scholarly journals Green-Blue Spaces and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Data Linkage Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A Thompson ◽  
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen ◽  
James White ◽  
Rebecca Lovell ◽  
Mathew White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Sector Data

IntroductionA growing evidence base indicates health benefits are associated with access to green-blue spaces (GBS), such as beaches and parks. However, few studies have examined associations with changes in access to GBS over time. Objectives and ApproachWe have linked cross-sector data collected within Wales, United Kingdom, quarterly from 2008 to 2019, to examine the impact of GBS access on individual-level well-being and common mental health disorders (CMD). We created a longitudinal dataset of GBS access metrics, derived from satellite and administrative data sources, for 1.4 million homes in Wales. These household-level metrics were linked to individuals using the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Linkage to Welsh Longitudinal General Practice data within SAIL enabled us to identify individual-level CMD over time. We also linked individual-level self-reported GBS use and well-being data from the National Survey for Wales (NSW) to routine data for cross-sectional survey participants. ResultsWe created a longitudinal cohort panel capturing all 2.84 million adults aged 16+ living in Wales between 2008 and 2019 and with a general practitioner (GP) registration. Individual-level health data and household-level environmental metrics were linked for each quarter an individual is in the study. Household addresses were linked to 97% of the cohort, creating 110+ million rows of anonymously linked cross-sector data. The cohort provides an average follow-up period of 8 years, during which 565,168 (20%) adults received at least one CMD diagnosis or symptom. Conclusion / ImplicationsThis example of multi-sectoral data linkage across multiple environmental and administrative data sources has created a rich data source, which we will use toquantify the impact of changes in GBS access on individual–level CMD and well-being. This evidence will inform policy in the areas of health, planning and the environment.

scholarly journals Longitudinal access and exposure to green-blue spaces and individual-level mental health and well-being: protocol for a longitudinal, population-wide record-linked natural experiment

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Mizen ◽  
Jiao Song ◽  
Richard Fry ◽  
Ashley Akbari ◽  
Damon Berridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionStudies suggest that access and exposure to green-blue spaces (GBS) have beneficial impacts on mental health. However, the evidence base is limited with respect to longitudinal studies. The main aim of this longitudinal, population-wide, record-linked natural experiment, is to model the daily lived experience by linking GBS accessibility indices, residential GBS exposure and health data; to enable quantification of the impact of GBS on well-being and common mental health disorders, for a national population.Methods and analysisThis research will estimate the impact of neighbourhood GBS access, GBS exposure and visits to GBS on the risk of common mental health conditions and the opportunity for promoting subjective well-being (SWB); both key priorities for public health. We will use a Geographic Information System (GIS) to create quarterly household GBS accessibility indices and GBS exposure using digital map and satellite data for 1.4 million homes in Wales, UK (2008–2018). We will link the GBS accessibility indices and GBS exposures to individual-level mental health outcomes for 1.7 million people with general practitioner (GP) data and data from the National Survey for Wales (n=~12 000) on well-being in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We will examine if these associations are modified by multiple sociophysical variables, migration and socioeconomic disadvantage. Subgroup analyses will examine associations by different types of GBS. This longitudinal study will be augmented by cross-sectional research using survey data on self-reported visits to GBS and SWB.Ethics and disseminationAll data will be anonymised and linked within the privacy protecting SAIL Databank. We will be using anonymised data and therefore we are exempt from National Research Ethics Committee (NREC). An Information Governance Review Panel (IGRP) application (Project ID: 0562) to link these data has been approved.The research programme will be undertaken in close collaboration with public/patient involvement groups. A multistrategy programme of dissemination is planned with the academic community, policy-makers, practitioners and the public.

scholarly journals Environmental Stressors: The Mental Health Impacts of Living Near Industrial Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Downey ◽  
Marieke Van Willigen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Toxic Release Inventory ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

A growing literature examines whether the poor, the working class, and people of color are disproportionately likely to live in environmentally hazardous neighborhoods. This literature assumes that environmental characteristics such as industrial pollution and hazardous waste are detrimental to human health, an assumption that has not been well tested. Drawing upon the sociology of mental health and environmental inequality studies, we ask whether industrial activity has an impact on psychological well-being. We link individual-level survey data with data from the U.S. Census and the Toxic Release Inventory and find that residential proximity to industrial activity has a negative impact on mental health. This impact is both direct and mediated by individuals' perceptions of neighborhood disorder and personal powerlessness, and the impact is greater for minorities and the poor than it is for whites and wealthier individuals. These results suggest that public health officials need to take seriously the mental health impacts of living near industrial facilities.

Health and Voting in Young Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ojeda ◽  
Julianna Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Do changes in health lead to changes in the probability of voting? Using two longitudinal datasets, this article looks at the impact of three measures of health – physical health, mental health and overall well-being – on voting trajectories in young adulthood. The results show that self-rated health is associated with a lower probability of voting in one’s first election, depression is related to a decline in turnout over time and physical limitations are unrelated to voting. Some familial resources from childhood are also found to condition when the health–participation effect manifests.

Usefulness of the SF-36 Health Survey in Measuring Health Outcomes in the Depressed Elderly

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Beusterien ◽  
Bruce Steinwald ◽  
John E. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Over Time

Longitudinal data from a clinical trial were analyzed to evaluate the usefulness of the SF-36 Health Survey in estimating the impact of depression and changes in severity over time on the functional health and well-being of 532 patients, 60 to 86 years of age, who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Clinician's Global Impression of Severity and Improvement, and the Geriatric Depression Scale were used to define clinical severity and changes in severity over a 6-week period. Answers to SF-36 questions tended to be complete and to satisfy assumptions underlying methods of scale construction and scoring. As hypothesized, the SF-36 Mental Health Scale and Mental Component Summary measure, shown in previous studies to be most valid in measuring differences in mental health, exhibited the strongest associations with severity of depression in cross-sectional analyses and were most responsive to changes in severity in longitudinal comparisons. We conclude that the SF-36 Health Survey is useful for estimating the burden of depression and in monitoring changes in functional health and well-being over time among the depressed elderly.

scholarly journals Comparison of the estimated prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders in Canada between self-report and administrative data

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O'Donnell ◽  
S. Vanderloo ◽  
L. McRae ◽  
J. Onysko ◽  
S. B. Patten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Over Time

Background.To compare trends in the estimated prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders identified from two data sources (self-report and administrative). Reviewing, synthesising and interpreting data from these two sources will help identify potential factors that underlie the observed estimates and inform public health action.Method.We used self-reported, diagnosed mood and/or anxiety disorder cases from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) across a 5-year span (from 2003 to 2009) to estimate the prevalence among the Canadian population aged ≥15 years. We also estimated the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders using the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS), which identified cases using ICD-9/-10-CA codes from physician billing claims and hospital discharge records during the same time period. The prevalence rates for mood and/or anxiety disorders were compared across the CCHS and CCDSS by age and sex for all available years of data from 2003 to 2009. Summary rates were age-standardised to the Canadian population as of 1 October 1991.Results.In 2009, the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders was 9.4% using self-reported data v. 11.3% using administrative data. Prevalence rates obtained from administrative data were consistently higher than those from self-report for both men and women. However, due to an increase in the prevalence of self-reported cases, these differences decreased over time (rate ratios for both sexes: 1.6–1.2). Prevalence estimates were consistently higher among females compared with males irrespective of data source. While differences in the prevalence estimates between the two data sources were evident across all age groups, the reduction of these differences was greater among adolescent, young and middle-aged adults compared with those 70 years and older.Conclusions.The overall narrowing of differences over time reflects a convergence of information regarding the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders trends between self-report and administrative data sources. While the administrative data-based prevalences remained relatively stable, the self-reported prevalences increased over time. These observations may reflect positive societal changes in the perceptions of mental health (declining stigma) and/or increasing mental health literacy. Additional research using non-ecological data is required to further our understanding of the observed findings and trends, including a data linkage exercise permitting a comparison of prevalence estimates and population characteristics from these two data sources both separately and merged.

scholarly journals Co-producing a typology for Green and Blue spaces for a longitudinal, national dataset of Green and Blue spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Mizen ◽  
Richard Fry ◽  
Ben Wheeler ◽  
Sarah Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
The Impact

Background with rationaleSpending time in green-blue spaces (GBS) is beneficial for mental health and wellbeing. There are few longitudinal studies, and definitions of GBS differ within academic studies and between policy, practice and research. Main AimQuantify the impact of longitudinal exposure to GBS on wellbeing and common mental health disorders, for a national population (2008-2018) for use in a population-wide natural experiment. MethodsWe co-produced a GBS typology with planners and policy makers at a day-long workshop using validated public participation methods. Using this typology, we built a national, longitudinal GBS dataset created from local government audits and satellite data for 1.4 million homes in Wales, UK. Results produced a nested national typology to define GBS that built on previous academic literature and considered policy and local government planning priorities. The typology differentiated between inland and coastal GBS and facilities available at the GBS e.g. benches, public toilets etc. We created a national, longitudinal dataset of GBS and a cross-sectional dataset of household-level access to GBS for 2018. Access to GBS varied by socio-economic status, urban/rural classification and type of GBS. ConclusionWe worked with policy and planners to produce a typology that will enable us to translate our findings to be used in evidence based policy and planning. We will use the dataset to create quarterly household access to GBS for eleven years (2008-2018). We will link GBS access scores to individual level mental health for 1.7 million people with primary care data and survey data (n = ~12,000) on wellbeing. The results from the wider study will inform the planning and management of GBS in urban and rural environments and contribute to international work on impacts of the built environment on mental health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Impact of Sexual Orientation on Longitudinal Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 900-900
Author(s):  
Anna Thompson ◽  
Britney Wardecker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Research suggests that mental health and well-being improve as we age, and this trend is dubbed “the paradox of aging” (Charles & Carstensen, 2010). However, little is known about whether this trend happens for individuals who may experience lifelong disadvantage, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. We used data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) to examine lesbian/gay, bisexual, and heterosexual adults’ changes in depression from 1995 to 2014. Participants identified as lesbian/gay (n = 46), bisexual (n = 37), and heterosexual (n = 3030) and 45.1% identified as female. Participants’ ages ranged from 20-74 years (M = 45.61, SD = 11.41) in 1995 and 39-93 years (M = 63.64, SD = 11.35) in 2014. We analyzed our data using a repeated measures ANOVA and our results indicate that depression decreased on average from 1995 to 2014 for heterosexual [Wilk’s Lamda = .996, F (1, 3029) = 12.23, p < .001] and lesbian/gay adults [Wilk’s Lamda = .848, F (1, 45) = 8.08, p = .007]. However, bisexual adults did not experience this decrease in depression [Wilk’s Lamda = .990, F (1, 36) = 0.36, p = .550] and their depression remained relatively stable. Our results are consistent with previous studies that indicate bisexuals experience poorer mental health when compared to lesbian/gay and heterosexual adults (Bostwick, Hughes, & Everett, 2015). The current research highlights depression as a condition that may not decrease universally over time. We discuss implications for bisexuals’ health and well-being.

scholarly journals How commuting affects subjective wellbeing

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2777-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Clark ◽  
Kiron Chatterjee ◽  
Adam Martin ◽  
Adrian Davis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Commuting between home and work is routinely performed by workers and any wellbeing impacts of commuting will consequently affect a large proportion of the population. This paper presents findings from analyses of the impact of commuting (time and mode) on multiple aspects of Subjective Well-Being (SWB), including: satisfaction with life overall and the SWB sub-domains of job satisfaction, satisfaction with leisure time availability and self-reported health. Measures of strain and mental health (GHQ-12) are also examined. Six waves of individual-level panel data from Understanding Society (2009/10 to 2014/15) are analysed, providing a sample of over 26,000 workers living in England. Associations between commuting and SWB are identified, paying particular attention to those arising from individual changes in commuting circumstances over the six waves. It is found that longer commute times are associated with lower job and leisure time satisfaction, increased strain and poorer mental health. The strongest association is found for leisure time satisfaction. Despite these negative associations with the SWB sub-domains, longer commute times were not associated with lower overall life satisfaction (except where individuals persisted with them over all six waves). Workers in England appear to be successful in balancing the negative aspects of commuting against the wider benefits, e.g. access to employment, earnings and housing. Differences amongst selected population sub-groups are also examined. The job satisfaction of younger adults and lower income groups are not found to be negatively associated with longer commute times; longer commute times are more strongly negatively associated with the job satisfaction of women compared to men. With respect to mode of transport, walking to work is associated with increased leisure time satisfaction and reduced strain. The absence of the commute, via working from home, is associated with increased job satisfaction and leisure time satisfaction. Overall, the study indicates that shorter commute times and walkable commutes can contribute to improved SWB—particularly through the release of leisure time. But life satisfaction overall will only be maintained if the benefits of undertaking the commute (earnings and satisfactory housing/employment) are not compromised.

scholarly journals The impact on health inequalities of approaches to community engagement in the New Deal for Communities regeneration initiative: a mixed-methods evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Popay ◽  
Margaret Whitehead ◽  
Roy Carr-Hill ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Paul Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Type D ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness ◽  
Instrumental Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundThis study was set in 39 neighbourhoods involved in a government-funded regeneration programme called New Deal for Communities (NDC) that began in 1998. We tested whether or not different approaches to engage residents in decision-making in these areas had different social and health impacts.MethodsFirst, NDC approaches to community engagement (CE) were grouped into four types. We then assessed the impact of these types and whether or not their cost-effectiveness could be calculated. We used existing data from surveys and from NHS and government sources. New data were collected from interviews with residents of NDC areas and former staff. We have also made these data publicly available so that other researchers can assess impacts over a longer time period.ResultsThe four CE types included an empowering resident-led approach (type A), in which residents had a lot of control over decisions, and an instrumental professional-led approach (type D), in which CE was more often used to promote the priorities of public sector organisations. Type B was initially empowering but over time became instrumental and type C balanced empowerment and instrumental approaches from the beginning. There were few statistically significant differences in health and social impacts by CE type. However, when there were statistically significant differences, the results suggest that type A, and to a lesser extent, types B and C approaches may have had better outcomes than the type D approach in relation to levels of participation and trust between residents, control or influence over decisions, social cohesion and mental health. NDC areas with a type D approach were the only ones where residents’ ‘sense of control’ deteriorated over time. Residents of these areas were less likely to feel that the NDC had improved their area and to experience improvements in mental health. However, some aspects of cohesion and trust improved in type D areas. The findings of our economic analyses are mixed. It was difficult to cost engagement activities, measures of effectiveness were not robust and relating costs that could be calculated to specific measures of effectiveness was difficult. There were almost as many negative as positive scores, making the calculation of cost-effectiveness an arbitrary exercise.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with a theory that the greater the levels of control that residents have over decisions affecting their lives the more likely there are to be positive impacts. It is plausible that an empowerment approach to CE would help build trust and community cohesion, and that having a greater influence over NDC decisions could lead to more people feeling that the NDC initiative had improved an area. Conversely, our results are also consistent with a theoretical position which suggests that instrumental approaches, which try to engage residents in agendas that are not theirs, will have relatively little positive impact and that community cohesion and well-being may be undermined. The study has not produced firm evidence on the effectiveness of different approaches to CE. However, the findings do suggest that programmes involving CE will be more likely to have positive impacts if the approaches to CE are experienced as more empowering and less instrumental (i.e. less focused on the agendas of external agencies). Future methodological research is needed to develop better measures of empowerment at the collective level and more robust approaches to empowerment on health and well-being at the population level.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

The impact of shift work on sleep and mental health – a review of the literature and a look ahead

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Meta Lavrič ◽  
Vita Štukovnik
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact

Providing continuous coverage of key services, shift work is a necessity of the modern world. It varies according to the number and length of the shifts and according to scheduling patterns. However, it is common to all forms that they ensure the smooth running of a particular service with the 24-hour presence of staff. This means that working time partly or completely overlaps with night sleep, causing an imbalance between circadian rhythms and the requirements of the environment. Aforesaid imbalance has a negative effect on sleep and can lead to sleep disorders, which in turn cause mental health problems. In addition, the development of unhealthy behaviours developed by shift workers to manage their working hours (especially night work) and the inconsistency of their working hours with those of the general population also lead to poorer mental health, lower quality of social life and family conflicts. However, since shift work cannot be completely eliminated, it is necessary to consider designing the measures to reduce the negative impact of shift work on the mental health and well-being of workers, both at the individual level, as well as at the level of working organisations. Some of the key measures are presented in the article.

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