Piezoelectric Vibration-Based Energy Harvesters for Next-Generation Intelligent Tires

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-293
Author(s):  
Kanwar Bharat Singh ◽  
Saied Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Wide Speed Range ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

ABSTRACT Because of access limitations inside the tire, the use of batteries for sensor nodes embedded inside an intelligent tire is not practical. The high vibration levels inside a tire have the potential to generate electrical power using vibration-based energy-harvesting techniques. In this article, the feasibility of using an inertial vibrating energy harvester unit to power a sensor module for tire use is assessed. To predict the electrical power output of the generator, a generic analytical model based on the transfer of energy within the system has been derived. The vibration measurements taken from the test conducted using accelerometers embedded in the tire have been applied as an excitation to the model to predict the power output for a device of suitable dimensions and to study the feasibility of this concept. For the tire applications, a special compact harvester design has been proposed that is able to withstand large shocks and vibrations. Suitable mathematical models for different harvester configurations have been developed to identify the best configuration suited for use inside a tire. The harvester unit demonstrates power generation over a wide speed range and provides a distinct advantage in cost and flexibility of installation while extending the lifetime of the power supply for sensor data acquisition and communication. Results indicate the viability of the procedure outlined in the article.

scholarly journals Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design Configurations

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6759
Author(s):  
Zdenek Machu ◽  
Ondrej Rubes ◽  
Oldrich Sevecek ◽  
Zdenek Hadas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Tip Mass

This paper deals with analytical modelling of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems for generating useful electricity from ambient vibrations and comparing the usefulness of materials commonly used in designing such harvesters for energy harvesting applications. The kinetic energy harvesters have the potential to be used as an autonomous source of energy for wireless applications. Here in this paper, the considered energy harvesting device is designed as a piezoelectric cantilever beam with different piezoelectric materials in both bimorph and unimorph configurations. For both these configurations a single degree-of-freedom model of a kinematically excited cantilever with a full and partial electrode length respecting the dimensions of added tip mass is derived. The analytical model is based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and its output is successfully verified with available experimental results of piezoelectric energy harvesters in three different configurations. The electrical output of the derived model for the three different materials (PZT-5A, PZZN-PLZT and PVDF) and design configurations is in accordance with lab measurements which are presented in the paper. Therefore, this model can be used for predicting the amount of harvested power in a particular vibratory environment. Finally, the derived analytical model was used to compare the energy harvesting effectiveness of the three considered materials for both simple harmonic excitation and random vibrations of the corresponding harvesters. The comparison revealed that both PZT-5A and PZZN-PLZT are an excellent choice for energy harvesting purposes thanks to high electrical power output, whereas PVDF should be used only for sensing applications due to low harvested electrical power output.

Performance Analysis of Near-Field Thermophotovoltaic With a Multilayer Metallodielectric Emitter

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
J. Y. Chang ◽  
L. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Effective Medium Theory ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Alumina Layer ◽  
Photon Transport ◽  
Electrical Power Output

The photon transport and energy conversion of a near-field thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system with a selective emitter composed of alternate tungsten and alumina layers and a photovoltaic cell sandwiched by electrical contacts are theoretically investigated in this paper. Fluctuational electrodynamics along with the dyadic Green’s function for a multilayered structure is applied to calculate the spectral heat flux, and photocurrent generation and electrical power output are solved from the photon-coupled charge transport equations. The tungsten and alumina layer thicknesses are optimized to match the spectral heat flux with the bandgap of TPV cell. The spectral heat flux is much enhanced when plain tungsten emitter is replaced with the multilayer emitter due to the mechanism of surface plasmon polariton coupling in the tungsten thin film. In addition, the invalidity of effective medium theory to predict photon transport in the near field with multilayer emitters is discussed. Effects of a gold back reflector and indium tin oxide front coating with nanometer thickness, which could practically act as the electrodes to collect the photon-generated charges on the TPV cell, are explored. Conversion efficiency of 23.7% and electrical power output of 0.31 MW/m2 are achieved at 100 nm vacuum gap when the emitter and receiver are respectively at temperatures of 2000 K and 300 K.

scholarly journals Evaluating Energy Generation Capacity of PVDF Sensors: Effects of Sensor Geometry and Loading

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Mohammad Uddin ◽  
Shane Alford ◽  
Syed Mahfuzul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Thickness ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Electrical Power Output

This paper focuses on the energy generating capacity of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric material through a number of prototype sensors with different geometric and loading characteristics. The effect of sensor configuration, surface area, dielectric thickness, aspect ratio, loading frequency and strain on electrical power output was investigated systematically. Results showed that parallel bimorph sensor was found to be the best energy harvester, with measured capacitance being reasonably acceptable. Power output increased with the increase of sensor’s surface area, loading frequency, and mechanical strain, but decreased with the increase of the sensor thickness. For all scenarios, sensors under flicking loading exhibited higher power output than that under bending. A widely used energy harvesting circuit had been utilized successfully to convert the AC signal to DC, but at the sacrifice of some losses in power output. This study provided a useful insight and experimental validation into the optimization process for an energy harvester based on human movement for future development.

Experimental Investigation of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Modrek ◽  
Ali Al-Alili
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Electrical Output

Photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT) combines technologies of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors into a hybrid system by attaching an absorber to the back surface of a PV panel. PVT collectors have gained a lot of attention recently due to the high energy output per unit area compared to a standalone system of PV panels and solar thermal collectors. In this study, performance of a liquid cooled flat PVT collector under the climatic conditions of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates was experimentally investigated. The electrical performances of the PVT collector was compared to that of a standalone PV panel. Moreover, effect of sand accumulation on performance of PVT collectors was examined. Additionally, effect of mass flow rate on thermal and electrical output of PVT collector was studied. Electrical power output is slightly affected by changes in mass flow rate. However, thermal energy increased by 22% with increasing flow rate. Electrical power output of a PV panel was found to be 38% lower compared to electrical output of PVT collectors. Dust accumulation on PVT surface reduced electrical power output up to 7% compared with a reference PVT collector.

scholarly journals Design of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System in Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Elie Karam ◽  
Patrick Moukarzel ◽  
Maya Chamoun ◽  
Charbel Habchi ◽  
Charbel Bou-Mosleh
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Conduction Model ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Temperature Loss ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Due to global warming and the high toxic gas emissions of traditional power generation methods, renewable energy has become a very active topic in many applications. This study focuses on one versatile type of solar energy: Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System (hybrid PV/T). Hybrid PV/T combines both PV and thermal application and by doing this the efficiency of the system will increase by taking advantage of the temperature loss from PV module. The solar radiation and heat will be harnessed to deliver electricity and hot water simultaneously. In the present study a solar system is designed to recycle the heat and improve the temperature loss from PV module in order to supply both electricity and domestic hot water. The project was tested twice in Zouk Mosbeh - Lebanon; on May 18, 2016, and June 7, 2016. The average electrical efficiency was around 11.5% with an average electrical power output of 174.22 W, while with cooling, the average electrical efficiency reaches 11% with a power output of 200 W. The temperature increases by about 7 degrees Celsius from the inlet. The 1D conduction model is also performed in order to design the hybrid PV/T system.

Confirmation of a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Strategy Applied to a Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Wave-Energy Conversion

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Tom
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control ◽  
Floating Body ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Irregular Wave ◽  
Electrical Power Output

This paper begins with a brief review of the time-domain equation of motion for a generic floating body. The equation of motion of the floating body was modified to account for the influence of a power-take-off unit (PTO) to predict the hydrodynamic and electromechanical performance of the coupled system. As the damping coefficient is considered the dominant contribution to the PTO reaction force, the optimum non time-varying damping values were first presented for all frequencies, recovering the well-known impedance-matching principle at the coupled resonance frequency. In an effort to further maximize power absorption in both regular and irregular wave environments, nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) was applied to the model-scale point absorber developed at UC Berkeley. The proposed NMPC strategy requires a PTO unit that could be turned on and off instantaneously, leading, interestingly to electrical sequences where the generator would be inactive for up to 60% of the wave period. In order to validate the effectiveness of this NMPC strategy, an in-house designed permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG) was chosen as the PTO. The time-varying performance of the PMLG was first characterized by dry-bench tests, using mechanical relays to control the electromagnetic conversion process. Following this, the physical set-up was transferred to the wave tank. The on/off sequencing of the PMLG was tested under regular and irregular wave excitation to validate NMPC simulations using control inputs obtained from running the control algorithm offline. Experimental results indicate that successful implementation was achieved and the absorbed power using NMPC was up to 50% greater than the passive system, which utilized no controller. However, after considering the PMLG mechanical-to-electrical conversion efficiency the useful electrical power output was not consistently maximized. To improve output power, a mathematical relation between the efficiency and damping magnitude of the PMLG was inserted in the system model to maximize the electrical power output through continued use of NMPC. Of significance, results from these latter simulations provided a damping time series that was active over a larger portion of the wave period and required the actuation of the applied electrical load connected to the PMLG, rather than a simple on/off type control.

scholarly journals Electric Power Optimizing Of Solar Panel SystemThrough Solar Tracking Implementation; A Case Study in Pekanbaru

INSIST ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Adhy Prayitno ◽  
Muhammad Irvan ◽  
Sigit Nurharsanto ◽  
Wahyu Fajar Yantoa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Panel Surface ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Observations and measurements have been conducted towards a solar panel electric power output that is utilized by a solar tracking system. The electrical power output depends on the position of the sun and time and the direction of the panel surface against the angle of the incident light. For power optimization, the solar panel surface should always be directed perpendicular to the direction of the sunlight falling to the surface of the panel. The application of the solar tracking system controlled by a micro controller gives the expected results. The electrical power output of a static solar panel mounted on a fixed position becomes the benchmark of the output electric power value in this study. The measurement results of the electric power output of the solar panel with sun tracking system shows a significant increase in sunny weather conditions.The average increase of that is about 57.3%.Keywords: LDR, micro controller, optimal power output, performance improvment, sun tracking,

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