scholarly journals Deputies of Vladimir Governorate in the State Duma of the Russian Empire (1906–1907)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-489
Author(s):  
Olga V. Kalyuzhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
October 17 ◽  
Legislative Activities

The article is devoted to the activities of the deputies who represented the Vladimir Governorate in the First and Second State Dumas of the Russian Empire. The existing research base on this issue is analyzed. Special features of the local elections in the territory of the governorate are revealed. The data on the influence of the local authorities’ policy on the course of elections in the peasant curia are presented. The regional peculiarities of the tactics of individual parties (the bloc of the monarchist party and the Union of October 17) in the elections to the Second Duma are indicated. The attempts of the local authorities to disqualify the most popular opposition candidates from the elections to the Second Duma (K. Chernosvitov) are presented. The collective portrait of the Vladimir Governorate deputies is given, and the main information about their social status, age, party affiliation, and education is cited. Based on this information, the article shows the similarities and differences of the Vladimir Governorate deputies of the first and second convocations from the all-Russian indicators. The statistics on the membership of the deputies from the Vladimir Governorate in the Duma commissions are indicated, and their participation in the legislative activities of the State Duma is considered. The author highlights the key issues which were of interest to the deputies of Vladimir Governorate, such as social policy, political and civil rights, elections to the State Duma, and judicial reform. The speeches of the deputies on these issues are analyzed, and the most active parliamentarians are identified (I. Aleksinskii, K. Chernosvitov, N. Zhidelev, and M. Komissarov).

scholarly journals Introduction of food distribution in the conditions of the supply crisis before the revolution of 1917 (based on the materials of Kostroma Province)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Vladislav A. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Food Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Fixed Price ◽  
Fixed Prices ◽  
The Russian Empire

By the end of 1916, the food issue had been escalating in the Russian Empire. The Russian government faced the need to supply not only the army, but also the provinces with consuming bread, and the civilians were hostages of the transport crisis. The fixed prices for bread introduced in September 1916 led to the restriction of market trade. An important step in the state regulation of the bread market was the unfolding of bread. The article provides an analysis of food policy before the introduction of the unfolding. The food distribution of the tsarist government was an attempt to mobilise grain resources for the needs of the army and the civilians. The peculiarity of the reform was the combination of the principle of duty and payment of the product at a fixed price. The expansion is considered both from the all-Russia positions, taking into account the experience of grain-producing provinces, and in terms of Kostroma Province, which had lack of developed agriculture. The article pays special attention to the measures of local authorities. The governor, the zemstvo, the volost peasant gatherings were not ready to complete the tasks in full. The article concludes that the food distribution in the bread-consuming province, experiencing a crisis of planned supply, could not end successfully.

Historical and Legal Research of the Bases of Organization and Functioning of Judicial Authority in Crimea in the Composition of the Russian Empire (late XVIII – Beginning of XX Centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
M. S. Kiyan ◽  
◽  
T. V. Khutko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
High Level

In the Russian Federation, one of the priority vectors of the development of the state is to improve the quality of justice, the guarantee of which is the effective judicial system. For the most optimal mode of functioning of the judicial system, an understanding of the main trends in its development is necessary, which requires a high level of generalization and scientific potentiation of the foundations of the organization and functioning of the judiciary, and is possible only if all previous stages of its development are analyzed. The main objective of the study: 1) determine the features of the development of the judicial policy of the Russian Empire in the regions, in particular in the Crimea; 2) to trace the evolution of the judicial system in the Crimea during its stay in the Russian Empire. When writing the work, methods of scientific research were used: dialectical, historical-legal, formal-legal, systemic, comparative-legal, historical periodization, diachronous, institutional-legal. The main results and conclusions of the study can be defined as: 1) judicial reform was a priority in the state legal policy of the Russian Empire at the end of the XVIII – early XX centuries; 2) the author's periodization of the reform of the judicial system in the Crimea. Such a consistent consideration of the organization and functioning of the judiciary allows for its comprehensive study as a historical phenomenon with its own genesis of organization and activity The article is of high scientific value, since it is the first generalizing study in the historical and legal literature devoted to the problems of the formation, development and modernization of the judiciary in Crimea as part of the Russian Empire (1783–1917), in which it was first used that were not previously included in the scientific circulation Sources of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea of the Russian Federation.

History of the state and law of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Smykalin ◽  
Tat'yana Bazhenova ◽  
Natal'ya Zipunnikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The second part of the anthology contains legal acts published in the XIX century: extracts from the Code of laws of the Russian Empire, acts of peasant, judicial reform, University Charter, provisions of the 80-90-ies of the XIX century and other materials. The documents are arranged in chronological order.

scholarly journals Zarudny Sergiy Ivanovych (1821-1887) - Ukrainian and Russian lawyer, statesman of the Russian Empire

10.33287/1194 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
І. С. Міронова
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the way of life of a famous statesman of the Russian Empire, a Ukrainian of descent, a lawyer, one of the main founders of the court reform and a leader of peasant reforms of the second half of the XIX century, an interpreter, secret counselor Serhiy Ivanovych Zarudnyy. His origin, pedigree, civil service in the Ministry of Justice, in the State Chancellery, in the State Council, as a senator was studied. Attention was paid to his work in the commissions for the preparation of judicial reform, the development of the «Basic Provisions for the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia» and the Judicial Statutes, which were approved in 1864. His role was proved in the creation of the world justice system, in the introduction of jury and the institute of attorneys in the Russian judicial system, in approving the principles of publicity, immediacy, and adversarial proceedings. Considerable attention is focused on the role of the statesman in the development of reform projects on the elimination of serfdom 1861. A special place is dedicated to the scientific work of S. Zarudnyy, in particular to his monographs, articles, a collection of materials on judicial reform entitled «The Case Зарудний of the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia», organized in 74 volumes. It was noted that for his juridical and scientific work, contemporaries and biographers of S. Zarudnyy called him «the luminary of our judicial world», «leading figure of judicial reform», «father» and «soul» of the case of concluding judicial charters. The article substantiates the conclusion that S. Zarudnyy laid down the democratic principles of the judicial system and legal proceedings in the Russian Empire with his activities.

scholarly journals “Be as It May, but the Judicial Reform Will Soon Emerge”: An Unknown Source on the Preparation of the Judicial Reform of 1864 in the Russian Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 1131-1142
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Legkiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
State Council ◽  
The Third ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Heads Of State

The article and the published documents study the previously unknown documents on the judicial reform. Drawing on archival documents discovered in the Stasovs family archive (from the manuscript department of the Institute of Russian Literature) and in the secret archive of the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery (from the State Archive of the Russian Federation), including correspondence of D. V. Stassov with the chairman of the Yekaterinoslav criminal court chamber, A. S. Kuznetsov (1862–66), the publication reveals the unknown pages of the history of the judicial reform of 1864 in the Russian Empire. The sources highlight the activities of the commission for preparation of the reform under (initially) quite difficult conditions. The details of the judicial reform preparation are given against the background of constant struggles between conservative and liberal camps (with the gradual switchover of high-ranking officials from one camp to another, depending on the Emperor’s will), as well as between different groups and directions. Thus, the adoption of final decisions was delayed due to uncertain, evasive position of its members, as it happened during discussions of individual bills in the State Council. Attention is drawn to the reaction of officials of the Third Department, when perlustrating letters of the Councilor of State, Chief Secretary of the Governing Senate and Chairman of the Criminal Court Chamber of Yekaterinoslav containing quite immodest thoughts on the “behind-the-scenes preparation” of the Judicial reform. D. V. Stasov’s letters were actually weekly diary entries recording the preparation of the 1864 judicial reform, his tone picturesque, descriptions of ministers and high officials accurate and caustic. Such evidence from very authoritative sources provides a wealth of material on the attitude of the Imperial Court and the heads of state institutions (the Ministry of Justice, the State Council, the Senate, the Committee of Ministers, the Second Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery) involved in decision-making concerning judicial projects, which has not been adequately covered in historical and legal studies. Publication of D. V. Stasov's letters (from the archival materials of the Stasov family fond) can significantly expand the source base on the history of preparation of the judicial reforms in the Russian Empire in 1860–64.

scholarly journals Remembrance of the Borki Train Disaster in the Eparchial Part of “Faith and Reason”

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Antonina Kizlova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
October 17 ◽  
The 19Th Century

: In the Russian empire of the 19th century, every important event in the life of the ruling dynasty became newsbreak for various periodicals. On October 17, 1888, all the carriages of the imperial train were wrecked at Borki (Kharkiv province and eparchy). There were 23 victims and 35 badly wounded in the disaster, but the emperor Alexander III, his wife and children escaped without serious injury. In the view of the state religion, this miraculous salvation was considered to be a divine blessing and was consequently immortalized in an hermitage near Borki, by charitable institutions, etc. The study of these practices can help amplify the lore about the politics of remembering and representations of memory about the sovereign. The case of the Kharkiv region, where the crash took place is scantily investigated. This work deals with the materials about the Romanovs’ survival, published in both official and unofficial parts of the main Orthodox magazine of the Kharkiv eparchy during 1889–1915. The author studies the contexts of all mentionings about the disaster and concludes that these publications were connected mainly with annual commemorative events near Borki, but they were not the essential part of each October issue.

Review of the III International historical and legal congress “Legal traditions of the formation of Russian statehood”

2021 ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Yu. Grudtsyna
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Further Development

The review of the III International historical and legal congress “Legal traditions of the formation of Russian statehood", dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of the Russian Empire, is given. One of the main tasks of the event was to bring together representatives of science from different states, different scientific schools and directions to solve topical historical and legal problems of the state and law. Following the results of the congress, a declaration was adopted, in which the importance of continuing legal research of domestic state-legal traditions was noted, the main directions for the further development of historical and legal science were outlined.

scholarly journals The regional policy of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century: The Kingdom of Poland (1815–1830)

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Boris V. Nosov ◽  
Lyudmila P. Marney
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the problems of the regional policy of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century discussed in the latest Russian historiography, to the peculiarities of the state-legal status and administrative practice of the Kingdom of Poland. It was the time when basic principles and a special structure of management at the outlying regions of the empire were developed, and when special (historical, national, and cultural) regions were formed on the periphery of the Empire. The policy of the Russian government in relation to the Kingdom of Poland depended both on the fundamental trends in the international relations in Central and Eastern Europe (as reflected in international treaties), as well as on the internal political development of the empire, and the peculiarities of political, legal, social, economic, cultural processes in the Kingdom and on Polish lands in Austria and Prussia. All these aspects have an impact on the debate that historians and legal experts are conducting on the state and legal status of parts of the lands of the former Principality of Warsaw that were included in the Russian Empire in 1815 by the decision of the Congress of Vienna. The fundamental political principles of the Russian Empire in the Kingdom of Poland in the first half of the 19th century were a combination of autocracy (with individual elements of enlightened absolutism), based on centralized bureaucratic control, and relatively decentralized political, administrative and estate structures, which assumed the presence of local self-government.

scholarly journals ESTATES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS AND PENITENTIARY ESTABLISHMENTS IN RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE (1864–1914)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Victoria Vengerska ◽  
Oleksandr Zhukovskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Maksymov
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
District Court ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
New Institutions

Right-bank Ukraine became part of the Russian Empire after the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1792. The integration of these territories into the new administrative, economic and cultural space caused certain difficulties. In the first half of the 19th century, the region had the highest percentage of peasant serfs and the elements and institutions of the non-existent state (including the courts) still existed and kept functioning. The defeat in the Crimean War of 1853–1856 imposed on the Russian Empire the need for radical reforms in all spheres of life. The wave-like periods of cooperation-confrontation between the Russian authorities and the local nobility brought about regional provisions in virtually all the reforms, launched by the peasant reform of 1861. The judicial reform and the emergence of new institutions and practices had to resolve existing problems, disputes, and punish criminals legally. The social estate (stanovy) character of the society was reflected in the establishment and activities of the volost courts, as the lower courts. The district courts were a completely novel phenomenon in the legal culture; their functioning was ensured by professional lawyers on the basis of new judicial statutes. The purpose of this article is to consider the court practices and functioning of penitentiary establishments in Right-Bank Ukraine (on the example of Volyn province) under implementation of the judicial reform through the prism of social and estate factors, based on the cases of the Zhytomyr District Court and the reports of the heads of local prisons. The methodology of the research includes the tools of social history and the so-called "new imperial history" that have helped to trace the adaptation of new legal practices to the socio-ethnic peculiarities of Right Bank Ukraine. The methods of history of everyday life and history of reading have been employed to consider the under-researched component of the penitentiary system of the Russian Empire, namely the libraries and their funds. This component should be attributed to the novelty of the suggested research findings. Conclusions. Estate privileges were maintained in the Russian Empire throughout the "long 19th century". Belonging to a higher social status practically made the Polish nobles equal in the rights with the imperial officials, endowed with power. During court decisions and sentencing, an ethnic criterion was not taken into consideration or had secondary significance. Many years of placing the peasants outside the legal field developed a steady arrogant attitude of the power-holders towards the representatives of this social estate. Though the peasants dominated in the social structure of the Empire population, they remained the most prevalent class. Since the early 20th century, some shifts in perception and attitudes towards peasantry were observed.

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