scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs and other high risk groups in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Roy ◽  
Praveen Sh ◽  
Kh Sulochana Devi ◽  
Paotinlal Haokip ◽  
Gracy Laldinmawii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
High Risk Populations

Background: Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem affecting billions of people globally. The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are blood borne pathogens, frequently causing deaths among general and various high risk populations. This study was carried out with the aim to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in people who inject drugs (PWID) and other risk groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in the Dept. of Microbiology, RIMS, Imphal from October 2014 to September 2016. 103 high risk individuals, including PWID, spouse of high risk people, unprotected sex with female sex worker (FSW), multiple partners (MP), men having sex with men (MSM) and needle prick injuries were included in this study. Serum samples were tested using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Out of 103 cases, 87.4% were males and 12.6% females. PWID comprised of 49.5%. Seroprevalence of HBV was 17.4%, anti HBc IgG 16.5% and anti HBc IgM 0.9%. Seroprevalence of HCV was 41.7%, anti HCV IgG 39.8% and anti HCV IgM 1.9%. The rate of HBV and HCV coinfection was 9.7%. Among the PWID seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was 17.6% and 64.7% respectively. Conclusions: This study determines the current status of acute and chronic infection with HBV and HCV in high risk populations. Anti HBc IgG & IgM and anti HCV IgG and IgM are sensitive epidemiological markers to determine the burden of the disease. 

scholarly journals Edukasi Kesehatan sebagai Upaya Preventif Penyakit Hepatitis B dan C pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Patricia Gita Naully ◽  
Perdina Nursidika
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAK Hepatitis B dan C dianggap paling berbahaya diantara jenis hepatitis yang lain karena keduanya dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit kronik, sering tanpa gejala, dan menyebabkan kematian. Salah satu upaya yang disarankan oleh WHO untuk mencegah peningkatan angka Hepatitis B dan C adalah melakukan kegiatan edukasi kesehatan bagi masyarakat, khususnya kelompok beresiko tinggi seperi Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan (WBP). Oleh sebab itu, kegiatan penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan WBP terkait penyebab, gejala, cara penularan, pencegahan, dan layanan kesehatan yang disediakan oleh pemerintah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas) Narkotika Kelas IIA Bandung dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 30 orang WBP. Penyuluhan dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis hasil kuesioner dan nilai tes para peserta. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil evaluasi membuktikan bahwa mayoritas WBP melakukan tindakan beresiko tinggi karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan informasi, namun setelah mendapatkan materi penyuluhan terlihat adanya peningkatan nilai tes pada seluruh peserta. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan WBP di Lapas Narkotika Kelas IIA Bandung terkait penyebab, gejala klinis, cara penularan, pencegahan, serta beberapa layanan kesehatan pemerintah untuk mencegah, mendiagnosa, serta mengobati penyakit Hepatitis B dan C.Kata Kunci: hepatitis B; hepatitis C; penyuluhan; lembaga pemasyarakatanABSTRACTHepatitis B and C are considered as the most dangerous hepatitis types compared to the other, because both can develop into chronic diseases, asymptomatic, and cause death. One of the methods suggested by WHO to prevent an increase of Hepatitis B and C numbers is to conduct health education activities for the community, especially for the high-risk groups such as prisoners (WBP). Therefore, the aim of this extension activity was to upgrade the WBP's knowledge regarding the disease causes, symptoms, transmission methods, prevention, and health services provided by the government. This activity was conducted in Bandung Narcotics Penitentiary class IIA, with 30 WBP participants. The extention was done by the lecture method. Then, the activity evaluation was done by analyzing of questionnaire results and participants' test-scores. Besides, the analysis technique used was descriptive analysis. The evaluation result proved that the majority of WBP taking the high-risk action due to the limited of knowledge and information, but there was a test-score increase for all participants after obtaining counseling materials. This activity was successful to improve the WBP's knowledge in Bandung Narcotics Penitentiary class IIA related to the causes, clinical symptoms, modes of transmission, prevention, and also some government health services to prevent, diagnose, and treat the Hepatitis B and C.Keywords : extension; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; prison.

scholarly journals Assessment of hepatitis B in high risk people of Gachsaran city, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Mona Khajavian ◽  
Asghar Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Risk Populations

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem throughout the world. The aim of this study determines the rate of prevalence of molecular and Seroepidemiological hepatitis B infections high risk populations in the Gachsaran city, according to factors such as age, sex, employment status, educational status etc.Methods: In a descriptive and analytical study, blood samples have been collected from 500 high risks individuals, from February 2015 to July 2016 in Gachsaran. The serum samples were tested by ELISA and PCR method was used to confirm the diagnosis. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program.Results: HBsAg was detected in 5 out of the 500 individuals, giving an overall prevalence of 1%. All the positive samples were in males. The rate of infection among the individuals with a history of unprotected sexual contact was 8% and was 0% among the individuals who experienced a needle stick. Four out of the five infected persons with hepatitis didn’t receive any vaccination and one of them received only one dose of vaccine.Conclusions: The results showed 1% infection at high-risk groups in the Gachsaran city. Age rising, maleness, unemployment, low educational level and suspicies sexual partners have been the factors of increasing HBV infection prevalence. Full vaccination has a strong and meaningful relationship with hepatitis B in the target groups, which requires all people at risk to be vaccinated completely. Government cooperation to identify and treat injecting drug users and encourage them to follow the preventive methods is beneficial.

scholarly journals A systematic review of outbreaks of bloodborne infections (hepatitis B and C, HIV) transmitted from patient to patient in healthcare settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
A. V. Sacuk ◽  
G. G. Solopova ◽  
A. A. Ploskireva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Bloodborne Infections

Healthcare facilities have always played an important role in transmission of bloodborne infections. Procedures involving blood and blood fluids pose a risk of transmitting hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV not only to healthcare workers, but also to patients. To assess the role of healthcare facilities in transmission of bloodborne infections and to identify risk groups among patients as well as transmission factors, a total of 75 outbreaks of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV have been analyzed with reference to the data published in different countries in 2008–2020. The comparative analysis was conducted for the outbreaks in the United States during 1992–2008 and 2008–2019. Most of the outbreaks of bloodborne infections at healthcare facilities were caused by non-adherence to standard precautions among healthcare workers: Reusing disposable items; improper handwashing; reusing gloves; non-disinfecting surfaces, reusable equipment and devices; non-sterilizing reusable instruments. In terms of bloodborne infections, high-risk facilities include hemodialysis centers, oncohematology clinics, outpatient clinics, nursing homes, residential care facilities, and diabetes treatment centers. High-risk groups include patients undergoing hemodialysis, oncohematological patients, and patients with diabetes. Diagnosis of bloodborne infections on a regular basis, hepatitis B vaccination among high-risk patients, investigation of outbreaks, adoption of rules and procedures combined with training and compliance control of healthcare workers contribute to solution of the problem associated with nosocomial transmission of bloodborne infections.

scholarly journals HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence Among High-Risk Populations in South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongadi Ramesh Dinesha ◽  
Jayaseelan Boobalan ◽  
Sathasivam Sivamalar ◽  
Sunil S. Solomon ◽  
Selvamuthu Poongulali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
South India ◽  
Virus Prevalence ◽  
B Virus ◽  
High Risk Populations

scholarly journals Prevelance ofHepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV Infections among People Who Inject Drugs- A Study from Tertiary Care Centre of Kashmir Valley, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Rasool Wani ◽  
Anjum Farhana ◽  
Danish Zahoor Pandith ◽  
Mohammad Maqbool Dar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Hiv 1

Introduction: Drug addiction one of the greatest challenges face across the glob. The parenterally transmitted viruses like Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) occur more frequently in this high-risk group of population as compared with the general population. Aim: To find the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in People Who Inject Drugs (PWIDs) attending a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir valley, India. Materials and Methods: A prospective descriptional study was conducted from October 2017 to October 2020 in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. Subjects included 200 (PWIDs) who voluntarily presented themselves at the drug clinic. Participants were tested for HBV, HCV and HIV infections. For HBV, surface antigen was detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), HCV was detected by HCV antibody test using ELISA and HIV was detected using combination of three rapid kits, COMBAIDS-RS ADVANTAGE ST, MERISCREEN HIV 1-2 WB and TREDRO HIV 1-2 Ab. Demographic data was collected from all the PWIDs. Results: Among 200 PWIDs,138 (69%) were in the age group of 16-25 years and none of them was more than 35 years of age. The mean age of PWIDs was 22.9 years. Out of 200, 20(10%) PWIDS had HCV antibodies, 7 (3.5%) were positive for HBV, and 1 (0.5%) had anti-HIV antibodies. A 73.5% of PWIDs belonged to urban Kashmir and majority of them (62.5%) were college going students. Conclusion: From present study, authors report a high prevalence of hepatitis C and B in PWIDs of Kashmir. It is also the fact that these figures are just the tip of the iceberg. Targeted intervention programs should make HBV/HCV testing, prevention and care more accessible for PWIDs.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis among High-Risk Individuals in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Azhari ◽  
Mathieu Picardeau ◽  
Imad Cherkaoui ◽  
Mohamed Anouar Sadat ◽  
Houda Moumni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Human Blood Samples

Background. Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonotic reemerging neglected infectious disease underreported in most developing countries. A cross-sectional study was performed between 17 and 23 February 2014 to estimate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among high-risk populations in Casablanca (Morocco). Methods. A total of 490 human serum samples (97.6% males) were collected in 3 high-risk occupational sites including the biggest meat slaughterhouse (n = 208), a poultry market (n = 121), and the fish market (n = 161). A total of 125 human blood samples were also collected from the general population and used in this study as a control group. To detect the presence of anti-Leptospira, sera were screened with in-house IgG and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive samples were tested by Microscopic Agglutination Technique (MAT) using a panel of 24 serovar cultures and cut point of 1 : 25. Results. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis among the control group was 10.4% (13/125). A high seropositivity among the overall seroprevalence of 24.1% (118/490) was observed in the high-risk groups of which 7.3% (36/490), 13.7% (67/490), and 3.1% (15/490) were for anti-Leptospira IgM, IgG, and both IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Most of the positive individuals were occupationally involved in poultry (37.2%), followed by the market fish (26.1%) and the meat slaughterhouse (14.9%) workers. Among all ELISA-positive serum samples, 20.3% (n = 24) had positive MAT responses, of which the Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 7) is the most common infecting serogroup followed by Javanica (4), Australis (2), and Sejroe, Mini, and Panama (one in each). In the remaining 8 MAT-positive sera, MAT showed equal titers against more than one serogroup. Conclusion. Individuals engaged in risk activities are often exposed to leptospiral infection. Therefore, control and prevention policies toward these populations are necessary.

Screening for Tuberculosis in Infants and Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Number Of Individuals

CURRENT STATUS OF INFECTION AND DISEASE In 1992 the reported number of cases of tuberculosis (TB) was increased to 26 673 in the United States, an increase of 1.5% from 1991. Although a decline of approximately 5% to 6% occurred from 1981 to 1984, during the period of 1985 to 1992 the number of reported cases increased by 20.1%. The largest increase in TB cases by age group occurred in the 25- to 44-year-old cohort (54.5% increase in 1985 to 1992), whereas cases increased 36.1% among children 0 to 4 years old and 34.1% among children 5 to 14 years old.1 This recent increase in the number of reported cases of tuberculosis and the changing epidemiology of this disease in children have necessitated a reevaluation of the appropriate use and type of skin test for the diagnosis.2 Within the general population there are groups at varying risk for infection and for progression to disease (Table 1). To achieve significant progress toward reducing the number of future cases of TB, it is necessary to have the following: 1) identification of high-risk groups, with Mantoux tuberculin skin testing of persons in those groups; 2) evaluation to determine the actual presence of disease in those persons identified as infected; and 3) provision of appropriate therapy for both those with positive Mantoux tests and those with active disease.3 Therefore, the emphasis should be to identify targeted high-risk populations for annual skin testing rather than routinely screening all persons. Routine screening would indude a vast number of individuals at low risk.

scholarly journals 472 HEPATITIS B DURING PREGNANCY: IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH RISK GROUPS

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 519-519
Author(s):  
Madhu Gudavalli ◽  
Catherine M P Kierney ◽  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups

Increasing Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Blood Donors - A 3 Year Study in North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Jagjeewan Ram ◽  
Namrata Nigam ◽  
Aparna Singh ◽  
Lubna Khan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Case Volume

BACKGROUND The primary aspect of blood transfusion lies in the availability of blood and blood components which are tested and reported negative for transfusion transmitted infections (TTI’s). The increased seroprevalence of TTI’s indicate their prevalence in general public. The study was conducted to analyse the increasing seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) over a period of 3 years. The objectives of the study determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among the voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care hospital & associated blood bank. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, over a period of 3 years from July 2017 to June 2020. The samples collected were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. RESULTS A total of 69561 blood units were collected during this 3-year study from July 2017 to June 2020. Of all the blood bags screened, the highest prevalence was seen for HBV followed by HCV and HIV. 949 (1.4 %) were reactive for HBV, 75 (0.1 %) were reactive for HIV and 332 (0.5 %) were reactive for HCV. The results show a remarkable increase in the seropositivity for hepatitis C infection. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of HCV has seen an increase in case load over the years as compared to HBV and HIV. This increase in case volume is indicative of impending liver diseases progressing to chronic stage over the years. Thus, it is imperative to create awareness in the general population to help reduce the risk factors responsible for HCV infection. KEYWORDS Blood Transfusion, Voluntary Donors, HCV, HBV, HIV, Seroprevalence, Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTI’s)

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