scholarly journals Administrative Data as a Novel Source of Information on Postal Drug Delivery in Scotland: A Spatial Analysis of Illegal Consignment Seizure Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Matthews ◽  
Ben Collier ◽  
Susan McVie ◽  
Chris Dibben
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Source Of Information

Since the development of cryptomarkets, researchers have been interested in the effects of these platforms on the 'cyber geography' of the drugs market. To understand these effects researchers have often focused on national or continent-level drugs flows inferred from data scraped from cryptomarket vendor listings. In this paper we demonstrate the value of administrative data as a complementary data source to understand the intra-national aspect of the supply of drugs through cryptomarkets. We use data from a UK law-enforcement agency to analyse the geographical distribution of drugs packages that were identified being delivered into Scotland in the post. We linked these data to information on neighbourhood deprivation to understand the characteristics of places to which packages were addressed and found that packages were, on average, more likely to be delivered both to deprived, urban areas and remote island localities. We contend that these results provide evidence that cryptomarkets have affected drug markets in remote island communities in the same way as legal e-commerce sites affected the markets for consumer goods. This further suggests that the spatial transformation of local drug dealing patterns by global cryptomarkets is in fact experienced differently in different places and geographies.

Organizational commitment among sheriffs’ deputies during the shift to community-oriented policing

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Michael Perez ◽  
Max Bromley ◽  
John Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Job Related Stress

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the environment in which law enforcement officers operate is a main source of their job satisfaction, which is related to their overall work performance. In this line of research, a recent study by Johnson (2015) examined the organizational, job, and officer characteristics that may predict a police officer’s organizational commitment. Design/methodology/approach The current study replicates and extends the analyses performed in that study using an alternative data source to understand the influence of these measures on sheriff deputies’ organizational commitment during their organization’s shift to community-oriented policing. Findings Our results, while similar to those of Johnson (2015), revealed some unique findings. For example, in the current analyses, several organizational- and job- factors were significantly associated with deputies’ commitment to the sheriffs’ office. Specifically, deputies who report receiving higher supervisor feedback, higher peer cohesion, higher job variety and autonomy, and lower job-related stress were more highly committed to their law enforcement agency. Practical implications Key implications emerge for police administrators aspiring to influence employee organizational commitment during major agency shifts. Originality/value Overall, the present paper largely supports and progresses the findings of Johnson (2015) by extending them to sheriffs’ deputies, who are still largely underrepresented in policing research, and to an agency undergoing a dramatic organizational change. As such, the present study represents an important next step in understanding the factors that influence organizational commitment in law enforcement organizations.

OPERATIVE-SEARCH MONITORING THE INTERNET AS AN ELEMENT OF COUNTERING CRIMES OF EXTREMIST DIRECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Kutuzov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
Source Of Information

The article substantiates the need to use Internet monitoring as a priority source of information in countering extremism. Various approaches to understanding the defi nition of the category of «operational search», «law enforcement» monitoring of the Internet are analysed, the theoretical development of the implementation of this category in the science of operational search is investigated. The goals and subjects of law enforcement monitoring are identifi ed. The main attention is paid to the legal basis for the use of Internet monitoring in the detection and investigation of extremist crimes. In the course of the study hermeneutic, formal-logical, logical-legal and comparative-legal methods were employed, which were used both individually and collectively in the analysis of legal norms, achievements of science and practice, and development of proposals to refi ne the conduct of operational-search measures on the Internet when solving extremist crimes. The author’s defi nition of «operational-search monitoring» of the Internet is provided. Proposals have been made to improve the activities of police units when conducting monitoring of the Internet in the context of the search for relevant information to the disclosure and investigation of crimes of that category.

scholarly journals P89 Patient reported comorbidity is not a reliable data source: a systematic review of the literature

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Mun Alice Lin ◽  
Alexander Orman ◽  
Nicholas D Clement ◽  
David J Deehan ◽  
Chung M A Lin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Operative Assessment ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Introduction There is currently an increased demand for elective orthopaedic surgery. However, due to the ever-growing financial, time and resource limitations, there is a pressing need to identify those who would benefit most from surgery but with the lowest risk of complications. Comorbidities are a fundamental factor in this decision and the traditional way to ascertain this is through medical record data abstraction during pre-operative assessment. However, this can be time consuming and expensive. We therefore set out to establish whether patient reported comorbidities are reliable as a principal source of information. Method Searches were performed on PubMed and Medline, and citations independently screened. Included studies were published between 2010 to 2020 assessing the reliability of at least one patient reported comorbidity against their medical record or clinical assessment as gold standard. Cohen’s kappa coefficient values were grouped into systems and a meta-analysis performed comparing the reliability between studies. Results Meta-analysis data showed poor-to-moderate reliability for diseases in cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurological and respiratory systems as well as for malignancy and depression. Endocrine diseases showed good-to-excellent reliability. Factors found to affect the concordance included sex, age, ethnicity, education, living alone, marital status, number or severity of comorbidities, mental health and disability. Conclusion Our study showed poor-to-moderate reliability for all systems except endocrine, consisting of thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus, which demonstrated good-to-excellent reliability. Although patient reported data is useful and can facilitate a complete pre-operative overview of the patient, it is not reliable enough to be used as a standalone measure.

Do New Chiefs Mean Fresh Perspectives? The Institutionalization of the Police Executive Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110067
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Matusiak
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Time Periods

Research suggests policing is a highly institutionalized field. Limited attention has been paid, however, to the institutionalization of leaders’ views. Assessing turnover in 71 Texas police organizations between October, 2011, and July, 2015, this research evaluates whether there is consistency (i.e., institutional homogenization) after turnover in chiefs’ perceptions of their environments and agency priorities. The research is unique in that it assesses two chiefs’ perceptions that have both led the same law enforcement agency in successive time periods. Assessments of environment and priorities from former chiefs and those replacing them are evaluated utilizing descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods. These assessments are also compared with a control group of chiefs from agencies not experiencing turnover. Bivariate results suggest little variation across current and former chiefs, whereas ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models suggest differing relationships across chiefs groups between environmental perceptions and agency priorities. Discussion of the findings is framed by institutional theory.

Medicaid Not Required to Fund Medically Necessary Abortions

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
George J. Annas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Constitution ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Joint Resolution

In an extraordinary and highly controversial 5-4 decision, the United States Supreme Court decided on June 30, 1980, that the United States Constitution does not require either the federal government or the individual states to fund medically necessary abortions for poor women who qualify for Medicaid.At issue in this case is the constitutionality of the Hyde Amendment. The applicable 1980 version provides:|N]one of the funds provided by this joint resolution shall be used to perform abortions except where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term; or except for such medical procedures necessary for the victims of rape or incest when such rape or incest has been reported promptly to a law enforcement agency or public health service, (emphasis supplied)

scholarly journals The Cadastre as a Source for the Analysis of Urbanization Dynamics. Applications in Urban Areas of Medium-Sized Inland Spanish Cities

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Irene Sánchez Ondoño ◽  
Francisco Cebrián Abellán ◽  
Juan Antonio Garcia-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Database Management ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
Source Of Information

This article presents a methodological proposal using the cadastre as a tool to analyze urbanization dynamics. It is backed by an in-depth review of the related literature concerning Spain and Mediterranean Europe. The work uses the cadastre as a source of information, specifically leveraging the urban parcels and real estate obtained from the CAT files. After the data were collected, interpreted and organized, complementary statistical and cartographic methodologies and tools were used, together with the required database management. The goal of the study was to analyze the behavior of five intermediate cities and their urban areas, with the aim of comparing the construction dynamics between the cities and the municipalities located in their respective areas of influence in the period 2000–2016. The work is framed within the debate on urban sprawl, sustainability and the need for tools for town and regional planning. The main conclusion of the work reflects the necessity of a better understanding of the processes of transformation in cities, in which the use of cadastral data is key, given its reliability and updated information, despite the difficulty involved in accessing the data structure.

Alcoholism and Law Enforcement

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Borkenstein
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
General Law ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency

The responsibility of the progressive law enforcement agency is to gain compliance with laws that promote harmony in society. Alcohol tends ,to alter the attitudes of otherwise law-abiding citizens so that there is a high correlation between the excessive use of alcohol and antisocial behavior. Laws in the criminal code dealing with alcohol fall roughly into four categories—those dealing directly with public safety, those that reflect moral at titudes, those reflecting the attitudes of loud minorities, and those dealing with the licensing, revenue, or sale of alcoholic beverages. From the standpoint of the general law enforcement agency, the only laws worthy of energetic enforcement are those dealing with public safety. The others are usually enforced by agencies with special and limited jurisdiction.

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