Burden of Hepatitis B Infection among High Risk Populations in Western Kenya

Hepatitis delta virus, discovered in 1977, requires the help of hepatitis B virus to replicate in hepatocytes and is an important cause of acute, fulminant, and chronic liver disease in many regions of the world. Because of the helper function of hepatitis delta virus, infection with it occurs either as a coinfection with hepatitis B or as a superinfection of a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen. Although the mechanisms of transmission are similar to those of hepatitis B virus, the patterns of transmission of delta virus vary widely around the world. In regions of the world in which hepatitis delta virus infection is not endemic, the disease is confined to groups at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection and high-risk hepatitis B carriers. Because of the propensity of this viral infection to cause fulminant as well as chronic liver disease, continued incursion of hepatitis delta virus into areas of the world where persistent hepatitis B infection is endemic will have serious implications. Prevention depends on the widespread use of hepatitis B vaccine. This review focuses on the molecular biology and the clinical and epidemiologic features of this important viral infection.

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P1-516 High risk behaviours and its association with hepatitis b infection among Malaysian antenatal mothers

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech.2011.142976h.4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A209-A210

Author(s):

K. Shamsuddin ◽

L. Z. Marmuji ◽

Z. A. Mahdy ◽

M. A. Kamaluddin

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Infection ◽

Risk Behaviours

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Assessment of hepatitis B in high risk people of Gachsaran city, Iran

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170631 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 888

Author(s):

Mona Khajavian ◽

Asghar Sharifi

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Drug Users ◽

Educational Status ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

History Of ◽

High Risk Populations

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem throughout the world. The aim of this study determines the rate of prevalence of molecular and Seroepidemiological hepatitis B infections high risk populations in the Gachsaran city, according to factors such as age, sex, employment status, educational status etc.Methods: In a descriptive and analytical study, blood samples have been collected from 500 high risks individuals, from February 2015 to July 2016 in Gachsaran. The serum samples were tested by ELISA and PCR method was used to confirm the diagnosis. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program.Results: HBsAg was detected in 5 out of the 500 individuals, giving an overall prevalence of 1%. All the positive samples were in males. The rate of infection among the individuals with a history of unprotected sexual contact was 8% and was 0% among the individuals who experienced a needle stick. Four out of the five infected persons with hepatitis didn’t receive any vaccination and one of them received only one dose of vaccine.Conclusions: The results showed 1% infection at high-risk groups in the Gachsaran city. Age rising, maleness, unemployment, low educational level and suspicies sexual partners have been the factors of increasing HBV infection prevalence. Full vaccination has a strong and meaningful relationship with hepatitis B in the target groups, which requires all people at risk to be vaccinated completely. Government cooperation to identify and treat injecting drug users and encourage them to follow the preventive methods is beneficial.

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Hepatitis B Infection and Vaccination Among High-Risk Noninjection Drug-Using Women: Baseline Data From the UNITY Study

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.1097/olq.0b013e3180ca8f12 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (11) ◽

pp. 917-922 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Beryl A. Koblin ◽

Guozhen Xu ◽

Debbie Lucy ◽

Verna Robertson ◽

Sebastian Bonner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Baseline Data ◽

Hepatitis B Infection ◽

Noninjection Drug

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs and other high risk groups in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173834 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 3306 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arup Roy ◽

Praveen Sh ◽

Kh Sulochana Devi ◽

Paotinlal Haokip ◽

Gracy Laldinmawii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

High Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Unprotected Sex ◽

Current Status ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Care Hospital ◽

High Risk Populations

Background: Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem affecting billions of people globally. The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are blood borne pathogens, frequently causing deaths among general and various high risk populations. This study was carried out with the aim to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in people who inject drugs (PWID) and other risk groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in the Dept. of Microbiology, RIMS, Imphal from October 2014 to September 2016. 103 high risk individuals, including PWID, spouse of high risk people, unprotected sex with female sex worker (FSW), multiple partners (MP), men having sex with men (MSM) and needle prick injuries were included in this study. Serum samples were tested using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Out of 103 cases, 87.4% were males and 12.6% females. PWID comprised of 49.5%. Seroprevalence of HBV was 17.4%, anti HBc IgG 16.5% and anti HBc IgM 0.9%. Seroprevalence of HCV was 41.7%, anti HCV IgG 39.8% and anti HCV IgM 1.9%. The rate of HBV and HCV coinfection was 9.7%. Among the PWID seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was 17.6% and 64.7% respectively. Conclusions: This study determines the current status of acute and chronic infection with HBV and HCV in high risk populations. Anti HBc IgG & IgM and anti HCV IgG and IgM are sensitive epidemiological markers to determine the burden of the disease.

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Hepatitis B Immunization in Infants of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Negative Mothers

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.92.5.717 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 717-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GAETANO CHIRICO ◽

CESARE BELLONI ◽

ANTONELLA GASPARONI ◽

ROSA MARIA CERBO ◽

GIORGIO RONDINI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

High Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

The United States ◽

American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽

B Virus ◽

Selective Strategy ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Vaccine Availability

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Infectious Diseases and the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee of the Centers for Disease Control have recently pointed out that the selective strategy of immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV) of high-risk populations has not resulted in the limitation of the diffusion of the disease. In fact, in spite of vaccine availability for more than 10 years, about 200 000 to 300 000 new cases of infection occur in the United States each year. Therefore, the AAP recommended the "universal hepatitis B immunization" strategy as a means to control the disease.1,2 In Italy, where about 400 000 new cases of infection are expected each year, the vaccination has been extended to all newborns, regardless of mother's serologic status (and, for the first 12 years, to all 12-year-old adolescents), with a law promulgated in May 1991.

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