to compare the tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, and bleaching efficacy of at-home whitening performed with 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) using a conventional tray-delivered system or two different bleaching systems (strips or prefilled disposable trays). Methods and Materials: Sixty patients, with maxillary incisors darker than A2 were selected for this single-blind, parallel randomized clinical trial. Teeth were bleached during 14 days with a 30-minute gel contact with teeth per day. The 10% HP was delivered in a bleaching tray (White Class, FGM) in strips (White Strips, Oral-B) or prefilled disposable trays (Opalescence Go, Ultradent). The color changes were evaluated by subjective (Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective (Easyshade Spectrophotometer) methods at baseline and 30 days after the second bleaching session. Tooth sensitivity was recorded during 14 days with a five-point numeric rating scale (NRS) and 0-10 visual analog scale (VAS). The risk of gingival irritation was also recorded during 14 days on a dichotomous scale. All data were submitted to appropriate statistical analysis (α=0.05). Results: No significant difference was observed in the risks of tooth sensitivity among groups (p>0.09). However, the conventional bleaching tray produced a higher intensity of tooth sensitivity when compared with the strips and prefilled disposable tray systems (p<0.04). Regarding gingival irritation, the prefilled disposable tray system showed a lower risk of gingival irritation when compared with the conventional bleaching tray (p=0.003). Significant whitening was observed in all groups after 30 days of clinical evaluation with no significant difference between them (p>0.06). Conclusions: All 10% HP bleaching systems showed similar whitening after a 14-day use. However, the strips and prefilled disposable trays produced lower intensity of tooth sensitivity than the conventional bleaching tray system. The prefilled disposable tray produced lower risk of gingival irritation when compared to the conventional bleaching tray.

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Clinical evaluation of domestic dental whitening strategies

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e35610514948

Author(s):

João Victor Batista Soares Silva ◽

Vitória Alves de Melo ◽

Marlon Ferreira Dias ◽

Paulo Cardoso Lins-Filho ◽

Fábio Barbosa de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Tooth Bleaching ◽

Control Group ◽

Night Time ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Home Based ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Degree Of Satisfaction ◽

Gingival Irritation

Tooth bleaching has become the first clinical option in reversing chromatic changes. This study evaluated the efficiency of four different approaches for home-based chemically induced tooth whitening. 32 patients were randomly distributed into four groups (n=8), according to the bleaching technique performed: G1: control group – at-home dental bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect/FGM) delivered in a customized tray, G2: teeth whitening pen containing hydrogen peroxide (Walgreens), G3: night-time whitening gel (CVS) containing hydrogen peroxide and G4: whitening strips (3D White Oral B) containing 10% hydrogen peroxide. Chromatic changes (ΔE) were collected at baseline and at the middle and end of the treatment, using a digital spectrophotometer (EasyShade – Vita). Tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, and degree of satisfaction were also recorded. The comparison between the average ΔE means, considering the final and initial values, revealed a statistically significant difference between the results obtained by G1 (ΔE2=11.65) and the other groups (ΔE2 of G2=4.38, G3=4.83 and G4 = 8.32). No significant difference was observed in the occurrence of tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. The patients from G1 and G4 were more satisfied with the treatment outcome.

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Evaluation of At-home Bleaching Times on Effectiveness and Sensitivity with 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: A Randomized Controlled Double-blind Clinical Trial

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/20-104-c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

K Chemin ◽

M Rezende ◽

MC Costa ◽

ADY Salgado ◽

JL de Geus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Double Blind ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Once Daily ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Mann Whitney Test ◽

At Home

SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was to evaluate different protocols for at-home use of 10% hydrogen peroxide in whitening effectiveness and tooth sensitivity. Methods: Seventy-two patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the upper central incisors having color A2 or darker according to the Vita Classical scale (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and randomized into two groups: 10% hydrogen peroxide applied once daily for 15 minutes (HP 15) or applied once daily for 30 minutes (HP 30). Bleaching was performed for 14 days in both groups. The color was evaluated before bleaching, during bleaching (1st and 2nd weeks), and 1 month after the bleaching treatment using the Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER, and Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik). Dental sensitivity was recorded by the patients using the numerical rating scale (0–4) and visual analogue scale (0-10 cm). Color data were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures (group vs. treatment time). The Mann-Whitney test was performed to contrast the means (α=0.05). Tooth sensitivity was assessed by Fisher’s exact test (p=1.00) and intensity of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05) for both scales. Results: A significant whitening effect was observed after 2 weeks of bleaching for all color measurements (p=0.01), with no difference between HP 15 and HP 30 (p>0.05). Also, the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity were similar (47%; p>0.05). Conclusions: The effectiveness and tooth sensitivity of at-home bleaching carried out with 10% hydrogen peroxide applied for 15 minutes or 30 minutes are similar.

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Clinical effect of 3.0% hydrogen peroxide containing bleaching patch with primer in a double-blind randomized controlled trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97388/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Kyoung Kim ◽

Ha-Young Youn ◽

Myoung-Uk Jin ◽

Jae-Hyun Ahn ◽

Seung-Eun Bang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Bleaching Effect ◽

Double Blind ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Once Daily ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gingival Irritation

Abstract Background: To clinically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a primer that contains taurine and self-bleaching patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide.Methods: Overall, 55 participants were selected in this double-blinded randomized clinical trial between March and May 2019. Bleaching patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide were attached using the primer on the labial surface of the upper six anterior teeth for 30 min once daily. △E* values of color changes were measured using Shade Eye NCC for determining the efficacy of bleaching on days 3, 5, 7, and 10 before and after attachment. The safety was assessed using gingival index and visual analog scale for tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation, respectively.Results: △E* values were visibly detected from day 7 after the attachment of patches, and the bleaching effect was identifiable. No statistically significant difference was observed in the gingival index (p = 0.069), tooth sensitivity (p = 0.983), and gingival irritation (p = 0.518).Conclusions: When the self-bleaching patches using 3.0% hydrogen peroxide with the primers were attached for 30 min once daily, visible bleaching effect was observed from day 7 of attachment, and it was verified to be safe for use without any significant adverse effect.Clinical Relevance: This study was conducted after securing safety for clinical trials.Trial registration: ISRCTN63650330

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Clinical Evaluation of 10% Hydrogen Peroxide on Tooth Sensitivity and Effectiveness in at Home Dental Bleaching

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2435 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 1376-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kaprice Chemin ◽

Márcia Rezende ◽

Fábio M Milan ◽

Thereza B Dantas ◽

Kátia do N Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Dental Bleaching ◽

At Home

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Effectiveness of and Dental Sensitivity to At-home Bleaching With 4% and 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: A Randomized, Triple-blind Clinical Trial

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/16-260-c ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 232-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K Chemin ◽

M Rezende ◽

AD Loguercio ◽

A Reis ◽

S Kossatz

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Color Change ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Mann Whitney Test ◽

The Absolute ◽

Shade Guide ◽

At Home

SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate the risk for and intensity of tooth sensitivity and color change of at-home dental bleaching with 4% and 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Methods: For this study, 78 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into two groups: HP 4 (White Class 4%, FGM) and HP 10 (White Class 10%, FGM). In both groups, the at-home bleaching was performed for a period of 30 minutes twice a day for two weeks. The color was assessed by Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER and spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade (Vita Zahnfabrik) at baseline, during bleaching (first and second weeks) and after bleaching (one month). Patients recorded their tooth sensitivity using a numeric rating scale (0-4) and visual analog scale (0-10). Data from color change (DeltaE data) was submitted to two-way analysis of variance. The color change data in Delta SGU from the two shade guide units were compared with the Mann Whitney test. The risk of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by χ2 test and the intensity of tooth sensitivity from both scales was evaluated by a Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). Results: The absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity was higher in the group that used HP 10 than the one that used HP 4. Data from change in the number of shade guide units and color variation after one month of bleaching for both groups showed significant whitening, with no difference between groups. Conclusions: At-home bleaching is effective with 4% and 10% HP concentrations, but 10% HP increased the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity during at-home bleaching.

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Oral paracetamol versus zolmitriptan to treat acute migraine attack in the emergency department

10.22514/sv.2021.040 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Rescue Therapy ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Acute Migraine ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Treatment provided in an emergency department is aimed at alleviating pain immediately with minimized adverse effects as well as warding off further migraine attacks. The primary aim of this article is to compare the effectiveness of oral paracetamol versus zolmitriptan in treating acute migraine attacks. Methods: This prospective, randomized, and controlled study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital visited by 95,000 patients annually. The study recruited 200 participants who were randomized into two groups. One group received 1000 mg paracetamol while the other group received 2.5 mg zolmitriptan orally. Baseline pain scores were recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at 15, 30 and at 60 min following administration of the study drugs. Patients requiring further treatment were provided fentanyl at a dosage of 1 µg/kg as a rescue therapy. Results: A significant decrease was evident in VAS and NRS scores following the administration of the study drugs in both groups (P < 0.001). The change in VAS pain scores after 15, 30 and 60 min was calculated as 17.0 ± 13.9, 41.2 ± 16.3 and 61.2 ± 17.5 mm, respectively, in the paracetamol group and 14.2 ± 11.7, 39.2 ± 17.9 and 59.2± 19.3 mm, respectively, in the zolmitriptan group, which did not indicate significant differences (P = 0.103, P = 0.425, P = 0.483, respectively). Likewise, NRS pain scores showed a downward trend in line with VAS pain scores and did not yield a significant difference (P = 0.422). No significant difference concerning rescue therapy was noted between the two groups (P = 0.596). Conclusion: Oral paracetamol and zolmitriptan prove to be similarly effective and have low incidence of acute side effects in treating acute migraine cases without aura.

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Combination of at-home and in-office bleaching techniques: case series

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720200003620190149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

Author(s):

Marcela Alvarez FERRETTI ◽

Matheus KURY ◽

Beatriz Curvello de MENDONÇA ◽

Marcelo GIANNINI ◽

Vanessa CAVALLI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Case Series ◽

Tooth Bleaching ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Carbamide Peroxide ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Shade Guide ◽

At Home

ABSTRACT Tooth bleaching is one of the most conservative aesthetic techniques. At-home and in-office bleaching may be performed, as well as the combination of both techniques. As this combination may be done in different manners, distinct orders of combinations were proposed in this report. A 24 years-old man, whose upper central incisor and canine shades were A2 and A3 respectively, was initially treated by chair-side with 40-min application of 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for two sessions. Afterwards, an two-week overnight at-home bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). The shade of upper central incisors changed to 1M1 and canine was B1. Conversely, a 30 years-old woman was firstly conducted with at-home bleaching (overnight 4-weeks 10% CP) and, subsequently, with a single appointment of in-office bleaching for 45 minutes (35% HP). The shade of her upper central incisor changed from A1 to 0.5M1 and the upper canine from A3 to B1. The VITA classical (A1-D4) shade guide and VITA Bleached guide 3D-MASTER were used to determine the tooth color during the treatments. In both bleaching treatments, patients reported no significant tooth sensitivity and the final outcomes met their expectation.

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A comparison of pain registration by Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale – a cross-sectional study of primary triage registration

10.1101/2020.11.03.20225367 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jofrid Kollltveit ◽

Malin Osaland ◽

Marianne Reimers ◽

Magnus Berle

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Emergency Admission ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

University Hospital ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Numeric Rating

BackgroundPain is a subjective sensation; self-reporting is important for quantifying pain intensity. There are several different validated tools for this, such as Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale. In the clinic, these terms are often used as equivalent. The objective of this study was to examine correlation and agreement between the pain registration tools in triage in an emergency department.Materials and MethodsThe study was performed in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Haukeland University Hospital in the period June-August 2019. We registered the pain score with two tools in 200 unselected patients in emergency admission with pain. In addition, we registrered gender, age, triage and general department affiliation.ResultsWe found a strong correlation between the pain registration tools by Spearmans correlation test (rho=0,930, p<0,001). There were no significant difference between the pain registration tools within the subgroups. Bland-Altman analysis show agreement between the two pain registration tools.ConclusionsIn an Emergency Department triage is it acceptable to use Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale as equivalent, as long as the correct terminology is used.

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Service innovations

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.27.4.148 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 148-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rahul Tomar ◽

Neil Brimblecombe ◽

Geraldine O'Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Diagnostic Category ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

Community Services ◽

Home Treatment ◽

First Episode ◽

Crisis Resolution ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

At Home

Aims and MethodDemographic and clinical details were recorded for individuals with first-episode psychosis, potentially requiring hospital admission, who were assessed by two home treatment/crisis resolution teams over an 18-month period. The aims were to identify the proportion of such individuals that can be treated at home, factors associated with successful home treatment and reasons for hospitalisation when this took place.ResultsSuccessful home management was achieved in 20 (54%) of cases. No significant difference was found in any demographic variable, diagnostic category and initial Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) ratings between those who were hospitalised and those who were not. The most common reason recorded for admission was that of risk to self.Clinical ImplicationsMany patients with first-episode psychosis otherwise requiring hospitalisation can be managed successfully at home by an intensive home-treatment team. These findings have significant implications for both in-patient and community services, in view of the planned increases in home treatment/crisis resolution services proposed in the NHS Plan.

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The Outcome of Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment According to Electodiagnosis in Patients with Intractable Lumbosacral Radicular Pain

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnz028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1697-1701

Author(s):

Chan Hong Park ◽

Sang Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ◽

Radicular Pain ◽

Spinal Nerve ◽

Pulsed Radiofrequency ◽

Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Failed Back Surgery ◽

Group 2

AbstractBackgroundRadicular pain is related to lesions that either directly compromise the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or indirectly compromise the spinal nerve and its roots by causing ischemia or inflammation of the axons.ObjectiveOur study aimed to assess the outcomes of pulsed readiofrequency treatment (PRF) according to electrodiagnosis results in patients with chronic intractable lumbosacral radicular pain.MethodsA total of 82 failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients were included in this study. All of them underwent electromyography/nerve conduction studies before pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment at the DRG, and they were classified according to the electrodiagnostic results as: group 1, no definite finding (normal); group 2, radiculopathy; and group 3, neuropathy. Pain intensity was assessed according to a numeric rating scale score and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before treatment and at one, three, six, and 12 months after treatment, and successful treatment was defined as a pain score reduction of ≥50% at 12 months, as compared with the pretreatment score.ResultsPretreatment electrodiagnosis identified 28 patients with no definite findings, 31 patients with radiculopathy, and 23 patients with neuropathy. The patients with neuropathy had less pain relief after treatment than those with no definite findings and those with radiculopathy. The prevalence of pain reduction of at least 50% was lower in the neuropathy group than in the other groups. There was no statistically significant difference in ODI between group.ConclusionOutcomes after PRF at the DRG did not show strong differences according to electrodiagnostic findings in FBSS patients with chronic intractable lumbosacral radicular pain.

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