scholarly journals The Effect of Intraoral Suction on Oxygen-Enriched Surgical Environments: A Mechanism for Reducing the Risk of Surgical Fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. VanCleave ◽  
James E. Jones ◽  
James D. McGlothlin ◽  
Mark A. Saxen ◽  
Brian J. Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Experimental Trial ◽  
Never Events ◽  
Surgical Fire ◽  
Fire Conditions

Abstract In this study, a mechanical model was applied in order to replicate potential surgical fire conditions in an oxygen-enriched environment with and without high-volume suction typical for dental surgical applications. During 41 trials, 3 combustion events were measured: an audible pop, a visible flash of light, and full ignition. In at least 11 of 21 trials without suction, all 3 conditions were observed, sometimes with an extent of fire that required early termination of the experimental trial. By contrast, in 18 of 20 with-suction trials, ignition did not occur at all, and in the 2 cases where ignition did occur, the fire was qualitatively a much smaller, candle-like flame. Statistically comparing these 3 combustion events in the no-suction versus with-suction trials, ignition (P = .0005), audible pop (P = .0211), and flash (P = .0092) were all significantly more likely in the no-suction condition. These results suggest a possible significant and new element to be added to existing surgical fire safety protocols toward making surgical fires the “never-events” they should be.

scholarly journals Influence of the Thermal Insulation Type and Thickness on the Structure Mechanical Response Under Fire Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kubicka ◽  
Urszula Pawlak ◽  
Urszula Radoń
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Truss Structures ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tension Members ◽  
Fire Conditions

The concept of fire safety covers an extremely vast scope of issues. To ensure an adequate fire safety level, it is necessary to combine research and actions in several fields, such as the mathematical, physical, or numerical modelling of a fire phenomenon. Another problem is to design different types of fire protection, including alarm systems, sprinkler systems, and also roads and evacuation systems, in a manner that ensures maximum safety for the building’s users. A vital issue is the analysis of the static-strength response of the structure under fire conditions. This study, concerned with such analyses, is limited to steel truss structures. In technical approvals, manufacturers of fire-proofing materials do not account for the character of the performance of individual structural members. The components in compression need thicker insulation than those in tension. This phenomenon is related to the fact that under fire conditions, the flexural buckling coefficient in compressed members is abruptly reduced with an increase in temperature. In turn, this increase in temperature leads to a fast reduction in resistance. In addition, members in tension have much higher resistance than those in compression in the basic design situation, i.e., at the instant of t = 0 min. Consequently, even a considerable decrease in the resistance of tension members is not as dangerous as that of compression members. Therefore, due to the nature of the performance of individual elements, fire-proofing insulation of every steel structure should be computationally verified. Additionally, in this paper, the influence of the type of fire insulation on the mechanical response of the structure was investigated. Calculations were carried out for different types of sprayed-on insulation, and also for contour and box insulation panels. The graphs show the behaviour of the elastic modulus, the yield point, and the resistance of the elements in the successive minutes of the fire for the different methods of fire protection used. The best results were obtained for vermiculite and gypsum spray.

scholarly journals 322 Snapshot Re-Audit of Implant Checks in SWLEOC Theatres

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Getachew ◽  
K Baryeh
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Storage System ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Extensive Investigation ◽  
Scrub Nurse ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Never Events ◽  
Operating Surgeon

Abstract Introduction Never events represent a huge cost burden to the NHS due to litigation. One such event occurred at a high-volume orthopaedic unit involving the wrong implant being inserted into a patient. An extensive investigation was undertaken which highlighted a combination of human error in the implant checking process and implant storage system. As a result, local guidance was developed to ensure a ‘prosthetic pause’ was performed prior to implant opening. Method An audit of implant checking practices was performed. The first cycle involved 14 cases observed over two weeks and the second involved 16 cases over five weeks. The checks were deemed compliant if the operating surgeon read aloud the implant details to the team, the scrub nurse did the same and both happened prior to implants being opened. Results The initial audit had 8 of 14 cases complying with local guidance. Following the addition of laminated copies of the guidance to all theatres, the guidance being re-distributed to staff and targeted education of the scrub team this improved to 13 of 16 cases. Conclusions Targeted interventions and the introduction of a ‘prosthetic pause’ resulted in an improvement in compliance with implant checks and reduces the risk of further never events.

Surgical Fire Safety: An Ambulatory Surgical Center Quality Improvement Project

AORN Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise H. Tola ◽  
Irene A. Jillson ◽  
Paula Graling
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Quality Improvement Project ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Surgical Fire

Updating of the National Normative Base in the Field of Ensuring Fire Safety of Electrical Wiring

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
G.I. Smelkov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Pekhotikov ◽  
A.I. Ryabikov ◽  
A.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Electrical Wiring ◽  
Technical Regulations ◽  
Fire Conditions

In Russia every year, according to the statistics, the most fire hazardous types of electrical installations are electrical wiring, from which 65 % of fires occurred in 2019, associated with all the types of electrical installations. Considering the urgency of the problem, the Federal Research Budgetary Institution of the All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor, the Research Institute of Fire Defense pays constant attention to increasing the level of fire prevention studies. One of the most important tasks in the institute activities in this Проблемы, суждения 35Безопасность Труда в Промышленности • Occupational Safety in Industry • № 11'2020 • www.safety.ru field is the development, updating, modification and harmonization of the national normative base regulating fire safety requirements and methods for assessing the fire safety of electrical installations, and, above all, of course, electrical wiring. The fundamental regulatory documents are the Technical Regulations TR EEU 043/2017 and the Federal Law of 22. 07. 2008 № 123-FZ «Technical regulations on fire safety requirements», in the development of the electrical section of which the authors of the article took an active part. Particular attention here deserves Clause 2 of Article 82, which regulates the requirements for fire resistance (operability) of cable lines and electrical wiring systems for fire protection of the objects under fire conditions, and Сlause 8 of the same article, which imposes the requirements that were awaited for a long time by all the branches of industry, agriculture, housing construction and, first of all, of course, power engineers and employees of the fire service: «Cables laid openly must be flame retardant». The requirement applies to all the objects, regardless of their functional fire hazard. Over the past three years, the Institute carried out a large scientific research and rule-making work on the revision, development and substantiation of the proposed solutions for new editions of the interstate standards for various types of electrical wiring using: molded electrical wiring products, cables of increased fire resistance under fire conditions, fire retardant cable coatings and cable penetrations. In theoretical terms, the interest is in the proposed by the authors a calculation method for assessment of electrical products fire hazard, based on the stochasticity of emergency modes that cause their failure and ignition.

Morphology, Distribution and Identification of Micro-Constituents Along Grain Boundaries in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
D. E. Fornwalt ◽  
A. R. Geary ◽  
B. H. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rupture Life ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Stress Rupture Life ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Scanning Electron

A systematic study has been made of the effects of various heat treatments on the microstructures of several experimental high volume fraction γ’ precipitation hardened nickel-base alloys, after doping with ∼2 w/o Hf so as to improve the stress rupture life and ductility. The most significant microstructural chan§e brought about by prolonged aging at temperatures in the range 1600°-1900°F was the decoration of grain boundaries with precipitate particles.Precipitation along the grain boundaries was first detected by optical microscopy, but it was necessary to use the scanning electron microscope to reveal the details of the precipitate morphology. Figure 1(a) shows the grain boundary precipitates in relief, after partial dissolution of the surrounding γ + γ’ matrix.

A Comparison of Tem and Apfim to the Interpretation of Modulated Microstructures

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
M.G. Burke ◽  
M.K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Superlattice Reflection ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Probe Field

Interpretation of fine-scale microstructures containing high volume fractions of second phase is complex. In particular, microstructures developed through decomposition within low temperature miscibility gaps may be extremely fine. This paper compares the morphological interpretations of such complex microstructures by the high-resolution techniques of TEM and atom probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM).The Fe-25 at% Be alloy selected for this study was aged within the low temperature miscibility gap to form a <100> aligned two-phase microstructure. This triaxially modulated microstructure is composed of an Fe-rich ferrite phase and a B2-ordered Be-enriched phase. The microstructural characterization through conventional bright-field TEM is inadequate because of the many contributions to image contrast. The ordering reaction which accompanies spinodal decomposition in this alloy permits simplification of the image by the use of the centered dark field technique to image just one phase. A CDF image formed with a B2 superlattice reflection is shown in fig. 1. In this CDF micrograph, the the B2-ordered Be-enriched phase appears as bright regions in the darkly-imaging ferrite. By examining the specimen in a [001] orientation, the <100> nature of the modulations is evident.

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