scholarly journals Myten om fengselspinen

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-146
Author(s):  
Ingrid Rindal Lundeberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Theories Of Punishment ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Gains And Losses

Title: The Myth of “Prison Pain”. Summary: The pain of punishment and imprisonment has been widely discussed in prison research. In line with established penal/criminal theory and politics, imposing punishment within the institution of law means inflicting pain. The sociology of imprisonment literature has traditionally focused rather narrowly on the pains of imprisonment; on the “weight, depth and tightness” experienced by prisoners. Empirically-grounded comparative analysis of prisoners’ own views on important contributing factors to strengthening their quality of life in prison and their decision to abstain from future crime and drugs is scarce. In the 21st century, Norwegian criminal justice policy has shifted towards an increasing emphasis on human rights discourses and rehabilitation policies. The “principle of normalization” is a humanist hallmark of the Norwegian prison systems, implying prisoners’ equal access to the welfare rights shared by all Norwegian citizens. During the incarceration period, prisoners’ rights to satisfactory accommodation, education or training, employment, health and social services, and financial advice, seek to create the best possible conditions for an offender’s re-integration into society after release. Despite such constructive changes within correctional services, the question remains how such changes have altered the prison experience and softened the pains of imprisonment. Based on comprehensive qualitative and quantitative data on life before, during and after imprisonment, this article presents a more nuanced picture of the varying Norwegian correctional institution standards. With the help of ex-criminals’ and inmates’ present and past experiences, the article contributes to an understanding of how the different prison-condition qualities that prisoners are exposed to can contribute to constructive change. By addressing the prisoners’ own reflections on their feelings, pain, pleasures, gains and losses regarding today’s penal practice, the article wishes to contribute to a constructive debate on what current and former prisoners value as supportive and fair, and what they perceive to be offensive and unfair. We cannot, the article argues, assume that punishment is always, and in each case, perceived as pain without further investigation of how punishment is actually experienced and how it varies. The comparative approach - how prisoners perceive and experience the varying conditions they are subjected to in prison, and how they deal with it - must be a core concern in the study of captive society. Accordingly, theories of punishment and painfulness must reflect the recent years’ changes evident within both penal practice and policies.

Solitary Confinement

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
High Level

The use of solitary confinement in prisons became common with the rise of the modern penitentiary during the first half of the nineteenth century and his since remained a feature of many prison systems all over the world. Solitary confinement is used for a panoply of different reasons although research tells us that these practices have widespread negative health effects. Besides the death penalty, it is arguably the most punitive and dangerous intervention available to state authorities in democratic nations. Nevertheless, in the United States there are currently an estimated 80,000 to 100,000 prisoners in small cells for more than 22 hours per day with little or no social contact and no physical contact visits with family or friends. Even in Scandinavia, thousands of prisoners are placed in solitary confinement every year and with an alarming frequency. These facts have spawned international interest in this topic and a growing international reform movement, which includes researchers, litigators, and human rights defenders as well as prison staff and prisoners. This book is the first to take a broad international comparative approach and to apply an interdisciplinary lens to this subject. In this volume neuroscientists, high-level prison officials, social and political scientists, medical doctors, lawyers, and former prisoners and their families from different countries will address the effects and practices of prolonged solitary confinement and the movement for its reform and abolition.

scholarly journals Epilepsy and quality of life in Iranian epileptic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Honari ◽  
Seyed Mehran Homam ◽  
Maryam Nabipour ◽  
Zahra Mostafavian ◽  
Arezou Farajpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software

Abstract Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with physical, emotional, and social consequences. Previous studies indicate that epilepsy symptoms can highly affect the epileptic patients’ satisfaction in life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the QOL of People with Epilepsy (PWE) in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Methods In this study, 100 patients were randomly selected. After confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy by neurologists and fulfilling the entrance criteria, patients completed the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31) questionnaire. Finally, data was analyzed statistically by SPSS software. Results The study sample comprised 100 PWE, aged 18–74 years (34 ± 13), of whom 58 (58%) were females. Tonic-colonic seizure was the most common (60%) type of seizure. The obtained score of each subscale and the range of the QOLIE-31 total score was 16.40–79.18 with the mean of 50 (SD = 16). The energy-fatigue subscale score was significantly higher in patients younger than 35 (p = 0.018). The data analysis showed that the seizure worry subscale was significantly higher in single patients (p = 0.04). Duration of epilepsy had a positive correlation with QOLIE-31 total score (p = 0.038), and a negative relationship with energy-fatigue subscale (p = 0.018). In contrast with previous studies, which reported the frequency of the epileptic episodes as the most important predictor of QOL, our results showed no significant correlation between the number of the episodes and overall QOL score (p = 0.063). However, the number of episodes was significantly correlated with emotional well-being and cognition subscales. Furthermore, the results indicated that poor QOL score is correlated with depressed mood. Conclusion In fact, the ultimate and preferred outcome of all treatments and care interventions is the patient’s QOL. Thus, improvement of the QOL by means of obtaining more information about its contributing factors, in PWE should be one of the main goals in the patients’ treatment.

scholarly journals Transformed Canine and Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Model for Sarcoma with Complex Genomics

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Natasja Franceschini ◽  
Bas Verbruggen ◽  
Marianna A. Tryfonidou ◽  
Alwine B. Kruisselbrink ◽  
Hans Baelde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Spontaneous Transformation ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Gains And Losses

Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumors with a broad histological spectrum, but they can be divided into two groups based on molecular pathology: sarcomas with simple or complex genomics. Tumors with complex genomics can have aneuploidy and copy number gains and losses, which hampers the detection of early, initiating events in tumorigenesis. Often, no benign precursors are known, which is why good models are essential. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is the presumed cell of origin of sarcoma. In this study, MSCs of murine and canine origin are used as a model to identify driver events for sarcomas with complex genomic alterations as they transform spontaneously after long-term culture. All transformed murine but not canine MSCs formed sarcomas after subcutaneous injection in mice. Using whole genome sequencing, spontaneously transformed murine and canine MSCs displayed a complex karyotype with aneuploidy, point mutations, structural variants, inter-chromosomal translocations, and copy number gains and losses. Cross-species analysis revealed that point mutations in Tp53/Trp53 are common in transformed murine and canine MSCs. Murine MSCs with a cre-recombinase induced deletion of exon 2-10 of Trp53 transformed earlier compared to wild-type murine MSCs, confirming the contribution of loss of p53 to spontaneous transformation. Our comparative approach using transformed murine and canine MSCs points to a crucial role for p53 loss in the formation of sarcomas with complex genomics.

Career advancement or teacher development? Teachers’ perceptions of writing publications in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-318
Author(s):  
Jocelyn L.N. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Development ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Systematic Training

Purpose – Studies in teacher research have seldom discussed the effects of writing publications and teachers’ views on it. This paper aims to examine how teachers in China regard the purpose of writing up research papers and its impact on their professional practice. It also investigates facilitating factors in preparing and writing publications. Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative study which mainly analyses interview data gathered from 14 teachers, who have experience in writing publications, from three schools in Shanghai, China. Documentary analysis includes selected published journal papers and book chapters of the interviewees. Findings – Findings show that teachers perceive producing publications as serving both an instrumental purpose of career advancement and a developmental purpose of enhancing their individual professional competency which in turn improves the quality of the teaching profession through knowledge transfer and knowledge transportation. Research limitations/implications – Contributing factors to help teachers to write include the provision of systematic training courses for teachers and the development of network and research partners. Originality/value – Findings of this study help school leaders and teacher educators better their understanding of improving the quality of practice of teachers through equipping them with a “stance of inquiry”. Findings suggest ways to provide relevant support to enhance the writing capacity of teachers. More importantly, a revision of the existing teacher promotion system may make the practice of writing publications of more direct value to teachers’ daily practice.

What Implementation Components Predict Positive Outcomes in a Parenting Program?

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Míriam Álvarez ◽  
María José Rodrigo ◽  
Sonia Byrne
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Participant Responsiveness ◽  
Program Adherence ◽  
Quality Of Delivery

Objectives: To examine the components affecting the quality of the implementation and their impact on the outcomes of the “Growing Up Happily in the Family” program targeted at parents with children aged 0–5. Method: At-risk and non-at-risk parents ( N = 196) participated in 26 groups in local social services. Adherence, adaptations, quality of delivery, group and participant responsiveness, and implementation barriers were examined as predictors of attendance rate and changes in parental child-rearing attitudes, parental sense of competence, and parenting stress using hierarchical linear regressions analyses. Results: Greater participant responsiveness and fewer implementation barriers predicted higher attendance rates. These implementation variables, as well as greater program adherence, fewer crucial adaptations, and better didactic functioning of the sessions, predicted positive parental changes. Conclusions: The level of implementation contributes to the program effectiveness, suggesting the need to provide a high-quality and well-coordinated implementation to achieve the intended program outcomes in child welfare populations.

Subtitle Translation Strategies of Dish Name in the Chinese Documentary-A Bite of China 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Qi ◽  
◽  
Ang Lay Hoon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Cultural Ideology ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Chinese Films

With the implementation of “go globally” strategy of Chinese culture, a large number of Chinese films and TV programs have been produced to go abroad. As a medium and carrier of cultural communication, the quality of documentary subtitle translation determines whether Chinese culture can be appropriately disseminated or not. This paper aims to investigate the translation strategies of culture-specific items with special focus on name of dishes. The object of study in this paper is A Bite of China 1 produced by CCTV in 2012, which is not only about Chinese foods but also geography, local customs and dietary habit. Firstly, by using comparative approach, the linguistic characteristics are discussed to identify the similarities and differences between source and translated dish names. Then the translation strategies for dish name are examined. Next, such factors affecting translation strategies as cultural ideology is analyzed. The objective of this paper is to study what translation strategies are possibly adopted when translating Chinese dish name into English in the documentary. The findings show that in the process of dish name translation of Chinese documentaries, domestication and foreignization are two frequently used strategies which is complementary to each other.

Making The Polis: Social Forums and Democracy in The Global Justice Movement

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Porta
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Global Justice Movement ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Organizational Demands ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
The Cost

The debate on deliberative democracy could open a fruitful perspective for research on social movement conceptions and practices of democracy. This article reports a pilot study of the values and norms that guide the global justice movement's organizational choices based upon focus groups and in-depth interviews with participants in various Italian social forums. Deliberative democracy, which emphasizes participation and the quality of communication, is particularly relevant for a multifaceted, heterogeneous movement that incorporates many social, generational, and ideological groups as well as movement organizations from different countries. The global justice movement—a "movement of movements" according to some activists—comprises a dense network of movement organizations, often the product of previous protest cycles. It builds upon past experiences of organizational institutionalization, but also upon reflexive criticisms of it. These networks of networks provide important resources, but also pose challenges for participation and internal communication. The activists in our study addressed these challenges by building an organizational culture that stressed diversity rather than homogeneity; subjectivity, rather than obedience to organizational demands; transparency, even at the cost of effectiveness; open confrontations oriented to consensus building over efficient decision making; and "ideological contamination" rather than dogmatism. Traditional participatory models of democracy are bridged with concerns for good communication and deliberation.

scholarly journals Community-acquired pneumonia in children – problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
V. K. Tatochenko
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infiltrate ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Unclear Etiology ◽  
High Level

Pneumonia in children remains one of the most serious diseases. Despite intensive study, the diagnosis and treatment still present a variety of problems. The article is aimed to identify these problems and show the ways of their solution.One of the criteria for the diagnosis of pneumonia is pulmonary infiltrate on the X-ray image. Community-acquired pneumonia is often caused by Pneumococci and mycoplasma; respiratory viruses, influenza usually serve as contributing factors for bacterial infection. The high level of hyperand underdiagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia is associated with its similarity with ARVI; the registration of general violations (signs of the severity of the disease) improves the quality of diagnosis. The clinical and radiological picture helps to distinguish pneumococcal pneumonia from pneumonia caused by mycoplasma. To improve the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, it is necessary to study inflammation markers during the first examination of the patient, which is impossible in the conditions of home care. Due to the growth of resistance of pneumococci to macrolides a community-acquired pneumonia of pneumococcal (and unclear) etiology requires the use of amoxicillin in high doses and macrolides (in case of atypical pneumonia). Gentle therapy of destructive pneumonia, steroids for metapneumonic pleurisy allow avoiding invasive interventions and help to repair lung tissue.

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