scholarly journals Оползневый риск в горных районах

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Svalova ◽  
V.B. Zaalishvili ◽  
G.P. Ganapathy ◽  
A.V. Nikolaev ◽  
D.A. Melkov
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Debris Slide ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Rotational Slip

Landslide is a major geological hazard, which poses serious threat to human population and various infrastructures. Landslides occur very often together with other natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods or snow melting and volcanoes that play role of triggering mechanism for landslides. Mountainous areas are vulnerable to landslides and have also been affected by earthquakes. Mountainous and coastal areas are the most affected regions. Landslides cause huge damage in the world and kill many people each year. Paper is devoted to landslides research on the base of risk analysis, assessment, management and reduction concept. Landslide Risk Management is seen as a series of events leading to landslides risk reduction and avoiding. It includes landslides monitoring, landslide forecast, engineering works, slopes strengthen, insurance and others. Paper also considered India, China and Russia case studies including Kolka disaster on 20 September 2002 and other related disasters. Kazbek volcanic center is characterized by the complex interrelationship of various hazardous geological processes. Disasters of 2002 and 2014 caused by icerock fall govern importance of investigation of the area. The network recorded a collapse of the mass of ice and rocks in the region of the Devdorak glacier on May 17, 2014 and the movement of the formed stoneice avalanche. In India, the Himalayas are prone to landslides, particularly n monsoon season, from months of June to October. Various types of landslides occur in Himalayas, including block slumping, debris flow, debris slide, rock fall, rotational slip and slump. Generally landslides are triggered by heavy or prolonged rainfall. Landslides cause severe damage to lives and property while also causing disruption in communication networks and movement of traffic. Оползни представляет собой серьезную геологическую опасность, создающую угрозу для населения и различных объектов инфраструктуры. Оползни часто сопровождают другие стихийные бедствия, такие как землетрясения, наводнения, таяние снега и вулканические процессы, которые играют роль механизма запуска оползней. Горные районы, пострадавшие от землетрясений также уязвимы для оползней. Горные и прибрежные районы являются наиболее пострадавшими регионами. Во всем мире оползни наносят колоссальный ущерб и влекут за собой человеческие жертвы. Статья посвящена исследованию оползней на основе концепции анализа, оценки, управления и снижения рисков. Управление рисками рассматривается как серия мероприятий, ведущих к снижению и предотвращению риска оползней. Они включают в себя мониторинг оползней, прогноз оползней, инженерные работы, укрепление склонов, страхование и др. Рассмотрены примеры исследований Индии, Китая и России, включая Колкинскую катастрофу 20 сентября 2002 года и другие связанные с ней катастрофы. Казбекский вулканический центр характеризуется сложной взаимосвязью различных опасных геологических процессов. Бедствия 2002 и 2014 гг., вызванные падением ледяных скал, определяют важность исследования местности. Сеть зафиксировала обвал массы льда и камней в районе ледника Девдорак 17 мая 2014 года и движение образовавшейся ледовокаменной лавины. В Индии Гималаи подвержены оползням, особенно в сезон муссонов, с июня по октябрь. В Гималаях встречаются различные типы оползней, в том числе оползни блоков, обломки, оползни, обвалы, проскальзывание и спад. Обычно сход оползней вызван сильными или продолжительными осадками. Оползни наносят серьезный социальный ущерб, вызывают сбои в различных сетях и движении транспорта.

LANDSLIDE RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE KUIBYSHEV RESERVOIR DUE THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED LINE "MOSCOW-KAZAN"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Vladimir Mashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Stepped Surface ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Landslide Slope ◽  
The Village

High-speed railway "Moscow-Kazan" by the draft crosses the Volga (Kuibyshev reservoir) in Chuvashia region 500 m below the village of New Kushnikovo. The crossing plot is a right-bank landslide slope with a stepped surface. Its height is 80 m; the slope steepness -15-16o. The authors should assess the risk of landslides and recommend anti-landslide measures to ensure the safety of the future bridge. For this landslide factors have been analyzed, slope stability assessment has been performed and recommendations have been suggested. The role of the following factors have been analyzed: 1) hydrologic - erosion and abrasion reservoir and runoff role; 2) lithologyc (the presence of Urzhum and Northern Dvina horizons of plastically deformable rocks, displacement areas); 3) hydrogeological (the role of perched, ground and interstratal water); 4) geomorphological (presence of the elemental composition of sliding systems and their structure in the relief); 5) exogeodynamic (cycles and stages of landslide systems development, mechanisms and relationship between landslide tiers of different generations and blocks contained in tiers). As a result 6-7 computational models at each of the three engineering-geological sections were made. The stability was evaluated by the method “of the leaning slope”. It is proved that the slope is in a very stable state and requires the following measures: 1) unloading (truncation) of active heads blocks of landslide tiers) and the edge of the plateau, 2) regulation of the surface and groundwater flow, 3) concrete dam, if necessary.

New Democracy in Digital Era through Social Media and News Online

Humaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Abitassha Az Zahra ◽  
Eko Priyo Purnomo ◽  
Aulia Nur Kasiwi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Online News ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Democracy

The research aimed to explain the pattern of social communication on the issue of rejection of the PLTU Batang development policy. It used data on Twitter accounts involved in the rejection of the PLTU Batang development policy. In analyzing existing data, qualitative methods and social analysis networks were used. To see social networks in the rejection of the PLTU Batang development policy, the research used the NodeXL application to find out the patterns of social communication networks in #TolakPLTUBatang. From the results, it can be seen that in the dissemination of social networking information, the @praditya_wibby account is the most central account in the social network and has a strong influence on the social network. The @praditya_wibby account has a role in moving the community through Twitter to make a critical social movement. This means that in the current digital era, democracy enters a new form through the movement of public opinion delivery through social media. Besides, by encouraging the role of online news, the distribution of information becomes faster to form new perceptions of an issue. This is evident from the correlation network where the @praditya_wibby account has correlations with several compass online media accounts, tirto.id, okezonenews, vice, antaranews, BBCIndonesia, and CNN Indonesia.

Governance in Online Stolen Data Markets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Odaba¸ ◽  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Ronald L. Breiger
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Underground Economies ◽  
Two Sided Markets

We analyze the governance structure of online stolen data markets. As cybercriminal underground economies, stolen data markets are beyond the reach of state intervention, and yet they need form and regulation in order to function. While the illicit nature of the business brings risks to its participants, the online characteristics of these markets enable the participants to communicate easily, which is a crucial means of generating trust. We first identify stolen data markets in terms of their economic organization as two-sided markets, economic platforms with two distinct user groups that provide each other with network synergies. This characterization enables us to understand the role of the forum administrator as that of an intermediary, market creator, and market regulator. Then we clarify the role of communication networks and social structure in creating trust among buyers and sellers.

scholarly journals Did Cyclic Metaphosphates Have a Role in the Origin of Life?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Glonek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Holliday Junction ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Condensed Phosphate ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Self Replication

AbstractHow life began still eludes science life, the initial progenote in the context presented herein, being a chemical aggregate of primordial inorganic and organic molecules capable of self-replication and evolution into ever increasingly complex forms and functions.Presented is a hypothesis that a mineral scaffold generated by geological processes and containing polymerized phosphate units was present in primordial seas that provided the initiating factor responsible for the sequestration and organization of primordial life’s constituents. Unlike previous hypotheses proposing phosphates as the essential initiating factor, the key phosphate described here is not a polynucleotide or just any condensed phosphate but a large (in the range of at least 1 kilo-phosphate subunits), water soluble, cyclic metaphosphate, which is a closed loop chain of polymerized inorganic phosphate residues containing only phosphate middle groups. The chain forms an intrinsic 4-phosphate helix analogous to its structure in Na Kurrol’s salt, and as with DNA, very large metaphosphates may fold into hairpin structures. Using a Holliday-junction-like scrambling mechanism, also analogous to DNA, rings may be manipulated (increased, decreased, exchanged) easily with little to no need for additional energy, the reaction being essentially an isomerization.A literature review is presented describing findings that support the above hypothesis. Reviewed is condensed phosphate inorganic chemistry including its geological origins, biological occurrence, enzymes and their genetics through eukaryotes, polyphosphate functions, circular polynucleotides and the role of the Holliday junction, previous biogenesis hypotheses, and an Eoarchean Era timeline.

scholarly journals Towards a Glass New World: The Role of Ion-Exchange in Modern Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4610
Author(s):  
Simone Berneschi ◽  
Giancarlo C. Righini ◽  
Stefano Pelli
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Happy Marriage

Glasses, in their different forms and compositions, have special properties that are not found in other materials. The combination of transparency and hardness at room temperature, combined with a suitable mechanical strength and excellent chemical durability, makes this material indispensable for many applications in different technological fields (as, for instance, the optical fibres which constitute the physical carrier for high-speed communication networks as well as the transducer for a wide range of high-performance sensors). For its part, ion-exchange from molten salts is a well-established, low-cost technology capable of modifying the chemical-physical properties of glass. The synergy between ion-exchange and glass has always been a happy marriage, from its ancient historical background for the realisation of wonderful artefacts, to the discovery of novel and fascinating solutions for modern technology (e.g., integrated optics). Getting inspiration from some hot topics related to the application context of this technique, the goal of this critical review is to show how ion-exchange in glass, far from being an obsolete process, can still have an important impact in everyday life, both at a merely commercial level as well as at that of frontier research.

Role of dynamics on the formation and maintenance of the elevated aerosol layer during monsoon season over south-east peninsular India

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkat Ratnam ◽  
P. Prasad ◽  
M. Roja Raman ◽  
V. Ravikiran ◽  
S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Peninsular India

Social Influence and Human Interaction with Technology

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Robert S. Friedman ◽  
Desiree M. Roberts ◽  
Jonathan D. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Rival Firms ◽  
Successful Innovation ◽  
Share Information

This chapter discusses how information that supports innovation flows throughout an organization, the construction and effects of team composition, the innovative processes that teams employ, and the development, implementation, and evaluation of systems used to manage the flow and distribution of information. As Allen and Cohen (1969) point out, effective communicators rise in their organizations as a result of their willingness to engage information—by reading and conversing outside of their immediate settings, but as Tushman (1977) explains, that kind of outreach precipitates special boundary roles, which come about to satisfy an organization’s communication network’s role of bridging an internal information network to external sources of information. Thompson (1965) investigates the conditions necessary to move an organization from a single-minded focus on productivity to one of those that facilitate innovation. At times, that means engaging rival firms, and von Hippel (1987) demonstrates that information sharing is economically beneficial to the organizations doing the trading. Freeman’s (1991) finding that information regarding innovative processes entails the development of effective information networks confirms how important it is for successful innovation that there exist effective external and internal communication networks, and that individuals collaborate to share information. von Hippel (1994) returns later in the chapter to qualify this point by showing that there is a direct correlation between the level of stickiness and the expense related to moving that information to a location where it can be applied to solving a problem.

Talking Shop

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-120
Author(s):  
Jonathan Reades ◽  
Martin Crookston
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Core ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The People ◽  
Uncertain Knowledge

We focus on the people and asks what role does personal choice and interaction play? The key issue here is the role of face-to-face interaction in the transfer of complex, uncertain knowledge. It analyses the different sorts of knowledge and relationships involved in day-to-day exchanges. This leads on to the milieux for such exchange, from meetings to bar-chat to the digital world; and to the need (or not) for frequent access to each other, and thus to the communication networks: digital in all cases, physical to varying degrees in others. This need varies according to the differential importance of knowledge, confidence and judgement across sectors and firms. All of it is more or less amenable to replacement by ICT; the questions explored are: what is the core of irreplaceable contact, to whom does it still matter and, consequently, what are the locational effects for cities and their hinterlands?

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