Bone characteristics and physical fitness in children and adolescents with visual impairment

The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the effects of active video games (AVGs) on mental health, physical fitness and body composition of children and adolescents. A search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed; MEDLINE (by Ovid); SportDiscus, Cochrane library systematic reviews (CENTRAL) and EMBASE with no language restrictions during October 2020. Reviews on the use of AVGs were included in the study. We use the AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) scale to analyze the methodological quality of the studies. Seventeen systematic reviews and meta-analyzes were included on the effects of AVGs with 30 to 4728 children and adolescents of both sexes with ages ranging from 6 to 19 years. In five studies, the population was overweight or obese. Regarding the quality, 12 studies were of moderate quality, two had high quality, two had low quality and one showed very low quality. The analyzed data indicate that the use of AVGs with a frequency of 1 to 3 times a week with durations of between 10 and 90 min per day shows positive effects on mental health and physical functioning. There was moderate quality evidence that AVGs can result in benefits for self-esteem, increased energy expenditure, physical activity and reduced body mass index in children and adolescents who used AVGs in the home environment. Further research is needed on this tool to help in the process of social isolation and consequently in promoting health and well-being.

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Children and adolescents with Down syndrome, physical fitness and physical activity

Journal of Sport and Health Science ◽

10.1016/j.jshs.2012.10.004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 47-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Ken Pitetti ◽

Tracy Baynard ◽

Stamatis Agiovlasitis

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents

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Design of a cross-sectional study on physical fitness and physical activity in children and adolescents after burn injury

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/1471-2431-12-195 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Laurien M Disseldorp ◽

Leonora J Mouton ◽

Tim Takken ◽

Marco Van Brussel ◽

Gerard IJM Beerthuizen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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The Influence of Visual Impairment on Physical Fitness Test Performance

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x8608000504 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 729-731

Author(s):

Francis X. Short ◽

Joseph P. Winnick

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Test Performance ◽

Visually Impaired ◽

Long Distance ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Test Items ◽

Age Range ◽

Partially Sighted

The Project UNIQUE Physical Fitness Test was administered to 686 normally sighted and 484 visually impaired subjects in the 10-17 age range. Significant differences favoring the normally sighted were found for each of the six test items. The severity of the visual impairment was a significant factor on the two running items. Partially sighted subjects made better scores than legally blind subjects on the 50-yard dash and long-distance run. No significant differences between partially sighted and blind subjects were found for the non-running items in the test battery (skinfolds, grip strength, sit-ups and sit and reach). Findings suggested that, depending upon the purpose of the assessment, physical fitness test scores of the visually impaired generally should be compared to specially designed norms and that, on the running items, separate norms should be utilized for the blind and partially sighted.

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Physical Fitness in Polish Children and Adolescents

Current Research in Sports Sciences ◽

10.1007/978-1-4757-2510-0_41 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 275-282

Author(s):

R. Przeweda

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents

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European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9–17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2017-098253 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (22) ◽

pp. 1445-1456 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Grant R Tomkinson ◽

Kevin D Carver ◽

Frazer Atkinson ◽

Nathan D Daniell ◽

Lucy K Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Normative Values ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Muscular Power ◽

Monitoring And Surveillance ◽

Lms Method ◽

Better Than ◽

Apparently Healthy

ObjectiveTo develop sex-specific and age-specific normative values for the nine Eurofit tests in European children and adolescents aged 9–17 years.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive results for at least one of nine Eurofit tests (measuring balance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, muscular power, flexibility, speed, speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)) on children and adolescents. Data were included on apparently healthy (free from known disease/injury) children and adolescents aged 9–17 years. Following harmonisation for methodological variation where appropriate, pseudodata were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, with population-weighted sex-specific and age-specific normative centiles generated using the Lambda Mu Sigma (LMS) method. Sex-specific and age-specific differences were expressed as standardised differences in means, with the percentage of children and adolescents with healthy CRF estimated at the sex-age level.ResultsNorms were displayed as tabulated centiles and as smoothed centile curves for the nine Eurofit tests. The final dataset included 2 779 165 results on children and adolescents from 30 European countries, extracted from 98 studies. On average, 78% of boys (95% CI 72% to 85%) and 83% of girls (95% CI 71% to 96%) met the standards for healthy CRF, with the percentage meeting the standards decreasing with age. Boys performed substantially (standardised differences >0.2) better than girls on muscular strength, muscular power, muscular endurance, speed-agility and CRF tests, but worse on the flexibility test. Physical fitness generally improved at a faster rate in boys than in girls, especially during the teenage years.ConclusionThis study provides the largest and most geographically representative sex-specific and age-specific European normative values for children and adolescents, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.

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