Updating of the National Normative Base in the Field of Ensuring Fire Safety of Electrical Wiring

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
G.I. Smelkov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Pekhotikov ◽  
A.I. Ryabikov ◽  
A.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Electrical Wiring ◽  
Technical Regulations ◽  
Fire Conditions

In Russia every year, according to the statistics, the most fire hazardous types of electrical installations are electrical wiring, from which 65 % of fires occurred in 2019, associated with all the types of electrical installations. Considering the urgency of the problem, the Federal Research Budgetary Institution of the All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor, the Research Institute of Fire Defense pays constant attention to increasing the level of fire prevention studies. One of the most important tasks in the institute activities in this Проблемы, суждения 35Безопасность Труда в Промышленности • Occupational Safety in Industry • № 11'2020 • www.safety.ru field is the development, updating, modification and harmonization of the national normative base regulating fire safety requirements and methods for assessing the fire safety of electrical installations, and, above all, of course, electrical wiring. The fundamental regulatory documents are the Technical Regulations TR EEU 043/2017 and the Federal Law of 22. 07. 2008 № 123-FZ «Technical regulations on fire safety requirements», in the development of the electrical section of which the authors of the article took an active part. Particular attention here deserves Clause 2 of Article 82, which regulates the requirements for fire resistance (operability) of cable lines and electrical wiring systems for fire protection of the objects under fire conditions, and Сlause 8 of the same article, which imposes the requirements that were awaited for a long time by all the branches of industry, agriculture, housing construction and, first of all, of course, power engineers and employees of the fire service: «Cables laid openly must be flame retardant». The requirement applies to all the objects, regardless of their functional fire hazard. Over the past three years, the Institute carried out a large scientific research and rule-making work on the revision, development and substantiation of the proposed solutions for new editions of the interstate standards for various types of electrical wiring using: molded electrical wiring products, cables of increased fire resistance under fire conditions, fire retardant cable coatings and cable penetrations. In theoretical terms, the interest is in the proposed by the authors a calculation method for assessment of electrical products fire hazard, based on the stochasticity of emergency modes that cause their failure and ignition.

scholarly journals Assessment of compliance with fire safety requirements of the poultry house for 200,000 heads of “Avangard LLC” in Republic of Mordovia based on fire risk calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Anatoly P. Savelyev ◽  
Sergey V. Glotov ◽  
Mikhail N. Chugunov ◽  
Rail R. Salikhov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Technical Regulations ◽  
Assessment Of Compliance

This article presents the results of the assessment of compliance with fire safety requirements of the building of the poultry house for 200,000 heads of Avangard LLC of the Republic of Mordovia, made on the basis of fire risk calculations. The analysis of factors affecting the quality and reliability of the results of calculations is carried out. During the research and evaluation of the objects compliance with fire safety requirements were guided by the provisions of the Technical regulations on fire safety requirements. A list of technical regulations applicable to the object under study was defined. The article gives the fire-technical characteristics of the object under study, the class of functional fire hazard (agricultural buildings). The conducted research has established that the object of research meets the requirements of fire safety. Calculations on fire risk assessment were fulfilled by comparing the calculated values of fire risk with the normative value. For the considered object of protection the fire hazard analysis including the analysis of building characteristics (space-planning, design and technical solutions), fire protection systems, and features of functioning taking into account contingent and distribution of fire load in rooms was completed. The calculation of the risk of the gas supply system was considered the impact of the flame during the combustion of gas released in case of emergency depressurization of the pipeline. The potential risk in a poultry house near a gas pipeline with a diameter of 50 mm will be 1.7810-5, near a gas pipeline with a diameter of 70 mm - 4.410-7, and in total - 1.82410-5. The individual fire risk for employees of the poultry house building is 8.3110-7 year-1. Calculations of the spread of fire hazards and the time of evacuation of people are made using software that allows to create graphical models of space-planning solutions of buildings. With the introduction of the fire risk assessment system at the legislative level, the owners of objects have the opportunity to optimize the cost of fire safety with the required level of safety of people.

scholarly journals Assessment of fire hazard of livestock complexes on the content of cattle on the basis of fire risk calculations

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Anatoly Petrovich Savelyev ◽  
Vladimir Stepanovich Shkrabak ◽  
Sergey Viktorovich Glotov ◽  
Roman Vladimirovich Shkrabak ◽  
Mikhail Nikolaevich Chugunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Regulations

The conducted research has established that a necessary condition for ensuring fire safety is the fulfillment of the fire safety requirements provided for by the technical regulations adopted in accordance with the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation". This risk-based approach reduces the cost of fire safety.

Calculation and Analytical Substantiation of the Limiting Values of Ammonium Nitrate Mass During Storage in the Warehouses and Terminals

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
L.P. Vogman ◽  
◽  
A.V. Iliychev ◽  
E.E. Prostov ◽  
D.V. Dolgikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Emergency Ventilation ◽  
Limiting Values

On the basis of theory of stationary thermal explosion of A.D. Frank-Kamenetsky, depending on the temperature of the critical size of the ammonium nitrate embankment, the calculations were performed, which show that it can be stored in the large volumes at the temperatures up to 30 °C. On the contrary, at the temperatures above 100 °C (for example, at 200 °C), the decomposition of nitrate occurs with acceleration and can lead to an explosion. Based on the studies performed, it is shown that the changes and additions to the fire safety requirements for ammonium nitrate storage in the buildings and structures should be determined by the requirements for fire resistance of buildings (at least II degree of fire resistance), for the purity of the product and its packaging, for the exclusion of contacts with organic substances and materials, storage conditions. Additional fire safety requirements were developed for inclusion in the normative document regarding ammonium nitrate storage. Ammonium nitrate is allowed to be stored in one-story warehouse buildings of at least II degree of fire resistance, structural fire hazard class C0. The floor area within the fire compartment should not exceed 10 500 m2. Between the fire-fighting walls of the 1st type, it is allowed to store no more than 25 000 tons of nitrite in bulk or in the special bags, as well as in the soft specialized containers for bulk products in accordance with GOST 2—2013.The conditions for placing ammonium nitrate in the stacks should be accepted in accordance with the requirements of SP 92.13330.2012. Temperature in the storage room of ammonium nitrate should not exceed 30 °C with a relative humidity of not more than 60 %. Warehouses for storing ammonium nitrate should be equipped with general exchange supply and exhaust and (or) emergency ventilation, in order to exclude the formation of a fire and explosion hazardous environment in the room during the decomposition of ammonium nitrate. Warehouses for storing ammonium nitrate in an amount of not more than 5 thousand tons may be separated from other premises, including from the warehouses for fertilizers and pesticides, by solid (without openings) type 2 fire walls.

scholarly journals Problematic issues of quality, certification and tests of fire-fighting technical production

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 14023
Author(s):  
Tatiana Eremina ◽  
Mikhail Nesterov ◽  
Dmitry Korolchenko ◽  
Anatoly Giletich
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Technical Production ◽  
Technical Regulations

The paper analyzes the compliance of products with the requirements of the "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements". In the conditions of rapid growth of industry, production and output of products using new technologies with the use of new substances and materials, there is a need for the state and society to respond adequately to all kinds of risks that may arise in the use of products, especially if such products are subject to mandatory requirements. One of the types of such products is fireproof paints, varnishes and coatings - Fire Retardant Coatings (hereinafter – FRC). Application of FRC is based on increasing the fire resistance of building structures to the level regulated by the existing regulations depending on the degree of fire resistance of the building. Frequently, problems with FRC quality are only detected at the stage of checking the performance of fire protection works when applying FRC which do not meet the fire safety requirements.

Model for assigning security objects to a specific risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
D. V. Zobkov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Poroshin ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Risk Categories

Introduction. A mathematical model is presented for assigning protection objects to certain risk categories in the field of fire safety. The model is based on the concepts of the probability of adverse effects of fires causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of harm (damage) from fires. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop the procedure for assigning protection objects to a certain category of risk of harm (damage) based on estimates of the probability of fires with the corresponding severity consequences, to determine the acceptable level of risk of harm (damage) due to the fires, to calculate and develop numerical values of criteria for assigning objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories. Methods. The boundaries of the intervals corresponding to certain risk categories are determined by dividing the logarithmic scale of severity of adverse effects of fires into equal segments. Classification methods are used to assign objects of protection to a specific risk category. Results and discussion. Based on the level of severity of potential negative consequences of a fire, risk categories were determined for groups of protection objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and by functional fire hazard classes. The risk category for each individual object of protection is proposed to be determined using the so-called index of "identification of a controlled person" within a group of objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and class of functional fire hazard. Depending on the risk category, the periodicity of planned control and supervision measures in relation to the specific object of protection under consideration is determined, taking into account its socio-economic characteristics and the state of compliance with fire safety requirements by the controlled person. Conclusions. To develop criteria for classifying protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, the probability of negative consequences of fires, that are causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of causing harm (damage) as a result of fires, is used. The risk category for each individual object of protection is determined taking into account socio-economic characteristics of the object that affect the level of ensuring its fire safety, as well as the criteriaof integrity of the subordinate person that characterize the probability of non-compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements at the object of protection. Calculations are made and numerical values of criteria for assigning protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes to a certain category of risk are proposed. Key words: object of protection, probability of fire, acceptable level of risk, risk category, dangerous factor of fire, death and injury of people.

scholarly journals FIRE RESISTANCE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS STORES

Fire Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
O. I. Bashynskiy ◽  
M. Z. Peleshko ◽  
T. G. Berezhanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Combustible Liquids

The article is dedicated to the fire resistance limit of building structures of the objects for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids. Today, oil stores are very important elements of the oil supply system in Ukraine. The analysis of literary sources has shown that fires in oil stores cause extra fire hazard of surrounding objects. Increasing of their scales requires further improvement of fire safety measures during planning and using of oil stores. Fires in such buildings are tricky and large; they cause great harm and often lead to the death of people; their liquidation is very difficult. Theoretical calculations shown that the collapse of structures of the packaged oil stores and, as a result, significant material losses and the threat to people's life and health, were resulted from the incorrect selection of building structures and the discrepancy between the fire resistance of these structures and the applicable norms and requirements for such buildings. Fire Safety, №34, 2019 9 Fire resistance limit of the metal double-T pillar made of steel ВСт3пс4 (profile size number 30) was calculated in the article. Such constructions are used in oil stores. The obtained fire resistance limit of a metal double-T pillar is about 16 minutes (R 16). According to the normative documents for buildings of this type (the degree of fire resistance of the building – III), it should be 120 minutes (R 120). Even if the calculation method has an error due to the choice of another steel grade, objectively none of the double-T profiles from the assortment list would provide proper fire resistance limit.

scholarly journals Normative regulation of fire safety of infrastructural objects of hydrogen energetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Shebeko
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Hydrogen Energetics

Introduction. Now many countries produce measures for a transfer of their economics to an application of a hydrogen energetics. Because of a high fire hazard of hydrogen a fire safety provision of infrastructural objects of the hydrogen energetics is a very important task. The infrastructural objects of the hydrogen energetics are the facilities aimed on a production and storage of hydrogen, transportation of gaseous (GH2) and liquid (LH2) hydrogen, an application of hydrogen for an energy generation, car refueling stations etc. Scientific basis for a creation of the fire safety normative documents was laid in studies of Russian and foreign investigators.Russian normative documents. Russian normative documents in the area considered are analyzed in this work. A draft of the Technical Regulation on a safety of the facilities aimed on production, storage, transportation and application of hydrogen is the most important among them. This document contains a lot of specific requirements which should be used independently of a type of the hydrogen facility. Therefore this document can be considered as extremely “rigid” for a practical applications. A set of rules SP 162.1330610.2014 is aimed on the regulation of the safety requirements for the facilities using liquid hydrogen. The document PB 03-598-03 considers the safety requirements for a production of hydrogen by an electrolysis of water. A conclusion was made that Russian normative basis is not sufficient for a development of the hydrogen energetics.Standard NFPA 2. The standard NFPA 2 can be considered as a most important normative document containing the safety requirements for the facilities for production, storage, transportation and application of hydrogen in a gaseous and a liquid phase. This standard contains both general and specific requirements for the infrastructural objects such as car refueling stations, storages of hydrogen in the gaseous and the liquid phase and also using metal hydrides, hydrogen production facilities, energy generation objects using hydrogen, technological equipment containing hydrogen, laboratory facilities, car parks for the cars using hydrogen as a fuel etc.Conclusions. It was found that there is no comprehensive set of the normative documents regulating fire safety of infrastructural objects of hydrogen energetics. The series of the Russian normative documents in this area which should be created was proposed. A conclusion was made that the requirements of NFPA 2 can be used at a creation of the Russian normative basis of the hydrogen energetics.

TERMS IN THE FIRE SAFETY REGULATORY DOCUMENTS. BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Геннадий Тимофеевич Земский ◽  
Александр Валерьевич Ильичев ◽  
Владимир Александрович Зуйков ◽  
Наталья Валентиновна Кондратюк ◽  
Наталья Борисовна Аверкина
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Technical Regulations ◽  
Selection Of

В статье рассматриваются наиболее употребляемые (используемые) термины в нормативных правовых актах и нормативных документах, касающихся обеспечения пожарной безопасности зданий и сооружений. Ошибочное толкование терминов приводит к искажению (неправильному выбору) противопожарных требований. Высказаны предложения по изменению определений некоторых терминов и отдельных пунктов Технического регламента о требованиях пожарной безопасности и сводов правил. The article discusses the most commonly used (applied) terms in normative legal acts and regulatory documents related to fire safety of buildings and structures. Misinterpretation of terms leads to distortion (wrong selection) of fire safety requirements. The proposals to change the definitions of some terms and several paragraphs of the Technical regulations for fire safety requirements as well as Codes of rules are stated.

scholarly journals Tent fabric used by seasonal children’s camps: fire risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
N. I. Konstantinova ◽  
A. V. Zuban ◽  
E. A. Poedintsev ◽  
N. V. Golov
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Materials Used

Introduction. The use of fireproof tent fabric at children’s tent camps remains a relevant problem. It may be resolved by developing a special flammability assessment methodology and criteria applicable to materials, used as the structural framework of tents. This solution will determine the choice of fabric.Aims and purposes. Materials, currently used to make tents, include natural or synthetic fabric and various polymers, that may be a fire hazard. In case of fire, safe evacuation of people may be unfeasible, although it is particularly important for children’s seasonal tent camps designated for sports and leisure.Domestic regulatory documents, that are currently in force, contain solely general technical requirements applicable to travel tents or ensuring fire safety in the territory of children’s tent camps, but there are neither fire safety requirements applicable to tent materials, nor any methods of their assessment. Meanwhile, there were cases of fire at children’s tent camps.The purpose of this work is to establish fire safety requirements applicable to tent materials used at children’s tent camps, to develop their testing criteria and methodology.The main objectives to be accomplished in order to achieve the pre-set purpose include the analysis of effective regulatory requirements and methods used to determine the flammability of tent materials, the establishment of parameters and criteria designated for their assessment and the development of a standard testing methodology.Results and discussion. Experimental studies were carried out to assess a set of flammability-related parameters of several types of fabric and polymers used to make outer/inner tents and ground sheets. It has been determined that currently used materials are fire-hazardous; therefore, it is advisable to limit the production of tents from combustible and flammable materials whose combustion may be triggered by low-calorie ignition sources, including those that can melt or release toxic combustion products.Currently used standard methods were applied to develop modified methodologies and classification criteria needed to assess the flammability of tent materials for children’s summer camps; experimental studies were also carried out.Conclusions. A draft national standard has been developed; it implies the establishment of the flammability assessment methodology and criteria and restricts the use of tent materials, that are extremely hazardous in terms of the toxicity of their combustion products.

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