scholarly journals Influence of the Thermal Insulation Type and Thickness on the Structure Mechanical Response Under Fire Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kubicka ◽  
Urszula Pawlak ◽  
Urszula Radoń
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Truss Structures ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tension Members ◽  
Fire Conditions

The concept of fire safety covers an extremely vast scope of issues. To ensure an adequate fire safety level, it is necessary to combine research and actions in several fields, such as the mathematical, physical, or numerical modelling of a fire phenomenon. Another problem is to design different types of fire protection, including alarm systems, sprinkler systems, and also roads and evacuation systems, in a manner that ensures maximum safety for the building’s users. A vital issue is the analysis of the static-strength response of the structure under fire conditions. This study, concerned with such analyses, is limited to steel truss structures. In technical approvals, manufacturers of fire-proofing materials do not account for the character of the performance of individual structural members. The components in compression need thicker insulation than those in tension. This phenomenon is related to the fact that under fire conditions, the flexural buckling coefficient in compressed members is abruptly reduced with an increase in temperature. In turn, this increase in temperature leads to a fast reduction in resistance. In addition, members in tension have much higher resistance than those in compression in the basic design situation, i.e., at the instant of t = 0 min. Consequently, even a considerable decrease in the resistance of tension members is not as dangerous as that of compression members. Therefore, due to the nature of the performance of individual elements, fire-proofing insulation of every steel structure should be computationally verified. Additionally, in this paper, the influence of the type of fire insulation on the mechanical response of the structure was investigated. Calculations were carried out for different types of sprayed-on insulation, and also for contour and box insulation panels. The graphs show the behaviour of the elastic modulus, the yield point, and the resistance of the elements in the successive minutes of the fire for the different methods of fire protection used. The best results were obtained for vermiculite and gypsum spray.

Design Study of Steel Structure Fire-Retardant Coatings under High Temperature (Fire) Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 849-859
Author(s):  
Man Li Ou ◽  
Wei Jun Cao ◽  
Long Min Jiang ◽  
Hui Cao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Fire Conditions

As the result of great changes occurring to mechanical properties under high temperature (fire) conditions, steel structures will soon lose the strength and stiffness and lead to structural damage. Through analysis of the steel structure fire resistance design methods under the conditions of high temperature (fire), this article explores the most used fire protection methods in steel structures—brushing or painting fire-resistant coatings, studies the fire-resistance theory of steel structure under fire conditions; in addition, the author proposes the reasonable thickness of the steel structure fire retardant coating of fire-resistant design through design examples.

Application of video surveillance equipment for fire detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
A. N. Chlenov ◽  
◽  
A. V. Kochegarov ◽  
T. A. Butcinskaya ◽  
A. M. Aleshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
Protected Object ◽  
In Fire

Introduction. The fire safety of the protected object is determined by the possibility of reliable fire detection. Insufficiently effective operation of the fire alarm system can lead to the death of people, unacceptable material and other damage. The video surveillance system, being one of the main links of the engineering security system, monitors emergency situations in real time and, in particular, a breakout of fire at the protected object. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and trends in the development of video surveillance equipment aimed at improving the fire safety of protected objects. Tasks include regulatory justification of the use of video surveillance in fire alarm systems, review of methods of fire detection by video surveillance and improving their effectiveness under the influence of interfering factors, as well as evaluation of the effectiveness of video surveillance in fire protection systems. Methods. The methods of the system analysis and probability theory are used. Results and discussion. The requirements of regulatory documents for detectors with a video detection channel for their effective operation in fire alarm systems are considered. The main directions of development of means and methods of application of video surveillance in fire protection systems are defined. It is shown that reducing the risk of non-detection of fire to an acceptable level can be achieved by increasing the probability of effective operation of the fire alarm system, as well as by increasing the positive impact of the video surveillance system, which is a part of the complex security system of the object. Conclusions. Video surveillance significantly increases the efficiency of fire detection. It allows you to get a visual picture of the state of the protected object, which has such a high information content that no other security means can provide. The use of video surveillance equipment in fire alarm systems, as well as their integration with industrial and fire automation systems is one of the main reserves for increasing the fire safety of facilities. Keywords: video surveillance, fire detector with video detection channel, fire alarm, video analytics, fire protection

scholarly journals ENSURING THE PERMISSIBLE VALUE OF FIRE RISK IN OPEN WAREHOUSES PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Fire Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Ye. Hulida ◽  
V. Sharii
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Material Values ◽  
True Values ◽  
Production Facilities

Formulation of the problem. In the field of fire safety, the term "fire risk" is used, ie it is a measure of the possibility of realizing the fire danger of the objects of protection and its consequences for people and material values. Safeguarding the fire safety of security objects consists of identifying, analyzing and evaluating fire risk, which allows the development and implementation of appropriate measures to reduce it to an acceptable level. The most dangerous fires are fires in open warehouses of production facilities. In most cases, such fires, if not detected early, have time to spread over large areas and cause material damage. In most cases, fire protection at the open warehouses of production facilities, taking into account the fire risk, is practically non-existent. Therefore, investigating the issue of fire safety at these sites, taking into account the fire risk and the use of automatic fire alarms and fire alarm systems, is an urgent and timely task.The goal of the work. Develop a methodology for providing fire safety for open warehouses of manufacturing facili-ties, taking into account fire risk and using automatic fire alarms and alerts.Fire Safety, №36, 2020 39Formulation of the problem and its solution. The task of determining the area of service for fire detectors and detec-tors in open warehouses of production facilities was set and solved. In addition, dependencies were obtained to determine the components of fire risk. An example of determining fire risk for open timber composition was then considered. The results of the calculations performed for the above example confirmed the reliability of the developed methodology of en-suring fire safety for open warehouses of production facilities.Conclusions and specific suggestions:1. A methodology for ensuring fire safety for open warehouses of production facilities was developed, taking into account the fire risk and thereby ensuring the inadmissibility of serious consequences from the fire for the working warehouse.2. The following set of fire protection systems and systems provides acceptable fire risk for the object of protection for up to 10 years of their operation. Therefore, the arrangement of open warehouses with such fire-fighting equipment and systems is mandatory.3. The dependencies developed to determine the components of fire risk were based on the basic principles of the theory of reliability and showed high reliability and adequacy with the true values considered in the example.

Thermomechanical performance of offshore topside steel structure exposed to localised fire conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 102924
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Manco ◽  
Murilo A. Vaz ◽  
Julio C.R. Cyrino ◽  
Alexandre Landesmann
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
Fire Conditions

scholarly journals Case Study on Fire Resistance of Sandwiches for Means of Transport

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Pavel Koštial ◽  
Zora Koštialová Jančíková ◽  
Robert Frischer
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aluminum Honeycomb ◽  
Heat Loads

These days there are undeniably unique materials that, however, must also meet demanding safety requirements. In the case of vehicles, these are undoubtedly excellent fire protection characteristics. The aim of the work is to experimentally verify the proposed material compositions for long-term heat loads and the effect of thickness, the number of laminating layers (prepregs) as well as structures with different types of cores (primarily honeycomb made of Nomex paper type T722 of different densities, aluminum honeycomb and PET foam) and composite coating based on a glass-reinforced phenolic matrix. The selected materials are suitable candidates for intelligent sandwich structures, usable especially for interior cladding applications in the industry for the production of means of public transport (e.g., train units, trams, buses, hybrid vehicles).

The concept of calculating the actual limit of fire resistance of building structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Юрий Николаевич Шебеко ◽  
Алексей Юрьевич Шебеко
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Fire Temperature ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Actual Fire

Проведен краткий анализ понятий, связанных с расчетом пределов огнестойкости строительных конструкций. Дано определение термина «фактический предел огнестойкости», которое отсутствует в нормативных документах по пожарной безопасности. Отмечено, что это связано с использованием на практике значений пределов огнестойкости, определенных для стандартных температурных режимов пожара, в то время как на практике указанные температурные режимы, как правило, отличаются от стандартных. Предложена концепция определения фактического предела огнестойкости, основанная на моделировании воздействия на строительную конструкцию температурного режима реального пожара (например, с помощью программного комплекса FDS 6). The brief analysis of definitions connected with estimation of fire resistance limits of building structures is conducted. There is given the determination of term “actual fire resistance limit” that is absent in fire safety normative documents. It is caused by practical application of the fire resistance limits determined for standard temperature regimes of fires only, but at the same time the temperature regimes of real fires as a rule differ from the standard regimes. There is proposed the method for determination of the actual fire resistance limit based on the modeling of influence of the real fire temperature regime on buildings structures. This modeling can be made by an application of CFD methods (for example, with the help of FDS 6 software complex). The required reliability of the building structure is considered. The proposed method can solve the problem of practical applicability of certain structural unit during designing buildings and structures, for which the use of the resistance limits obtained for the standard fire temperature regimes can lead to unjustified economic expenditures without an appropriate elevation of fire safety level of the object.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Behavior of Tension Member Under Rupture

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Steel Members ◽  
Tension Member ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Tension Members

Abstract. A steel structure is naturally lighter than a comparable concrete construction because of the higher strength and firmness of steel. Nowadays, the growth of steel structures in India is enormous. There are so many advantages in adopting the steel as structural members. Almost all high-rise buildings, warehouses & go-downs are steel structures and even some of the commercial buildings are made of steel. Tension members are the elements that are subjected to direct axial load which tends in the elongation of the structural members. Even today bolted connections play a major role in the connection of hot rolled structural steel members. In this experimental study the behavior of tension members (TM) such as plates, angles & channels have been studied under axial tensile force. There is strong relation between pitch and gauge (with in the specified limit as per IS 800:2007) in determining the rupture failure plane. In this study we intensively tested the behaviour of TM for different fasteners pattern by changing the pitch, gauge, end & edge distance and by adopting the different patterns or arrangements of bolted connection in it.

scholarly journals Experimental study on examining the fire load of a small compartment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella László ◽  
Flóra Hajdu ◽  
Rajmund Kuti
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Burning Process ◽  
The People

Abstract In Hungary a lot of people live in condominiums or in block of flats where fire often occurs despite of precise design and effective fire protection arrangements. This means a hazard for the people living there, for the building constructions and also for the environment. A deeper knowledge of the burning process and examining the negative effects of fire load on building constructions with scientific methods are actual questions nowadays. In order to get to know the phenomena more accurately, fire spread in a bedroom was modeled and numerical simulation was carried out, which is presented in this paper in detail. These experiences may help increasing the fire safety and preventing fires in apartments. The simulations were carried out considering the characteristics of the Hungarian architecture.

Design of the Digital System about the Fire Safety for Urban Architecture Based on Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 2606-2610
Author(s):  
Zhong Jiang ◽  
Jin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Interface Module ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
The City ◽  
Fire Information

At present, the automatic fire alarm systems on sale were produced by different factories, which resulted in the information not being shared mutually. Furthermore, it was difficult to connect the different fire auto-alarm systems to the same network. They couldn't communicate automatically with the city fire-fight commanding center in time. We designed interface module of automatic fire alarm controller network and interface module of data center network. By using the existing net of PSTN and internet, it could transmit the breakdown information and a fire information of the automatic fire alarm systems to the fire-fight commanding center, the long-range diagnose, the real-time monitor of a fire and the long-range control in the city fire auto-alarm system was realized.

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